2022年中考英语复习新题速递之短语辨析.pdf

2022年中考英语复习新题速递之短语辨析（2022年 4 月）选 择 题（共 20小题）1.(2022和平区模拟)In many eastern European countries,you ought to.yourgloves if you want to shake hands with others.()2.A.cut offB.（2022南岗区校级模拟）shut offC.put offD.take offthat you turn off the lights when you leave theclassroom.-OK.,()A.Be sure；I wontB.Make sure；I willC.For sure；I wont3.(2022南岗区校级模拟)After a good and long rest,they.on a journey to climb thelast mountain on their list of challenges the Mt.Everest.()4.A.set outB.leave outC.work out(2022 南 岗 区 校 级 模 拟)-These new types of energy cost very little and willneverReally?That will be very fine.()5.A.go outB.check outC.run out(2022 南通模拟)I thought the job would be a success.But itto be a mess!()A.carries outB.breaks outC.finds outD.turns out6.（2022南岗区校级模拟）Bill Gates is a very kind and successful businessman.Henearly all of his wealth.()7.A.gave away（2022南岗区校级模拟）B.gave upC.gave outMom,it*s hard for me to learn math as well as myclassmates.I want to.-If you study hard,you will others.Nothing is impossible.()A.give up it；catch up withB.give up study；keep up withC.give it up；catch up with8.(2022南岗区校级模拟)We have a new team to work together.We completed manytasks successfully because of i t.()A.put up B.make up C.set up9.(2022南岗区校级模 拟)-The work is so difficult and it.-Don,t worry.I will help you.()A.kicks me off B.drives me crazyC.lets me down10.(2022毕节市模拟)I think teenagers are supposed to the time they spend theircomputer games.()A.cut down；on B.cut off；inC.cut up；on D.cut in；in11.(2022南 岗区校级模拟)-Mr.Zhang is a very good man.He can_ the children in theChildrens Home.-Yes,I like him very m uch.()A.be good at B.be good inC.be good with12.(2022平阳县模拟)-John,you must playing computer games.Ifs really bad foryour eyes.-OK,m um.()A.look up B.get up C.give up D.wake up13.(2022南岗区校级模拟)Too often we spend we thinking about ourselves.Forexample,getting what we want,that we forget to enjoy the pleasure of life.()A.too much B.so much C.very much14.(2022安陆市一模)-The boy is very naughty.He often breaks the school rules.-So you must him.()A.be hard on B.be close toC.be friends with D.be good for15.(2022安陆市一 模)-Why did you throw away that pair of sports shoes?-Because I it for almost two years.()A.have wornB.put onC.had wornD.have put on16.(2022永嘉县模拟)Though Korea led 2：0,the players of Chinese womens soccer teameach other and won the Asian Cup finally.()17.(2022兴城市校级模拟)To keep safe,everyone to wear a seat belt in the car.()A.cheered upB.rang upC looked afterD.cared about18.(2022铁锋区一模)Most teachers dont give too much homework to the freeA.is supposedB.supposesC.supposedD.will supposehe has done his best.time of students now.()A.take upB.make up C.look up19.（2022兴城市校级模拟）-Jason hasnt finished the work,but dont punish him._，-Yes,we d o.()-Yes,youYe right.()A.At firstB.After allC.In totalD.For example20.（2022兴城市校级模拟）-Do you often_your friends home on your way home?A.visit toB.drop byC.come atD.come over at2022年中考英语复习新题速递之短语辨析（2022年 4 月）参考答案与试题解析选 择 题（共 20小题）1.（2022和平区模拟）In many eastern European countries,you ought to yourgloves if you want to shake hands with others.（）A.cut off B.shut off C.put off D.take off【考点】动词短语.【分析】在很多东欧国家，如果你想和别人握手，你应该脱下手套。【解答】cut off切断；shut off关掉；put off推迟；take off脱掉；根据句意，握手的时候应该 手套，可知此处用tak eo ff,表示“脱掉”。故选：D。【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。2.（2022南岗区校级模拟）-that you turn off the lights when you leave theclassroom.-OK.（）A.Be sure；I wont B.Make sure；I willC.For sure；I wont【考点】动词短语；情境对话.【分析】-离开教室的时候务必关灯。-好的。我会的。【解答】be sure确信；make sure确保，务必；forsure确实；for sure是介词短语，在句中作状语，题干中第一空应是祈使句的谓语动词，故排除C；由答语“OK“，可知我会关灯，第二空填I w ill,排除A。故选：Bo【点评】了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.3.（2022南岗区校级模拟）After a good and long rest,they on a journey to climb thelast mountain on their list of challenges the Mt.Everest.（）A.set outB.leave outC.work out【考点】动词短语.【分析】经过很长很好的休息后，他们开始了旅途去攀登挑战珠峰清单上的最后一座山。【解答】set out动身，开始；leave out遗漏，忽 略;work out计算出；根据句意，他们攀登珠峰最后一座山的旅途，可知此处用set o u t,表示”开始，动身”。故选：Ao【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。4.(2022 南 岗 区 校 级 模 拟)-These new types of energy cost very little and willne ve r.-Really?That will be very fine.()A.go out B.check out C.run out【考点】动词短语.【分析】-这 些 新 能 源 成 本 低，而且永远用不完。-真 的吗？那太好了。【解答】go out出去；check out退房；run out用完；根据句意，根据句意，这些新能源永 远 不 会，可知此处用run o u t,表示“用完故选：Co【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。5.(2022南通模拟)I thought the job would be a success.But it to be a mess!()A.carries out B.breaks outC.finds out D.turns out【考点】动词短语.【分析】我原以为这项工作会成功。但结果却一团糟！【解答】carry out实施；break out爆发；findout查明；lurnoul结果是；根据句意，我原以为工作会成功，但团糟，可知此处用turn o u t,表示”结果是“。故选：D。【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。6.(2022 南 岗 区 校 级 模 拟)Bill Gates is a very kind and successful businessman.Henearly all of his wealth.()A.gave away【考点】动词短语.B.gave upC.gave out【分析】比尔盖茨是个非常和蔼、成功的商人。他捐献了几乎所有财产。【解答】gave away捐赠；gaveup放弃；gaveout释放；根据句意，比尔盖茨是个和蔼、成功的商人，可知他捐献了几乎所有财产。故选：Ao【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。7.（2022南岗区校级模拟）-Mom,it*s hard for me to learn math as well as myclassmates.I want to.-If you study hard,you will others.Nothing is impossible.（）A.give up it；catch up withB.give up study；keep up withC.give it up；catch up with【考点】动词短语.【分析】-妈妈，我很难和同学的数学学得一样好。我想放弃。-如果你努力，你就会赶上其他人。一切皆有可能。【解答】give up放弃，是动词和副词构成的短语宾语是代词，放在短语中间，宾语是名词,放在短语之后,排除A；catch up with/keep up with跟上,赶上，catch up with指在落后的情况下赶上，keep up with指和别人保持一样，不落后，由句意”我很难和同学的数学学得一样好”，可知是在落后的情况下赶上，用 catch up with。故选：Co【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。8.（2022南岗区校级模拟）We have a new team to work together.We completed manytasks successfully because of it.（）A.put up B.make up C.set up【考点】动词短语.【分析】我们已经组建了一个新的团队一起工作。为此我们成功地完成了很多任务。【解答】put up张贴，挂起；make up组成；set up建立，组建；根据句意，我们 一个新的团队，可知此处用set up表示“建立”。故选：Co【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。9.（2022南岗区校级模拟）-The work is so difficult and it.-Dont worry.I will help you.()A.kicks me off B.drives me crazyC.lets me down【考点】动词短语.【分析】-这项工作太难，它让我发疯。-不要着急。我会帮你0【解答】kick me off把我踢开；drive me crazy让我发疯；let me down让我失望;根据句意，”这项工作太难”，“不要着急”，可知工作让我发疯。故选：Bo【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。10.(2022毕节市模拟)I think teenagers are supposed to the time they spend theircomputer games.()A.cut down；on B.cut off；inC.cut up；on D.cut in；in【考点】动词短语；常用介词的辨析.【分析】我认为青少年应该削减花在电脑游戏上的时间。【解答】cut down削减；cut off切断；cut up切碎；cut in 打断；根据句意，青少年应该花在电脑游戏上的时间，可知第一空填cut dow n,表示“削减；spend.on sth.是固定搭配，花费 在某事上，故第二空填on。故选：Ao【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。11.(2022南岗区校级模拟)-Mr.Zhang is a very good man.He can_ the children in theChildrens Home.-Yes,I like him very m uch.()A be good at B.be good inC.be good with【考点】动词短语.【分析】-张老师是个好人。他可以在“儿童之家”和孩子们相处融洽。-是的，我很喜欢他。【解答】be good a t擅长于；be good in不是固定搭配；be good with相处融洽；根据句意，我很喜欢他，可知他和孩子们相处融洽。故选：Co【点评】牢记短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。12.(2022平阳县模拟)-John,you must playing computer games.Its really bad foryour eyes.-OK,m um.()A.look up B.get up C.give up D.wake up【考点】动词短语.【分析】-约 翰，你必须放弃玩电脑游戏。这对你的眼睛很不好。-好的，妈妈。【解答】AJookup查 阅;B.getup起 床;C.give up”放 弃;D.wake up醒来。根据Itsreally bad for your eyes.”可知妈妈说的是约翰，你必须放弃玩电脑游戏。这对你的眼睛很不好故选：Co【点评】本题考查动词短语，需要掌握其意思和用法，根据题干选出正确答案。13.(2022南岗区校级模拟)Too often we spend we thinking about ourselves.Forexample,getting what we want,that we forget to enjoy the pleasure of life.()A.too much B.so much C.very much【考点】形容词短语.【分析】我们经常花太多的时间来思考自己。例如，得到我们想要的，却忘记享受生活的乐趣。【解答】too much太多，修饰不可数名词；so much如此多;very much很多；根据thatwe forget to enjoy the pleasure of life可知为 so much that如此多以致于故选：B。【点评】本题考查形容词短语，需要掌握其意思和用法，根据题干选出正确答案。14.(2022安陆市一模)-The boy is very naughty.He often breaks the school rules.-So you must him.()A.be hard on B.be close toC.be friends with D.be good for【考点】动词短语.【分析】-这个男孩很顽皮。他经常违反学校的规定。-所以你必须对他严格。（解答】be hard on严格对待或批评;be close to 亲近;be friends with做朋友;be good for对 有益；根据句意，他经常违反学校的规定，可知你应该对他严格。故选：A。【点评】牢记短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。15.（2022安陆市一模）-Why did you throw away that pair of sports shoes?-Because I it for almost two years.（）A.have worn B.put onC.had worn D.have put on【考点】动词短语.【分析】-为什么你把那双运动鞋扔掉？-因为我已经穿了它两年。【解答】worn是 wear的过去分词，wear穿着，表状态，puton穿上，强调动作；根据时间状语for two years,可知应用延续性动词，put on是瞬间动词，排除B 和 D：由句意可知，是到我扔掉运动鞋的时候为止，已经两年时间，扔掉运动鞋是过去的动作，过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选：C【点评】牢记动词和动词短语的词义及用法，结合时态，选择正确答案。16.（2022永嘉县模拟）Though Korea led 2：0,the players of Chinese womens soccer teameach other and won the Asian Cup finally.（）A.cheered up B.rang upC.looked after D.cared about【考点】动词短语.【分析】尽管韩国以2：0 领先，但中国女足队员相互鼓励，最终赢得了亚洲杯的胜利。（解答】cheered up使振作，鼓励；rang up打电话；looked after照顾；cared about关心，在意；根据句意，尽管韩国以2：0 领先，但中国女足队员相互一，最终赢得亚洲杯的胜利，可知此处用cheered u p,表示 鼓励。故选：Ao【点评】牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。17.(2022兴城市校级模拟)To keep safe,everyone to wear a seat belt in the car.()A.is supposed B.supposesC.supposed D.will suppose【考点】动词短语.【分析】为了保证安全，每个人在车上都应该系安全带。【解答】suppose推断，认为；be supposed to do应该做某事；根据句意，为了保证安全，每个人_ _ _ _ 系安全带，可知此处用be supposed to 的结构，表示“应该故选：Ao【点评】掌握动词和短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。18.(2022铁锋区一模)Most teachers dont give too much homework to the freetime of students now.()A.take up B.make up C.look up【考点】动词短语.【分析】现在大部分老师没有布置太多家庭作业去占用学生们的空闲时间。解答take up 占用；make up 编造；look up 向上看；由 the free time of students”可知是占用学生空闲时间。故选：Ao【点评】考查动词短语，要牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。19.(2022兴城市校级模拟)-Jason hasnt finished the work,but dont punish h i m.,he has done his best.-Yes,youre right.()A.At first B.After allC.In total D.For example【考点】介词短语.【分析】-杰森还没完成工作，但不要惩罚他。毕竟，他己经尽力了。-是的，你说得对。【解答】At first 起初；After all 毕竟；In total 总计；For example 例如。根据 but dont punishhim”但不要惩罚他”可知，“毕竟”他已经尽力了。填 Aflerall。故选：Bo【点评】分析选项意思，结合语境，选择符合句意的答案。20.(2022兴城市校级模 拟)-Do you often your friends home on your way home?-Yes,we d o.()A.visit to B.drop byC.come at D.come over at【考点】动词短语.【分析】-你会经常在你回家的路上顺便拜访你朋友的家吗？-是的，我们会。【解答】visit to 拜访；dropby顺便拜访；comeat来到；come over a t过来；由题干问句中的状语on your way home”可知，是在你回家的路上，所以是B 项。故选：Bo【点评】考查动词短语，要牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。考点卡片1.常用介词的辨析【常用介词的辨析】一、表示计量的介词：at,for,by1.a t表示”以速度”以价格”.如：It flies at about 900 kilometers a h o u r.它以每小时 900 公里的速度飞行.2.for表示”用交换，以为代价、如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了.二、表示材料的介词：of,from,in1.o f成品仍可看出原料.如：This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的.2.from成品已看不出原料.如：Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的.3.i n 表示用某种材料或语言.如：Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格.三、表示关于的介词：of,about,onI.of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事.如：He spoke of the film the other d a y.他前几天提到了这部影片.2.about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况.如：Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？3.on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事.如:Its a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书.四、表示好像或当作的介词：like,as1.like表示“像-样”，其实不是.如：Peter the Great,like his country,was strong and proud.彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪.2.as表示”作为，以身份”，其实也是.如：He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话.五、表示支持或反对的介词：against,foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词.如：Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法？六、表示除某人某物外的介词：besides,except1.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的 除外,还.如:Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有30 个学生去看了电影.(他和另外30 人都去了)He is interested in tennis besides football.除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣.2.except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的 除去”.如：Everyone is excited except m e.除我以外的每个人都很激动.(他们激动，而我却不激动)2.动词短语【概念】动词短语：动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.【用法】(1)动词+副词：在 动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间.例：First put some salt into the water and then.()A.mix them up B.mix up them C.mix it up D.mix up it分析：首先放一些盐在水里，然后搅拌它们.解答：分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里，然 后搅拌它 们.这 里 salt是不可数名词，用 it指代，放在中间，故选C.(2)动词+副词+介词：在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后.例：She is planning her project.Lets help her some good id eas.()A.come out B.come up C.come up with D.catch up with分析：她正在计划她的项目，让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.解答：come out出来，出现，出版，come up发生，上来，come up with想出，catch up with追上，赶上；结合句意”她正在计划她的项目，让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.”可知，要用是一般现在时，help后面跟动词原形，故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.（3）动词+名词:这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义.例：The old ma n，and he wants to see a doctor now.（）A.has fever B.have a fever C.has a fever D.has fevers分析：这位老人发烧了，他现在想去看医生.解答：考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语，意思是“发烧；结合句意 这位老人发烧，他现在想去看医生.”可知，要用是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故答案为C.（4）be+形容词+介词：be+形 容 词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义.例：This pair of shoes h an d.（）A.is made with B.are made from C.are made of D.is made by分析：这双鞋是手工做的.解答：考查动词短语.A 用.什么东西制造.B.由制 造（看不出原材料）.C.由制造（看出原材料）.D.由制 造（由某人）.结合语境“这双鞋是手工做的.可知，由双手制造，用 is made b y.选 D.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法，意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.3.形容词短语【概念】在句中起形容词作用的短语叫做形容词短语.【用法】（1）两个或多个形容词可以由and,but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语.Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间大且美丽.（large and beautiful是形容词短语.）He is young but clever.他年轻但聪明.（young but clever是形容词短语.）（2）very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语.It is very hot today.今天很热.（very hot是形容词短语.）The room was awfully dirty.这屋子太脏了.（awfully dirty是形容词短语.）The road is long enough.这路够长的.（long enough是形容词短语，enough在形容词后作修饰语.）（3）介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语.I am sure of success.我确信会成功的.（sure of success是形容词短语.）The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水.（full of water是形容词短语.）（4）不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语.He is sure to come.他一定会来的.（sure to come是形容词短语.）【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查形容词短语的用法，但容易混淆的形容词短语、常用形容词短语的习惯用法、常用形容词短语.这些是考查的重点.4.介词短语【概念】介词短语：指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有：according to,along with,in front of.by means of,in spite of,togetherwith,with regard to 等.概念点拨：介词短语是由介词加宾语构成，本身可作句子成分，如定语或状语等，可单独使用；介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语.【用法】介词短语可以作定语（须后置）、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等.例如：作定语The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel.（定语）The old thing are all three years o ld.（）A.on show,hundredB.for showing,hundreds ofC.on show,hundreds分析：这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.解答：on show 展出，介词短语做后置定语，三百年three hundred years,hundreds o f意思是”数以百计的”，结合句意”这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.可知，答案为A.做状语Her eyes were tired from long reading.（状语）Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.（）A.in pubicB.in totalC.in common分析：Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.解答：结合语境Grace often gets nervous可以推断这句话表达的意思是Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.”，所以设空处的介词短语表达的意思是”在公众场合”，应 该 用 in public,intotal总共，in common”共有”都不符合句意，故选A点评：英语介词的一个特点是一词多义，并且介词间语义交叉现象很多，习惯用法也很多，有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结，熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法，是完成此类问题的捷径.作表语The decision is of great importance to m e.（表语）Most of the wild animals are because of their bad living environment.-So we must do something to save th em.（）A.in needB.on dutyC.at workD.in danger分析-大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.-所以我们必须采取措施拯救它们.解答：首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思，A：需要；B：值日；C：在工作；D：处于危险中；根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是“大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.”，由此判断句子中缺少”处于危险中”一词，故答案为D.做宾语补足语They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)When we get on the bus,we should wa i t.()A.in a lineB.with a lineC.in lineD.on line分析：当我们上车的时候，我们应该排队等候.解答：根据When we get on the b u s,可知当我们上车的时候，我们应该排队等候.排队等候应该用wait in line表 示.故 选 C.做主语On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)the students in this primary school is about four thousand,and of them are fromX ian.()A.A number of；the number ofB.The number of；a number ofC.The number of；the number ofD.A number of；a number of分析这个小学的学生数大约是四千，他们当中很多人来自西安.解答：首先明确选项中涉及到的单词或短语的意思和用法，a number o f 意思是“许多”修饰可数名词复数，the number o f 意思是”的数量二作主语视为单数，本题中，结合语境推测句意是”这个小学的学生数大约是四千，他们当中很多人来自西安.，故答案为B.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查介词短语的用法，容易混淆的介词短语.英语介词的一个特点是一词多义，并且介词间语义交叉现象很多，习惯用法也很多，有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结，熟记一些介词短语的固定搭配及习惯用法.这些是考查的重点.5.情境对话【考查能力介绍】情境对话的常见考查形式有听力理解、单项选择、情景反应、分栏进行情景配对等.情境对话主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言，并从实际出发,考查交际语言的运用能力.【解题方法点拨】对于听力理解，我们需要在听录音之前熟悉所给材料，根据选项内容做出预判，从而在听录音时能快速抓住关键词，做出迅速正确的反应.对于