【阅读指导】高中英语阅读理解猜测词意题.pdf
高中英语阅读理解猜测词意高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义;（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。2019年真题1.For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speechday,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy publicspeaking.But hes nervous.Im here to tell you today why you should.should.,5 Christrips on the-Id,a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.”.Vote for.me“Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings hisspeech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25.What does the underlined word“stumbles“in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Sillyjokes.“You can use me as a last resort（选择），and if nobody else volunteers,then Iwill do it.This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request forvolunteers for my kids9 lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxietyaround stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a littlepersuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent withfour kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kidsaren,t even on.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,Ill doit.”25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings,in paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.(Paragraph 4)“China is impossible to overlook,says Hill.Chinese modelsare the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over theworld,which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they arecentral to its movement.Of course,not only are today 5s top Western designers beinginfluenced by China some of the best designers of contemporary fashion arethemselves Chinese.Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs and beating them hands down in design and sales,“adds Hill.26.What do the underlined words“taking on“in paragraph 4 mean?A.learning from B.looking down onC.working with D.competing againstBy the end of the century,if not sooner,the worlds oceans will be bluer and greenerthanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,thesephytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour variesfrom green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducingit in other spots,leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they burycarbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the globalclimate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans wanning trend.Wanningchanges key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,sincethey need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients.43.What does the underlined word“vulnerable“in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras bytaking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of thecopies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-upfor one of the visitors centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realizedwhy he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park 2.2 million acres was caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across much toohuge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstonemust have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known tohumans.60.What does the underlined word“blow-up“in the last paragraph most probablymean?A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Birds view.Would you BET on the future of this man?He is 53 years old.Most of his adultlife has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made hisleft hand stop functioning,and he has often been in prison.Driven byheaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350years.That former prisoner was Cervantes,and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）.And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover newvitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfwaymark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Tmtalking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they haveadopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.End ones struggle for liberty.B.Waste ones energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.Money with no strings attached.Its not something you see every day.But atUnion Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached toit with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars,many others pinnedtheir own cash to the board.t4People of all ages,races,and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took,“said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox,which createdthe project.44We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and takea few dollars.Most of the bills on the board were singles,but a few people left fives,tens and even twenties.The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a$20bill pinning it to the board.24.What does the expression“money with no strings attached“in paragraph 1 mean?A.Money spent without hesitation.B.Money not legally made.C.Money offered without conditions.D.Money not tied together.2020年 1月浙江卷Mrs.Calloway made her own rules about books.You could not take back a bookto the library on the same day youd taken it out;it made no difference to her thatyoud read every word in it and needed another to start.You could take out two booksat a time and two only.So two by two,I read library books as fast as I could go,rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle.From the minute I reached our house,I started to read.I knew this was extreme happiness,knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine.Now,I think of her as reading so muchof the time while doing something else.I remember her reading a magazine whiletaking the part of the Wolf in a game of“Little Red Riding Hood,with my brotherstwo daughters.Shed just look up at the right time,long enough to answer incharacter “The better to eat you with,my dear,“and go back to her place in themagazine article.22.What do the underlined words“this feeling,refer to in the last paragraph?A.Desire to read.B.Love for Mrs.Calloway.C.Interest in games.D.Fear of the library rules.2018年之前高考英语真题l.If you have a juicer,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries orsliced fruit.Out comes a“soft-serve“creamy dessert,to be eaten right away.Thismakes a fun activity for a childrens party;they love feeding the fruit and frozenbananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is ua juicer in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.2.Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do weoften assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The goodnews is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more withless.What do the words“more is more“in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more,the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money,more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.3.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the verybest varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,shelteredplace with perfect soil to grow it,so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fallfor it.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream w in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.C.A brilliant plan.B.A vain hope.D.A selfish desire.4.This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors ofevery building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice:either changethe first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into mainfloors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-framebuildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word koist”in Paragraph 4 means”A.change B.liftC.repair D.decorate5.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was nofreedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helplessmasses.What does the underlined wordtyrannies fin Paragraph 2 refer tolA.Countries where their people need help.B.Powerful states with higher civilization.C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D.Governments ruled with absolute power.6.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typicallytravels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter（散射）light,bouncing itaway from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Bothscattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.The underlined word dead in Paragraph 3 me ans.A.silently B.graduallyC.regularly D.completely7.My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it alittle over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthdayinstead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.l let a salesclerk fool me into buying adiscontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisementsfor the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifullywhen I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for thenight.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would neverhave gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off in Paragraph/?_A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they aredis史raced、he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage（宗系）,and his tribe.The word“disgrace“means in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he wasbanished.A few members of the Senate（参议院）opposed this decision,but themajority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word banished1 me a n.A.killed by stoning B.sent awayC.imprisoned D.punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal moneyfrom a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not wantto jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize“means in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years,many writers have begun to speak the decline of class andclassless society in Britain.And in modern day consumer society everyone isconsidered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-rangingsociety of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves inparticular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class maynot be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part ofBritish society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to.A.varietyB.divisionC.authorityD.qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adultswas surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twiceas likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely tobe well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers alsofound that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in howthe boys turned out.Working at any age is important.Childhood activities helpa child develop responsibility,independence,confidence and competencetheunderpinnings（基础）of emotional health.They also help him understand that peoplemust cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are thosewho know how to do this.Yet work isnt everything.As Tolstoy once said,“One canlive magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love,to workfor the person one loves and to love ones work.”49.What does the underlined word“sharp“probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Quick to reactB.Having a thin edgeC.Clear and definiteD.sudden and rapidIn fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completelyfearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking inlarge groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common goodof the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their livesto help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survivedon Earth,for more than 140 million years,far longer than dinosaurs.Because theythink as one,they have a collective（集体的）intelligence greater than you wouldexpect from its individual parts.70.What does the underlined expression take on in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Accept.B.Employ.C.Play with.D.Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.Helooked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Iveever had:Be bold and brave and mighty（强大的）forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it wasseldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failurestop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feeton the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.Andthere is nothing
