2019年中考英语阅读理解真题专项训练(热点话题).pdf
2019年中考英语阅读理解真题汇编（带详细解析过程）（名师精讲解题方法与技巧+实战训练，建议下载练习）【考点分析】阅读理解旨在考查学生阅读、理解的能力。近几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新颖，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力、根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，考查学生关注细节的能力占很大部分。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？一、解题思路（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1.抓住四个W和一个“H“，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What（事件），When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3.注意领会文章的寓意。4.根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归 纳 解 题 法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题 干 中 有suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,according to”等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。捕 捉 关 键 词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排 除 法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。专项训练十四热点话题时间：8 10分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题Passage 1（2018 永州）流行词点赞、任性、秒杀、土豪As the Internet is developing fast,more and more new words and phrases have beencreated in Chinese.Here are some examples.One of the most popular words is Dianzan,which is often used when you quite agreewith someone.Another example is Renxing.When you say somebody is Renxing,you meanthat they will do whatever they like.The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping,which means you can complete your shopping orders before others.But now its widely usedwhen you achieve your Durpose in a very short time.If you describe somebody as a Tuhao,you mean that he is very rich.You can find lots of such new Chinese words.Keep learning and youll know more aboutChinese culture.()1.When you quite agree with someone,you may say.A.Renxing B.Miaosha C.Dianzan()2.What does Renxing mean in English?A.Someone can complete his/her shopping orders before others.B.Someone will do whatever he/she likes.C.He/She is very rich.()3.How many kinds of Internet language are mentioned in thepassage?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.()4.What does the underlined word“purpose“mean in Chinese?A.目 标B.讨 论C.成功)5.Which of the following is Right according to the passage?A.Now,fewer and fewer words and phrases have been created in Chinese.B.Miaosha has been created two meanings in Chinese.C.You can find lots of new Chinese words without learning.Passage 2（2018 娄底）“20国集团”峰会在杭州举行Hangzhou,the capital of East Chinas Zhejiang Province,is one of Chinas finest andmost popular tourist places.The city is ready to hold the two-day 2018 G20 Summit(4t20 国集团”峰会)from September 4.The city has been trying its best to greet the coming Summit.The new hotels for Chineseand foreign leaders,as well as the rebuilding and improvement of some old streets,are almostfinished.The riverbanks(i可岸)of the Qiantang River are made much more beautiful withcolorful lights.We saw the 100-day countdown(倒计时)on May 27,2018.More than 5，000 staff(工作人员)and volunteers are preparing for the summit.()1.From the passage,we can know that Hangzhou is.A.the capital of East ChinaB.the biggest city in ChinaC.one of the most famous places for the Chinese tourists()2.When will the 2016 G20 Summit end in Hangzhou?A.September 2.B.September 4.C.September 5.()3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.Chinese and foreign leaders will live in new hotels when attending the Summit.B.Hangzhou is trying to rebuild all the old streets.C.Hangzhou is becoming more and more beautiful now.()4.How many staff and volunteers are getting prepared for the Summit?A.Over 5 000.B.Less than 5 ()00.C.More than 500.)5.Where does this reading material most probably come from?A.A story book.B.A newspaper.C.A text book.Passage 3（2018 滨州）二孩政策的好处China is a great country with the largest population in the world.In order to solve thepopulation problem，our government carried out one-child policy（政策）before.When it iscarried out for some time,many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.From 2018,two-child policy is put into effect.In my opinion,two-child policy is good.First of all,two-child policy is the gift for some only child.For some families,maybe theparents are only child and they also can have only child.Besides the loneliness of their child，when their child grows up and they grow older,their child marry an only child girl,theburden（负担）on their child and his wife is too heavy.Their child and his wife have to takecare of two couples.Usually,a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult.But if their parents have two children,they can share the burden of taking care of theirparents.It would be much better.Secondly,two-child policy can guarantee（保证）the numberof Chinese population.All in all,one-child policy has been out of date.And two-child policy is needed andnecessary.It can solve the problems of nowadays（现在）and the future.（）1.Which country has the largest population in the world?A.America.B.Britain.C.China.D.Japan.（）2.The underlined phrase carried cut-in Paragraph 1 means inChinese.A.携 带 B.取 消 C.禁止 D.实行（）3.Our government carried out one-child policy before in order to.A.solve the population problemB.take care of two old couplesC.share the burden of taking care of their parentsD.argue that two-child policy should be put into effect()4.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.One-child policy has its advantages and disadvantages.B.It*s easy for a young couple to look after an old couple.C.China is a great country with the largest population in the world.D.For some families,maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only childbefore 2018.()5.Whats the main idea of this passage?A.Two-child policy is needed and necessary.B.Our government carried out one-child policy.C.Two-child policy is the gift for some only child.D.Two-child policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population.Passage 4(2018 咸宁)“9页手绘步骤”教父母玩微信Zhang Ming,a college student from Shandong,created a 9-page“WeChat guide”.Withdrawings and simple words,the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages,takepictures and make video calls.Zhang made the guide fbr his parents.My parents aregetting old.They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology，”he said.Zhangs experience is common nowadays.Worldwide,40 percent of parents learn aboutnew technologies,including computers,mobile Internet and social media,from their children,according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014.Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything.Now fbr the first time,theteachers become the students,and the students turn into the teachers.The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology,saysZhou Xiaohong,a sociology professor from Nanjing University.Zhou said the Internet andother forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking oldergenerations(长辈).Therefore,in the age of information,its possible that children knowmore than their parents do.According to the China Internet Network Information Center(CINIC),56.7 percent ofInternet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30.Theyounger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment.Butwhen they teach their parents new technologies,parents can connect to the new world bythemselves,noted Zhou.In Zhang Mings eyes,teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to hisparents.People can communicate more by using new technology.Why should we keep ourparents out?said Zhang.()1.According to the passage,Zhangs parents cant with the“WeChatguide”.A.make video calls B.send messagesC.grab the red envelopes D.take pictures()2.Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?A.Because parents teach the children about almost everything.B.Because children can ask more older generations for help.C.Because parents are getting old.D.Because children can get more information by using new technologies.()3.What does the underlined word link”in paragraph 5 mean?A.teacher B.connectionC.treasure D.conversation()4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Zhang Mings WeChat guide“is made up of drawings and simple words.B.40%of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in2014.C.56.7%of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC.D.Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more newtechnologies.()5.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Ways of using new technologyB.Kids can also teach parentsC.How parents connect to the worldD.Ways to get informationPassage 5（2018 荆州）人工智能-AlphaGoWho is smarter,human being or artificial intelligence（A I,人工智能）？The questionswept the world a few months ago.In March 2018,AlphaGo,an AI program developed byGoogle,had the Go（围棋）match with Lee Sedol,a South Korean Go player.He is the worldtop player of this old Chinese game.In October 2015,AlphaGo became the first computer program to beat a professional（职业的）human Go player.And this time,it beat Lee Sedol 4-1.In fact,before the match,most people believed that Lee would certainly be the winner,because they didnt think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind.However,theresult was disappointing.As a machine,AlphaGo would never get tired,while Lee Sedol wasonly a human and humans must have some weaknesses.AlphaGos wins over a human champion（冠军）show that computers can do moredifficult tasks.Some people may worry whether computers are now smart enough to beat usat everything.But scientists say that is not the case.Real life problems can be more difficultthan the Go game.Thomas Johnson,a scientist of AI said,Its not hard to get a computerprogram to remember and produce facts.What is hard is getting computers to use knowledgein everyday situation.And we believe we can use the technology of AI to improve the world.（）1.The match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol is mentioned at the beginning ofthe article mainly to.A.get the reader to think about AIB.draw the readers attention to AlphaGoC.show how AI is usually testedD.tell the reader AI has over the human brain（）2.What was the result of the match?A.Google program beat AlphaGo.B.Lee Sedol won AlphaGo 41.C.Lee Sedol was beaten.D.Neither side won the match.）3.Why did most people believe Lee would be the winner?Be c a u s e A.computers had weaknesses and also got tiredB.AlphaGo only beat a human Go player onceC.the Go game was invented by Chinese peopleD.computers were not so smart as a human（）4.What does Thomas Johnson probably agree with?A.AI does better than humans in every situation.B.Its hard for AI to beat the human at everything.C.The development of AI could be harmful one day.D.AI should be used to help us make difficult decisions.Passage 6（2018 荆门）如何应对校园暴力？Every school seems to have a buHy（欺凌）.In fact,bullying goes on in schools all overthe world.Bullying is a common situation at school.We need to get to know more aboutbullying.Who gets picked on（被选择）？Bullies pick on people they think dont fit in-someonewho“looks diffbrent“or isnt as smart or as rich”.For example,shy kids often get pickedon because of their characters.Physically hitting someone is the most obvious（明显的）formof bullying,but insulting（侮辱），gossiping（说闲话）and making fun of others are also usualforms of bullying.What can you do to stop bullying?If you are the bully,think about how your actions hurtothers.You cant build yourself up by putting others down.When youre feeling stressed orangry,find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.If you are the victim（受害者），tell a trusted adult and get some help.Many times adultscan find ways to solve the problem.Here is some wise advice:Ignore（忽略）the bully and walk away.Hold your temper（脾气）.Maybe the bully wants you to explode（发怒）.Dont fight physically.It may lead to more violence（暴力）.Practice confidence even if you have to pretend it.Talk with parents or teachers about it.They are sure to help you solve the problem.Make true friends at school.That may be helpful.()1.According to the passage,whats going on at school in the world?A.Being late.B.Bullying.C.Being angry.D.Fighting with teachers.()2.Who may be bullied at school easily?A.The person who is smart.B.The person who doesnt gossip.C.The person who is shy.D.The person who often gossips.()3.As a student,how can you stop bullying?A.Think less about the results of your actions.B.Build yourself up by insulting others.C.Deal with your frustrations by fighting with others.D.Deal with your stress or anger in acceptable ways.()4.What can a student do to avoid being a victim?A.Dont ignore the bully and face it.B.Dont talk to parents about it directly.C.Make more good friends at school.D.Fight physically if he or she cant hold temper.Passage 7(2018 滨州)在网络平台，晒食物，的坏处We cant remember clearly since when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table.This happens a lot,especially when we eat out.Once a dish comes,instead of lifting ourchopsticks,we take out our mobiles and click.Later,we post the photos onto Weibo orWeChat,waiting to be“liked”.Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal,to see whether we get“liked“or not.We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.Does that sound familiar to you?Do you do that often?If not,how do you feel whenothers do that when having dinner with you?A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good.Spending timetaking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.To test this,some researchers did anexperiment.Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food.As a result,it showed that the more photos they took,So,why not stop taking photos and justenjoy the food in front of you?Besides the scientific result,there are also some other bad influences of taking photos offood before meals.After posting the photos onto the Internet,one will not be able to controlhimself and check his mobile many times.Does everyone like my photos?I hope a lot ofpeople like them!”It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time,even whenyou are with real people.So,next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends,how about nottaking photos of food?Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people aroundyou.Trust me,it will be a wonderful time.()1.From the passage,what happens a lot at the dinner table nowadays?A.People talk about their Weibo or WeChat.B.People learn from each other how to cook dishes.C.People like taking photos with friends or families.D.People take photos of food and post them before eating.()2.Which of the following can be put in the in Paragraph 3?A.the less cheerful they becameB.the less delicious the food seemed to themC.the more interested they were in t
