2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》全真模拟卷一.pdf

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语一全真模拟卷一材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题What do people really feel?This has never been an easy thing for companies to 1 For one thing,emotions are inherently difficult to 2.For another,there s oftena 3 between what people say they feel and what they actually feel.A lot of companies use focus groups and surveys to 4 how people feel.Now,emotional AI technology can help businesses 5 the emotionalreactions in real time by decoding facial expressions,6 voicepatterns,monitoring eye movements,and measuring neurological immersionlevels,7 .The ultimate 8 is a much better understanding of theircustomers一and even their employees.9 the subjective nature of emotions,emotional AI is especiallyprone to bias.For example,one study found that emotional analysistechnology 10 more negative emotions to people of certain ethnicitiesthan to others.Consider the consequences in the workplace,11 analgorithm consistently identifying an individual as exhibiting negativeemotions might 12 career progression.AI is often also not sophisticated enough to understand culturaldifferences 13 expressing and reading emotions,making it harder todraw 14 conclusions.For instance,a smile might mean one thing inGermany and 15 in J apan.16 these meanings can lead businessesto make wrong decisions.Imagine a J apanese tourist needing 17 whilevisiting a shop in Berlin.If the shop used emotion recognition to 18which customers to support,the shop assistant might mistake their smile-19 of politeness back home一as an indication that they didn,trequire help.20,if left unaddressed,conscious or unconscious emotional biascan perpetuate stereotypes and assumptions at an unprecedented scale.查看材料1.【完形填空】第（1）题选A.measureB.determineC.acknowledgeD.ignore正确答案：B参考解析：本文节选自 Har v ar d Bu s i n e s s Re v i e w:Th e Ri s k s o f Us i n g AI t oIn t e r p r e t Hu m an Em o t i o n s.【答题思路】本空所在句的 Th i s 指第一段 W h at d o p e o p l e r e al l y f e e l?（人们真正的感受是什么？），由于人们的感受是主观抽象的，所以只有选项 B填入符合语境及逻辑，本句意为：“人们真正的感受是什么”对于公司来说从来都不是一件容易确定的事情。选项 B d e t e r m i n e为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：测量。m e as u r e用作动词的基本意思是“测量”，指用某种工具或仪器测出某物在某方面的具体数据以便对其进行分分析，从而得出结论或完成任务,其宾语多为有形物质；选项 B：确定，决定；选项 C：承认，认可；选项M：忽视。查看材料2.【完形填空】第（2）题选A.r e adB.e x p o s eC.v an i s hD.t o l e r at e正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，此空所在句意为：一方面，情绪本身就难以解读。根据前后文，可以推断出此处选项 A符合原文大意及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：解读，看 透（想法或心思）；选项 B：揭露，揭 发（不好或不道德的事情）。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项 C：突然不见，消失。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项 D：忍受。代入后语义不当，故排除。查看材料3.【完形填空】第（3）题选A.d i s h o n e s t yB.r e s t r i ct i o nC.d i s co n n e ctD.s e p ar at i o n正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：另一方面,人们说出来的感受和他们实际的感受之间常常存在差异。选项 C意 为“断开连接；差异，缺乏联系”，符合语境及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：不诚实，欺诈。强调不诚实的行为，代入后语义不当，故排除；选项 B：限制，约束。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项M：分开，分隔。代入后语义不当，故排除。查看材料4.【完形填空】第（4）题选A.f o r e c a s tB.r e m e m b e rC.e x p r e s sD.u n d e r s t a n d正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据首段我们可以推断出，该空所在句意为：许多公司利用焦点小组和调查去理解人们的感受。选项 D “理解”符合此处语境，故 D项正确。【选项辨析】选项 A ：预言，预测。代入后为“预测感受”，语义得当，但与前后文逻辑不符，故排除；选项 B ：记得，记起。代入后语义及逻辑不当，故排除；选 项 表 达。代入后语义及逻辑不当，故排除；查看材料5.【完形填空】第（5）题选A.c a p t u r eB.p o s t p o n eC.c o n t r o lD.c o m p a r e正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：现在，情绪人工智能技术可以帮助企业实时撞提情绪反应。选项 A “俘获，捕捉”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B ：推迟，延缓。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C ：控制。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 D ：比较。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料6.【完形填空】第（6）题选A.d i s p l a y i n gB.s h a r i n gC.s t o r i n gD.a n a l y z i n g正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：通过解码面部表情、分析声音模式、监测眼球运动，以及测量神经系统沉浸程度的方式.故选项 D “分析”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A ：展示。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 B ：分享。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C ：储存。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料7.【完形填空】第（7）题选A.i n e f f e c tB.a s a r e s u l tC.f o r e x a m p l eD.i n a s e n s e正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：现在，情绪人工智能技术可以帮助企业实时捕捉情绪反应，例如通过解码面部表情、分析声音模式、监测眼球运动，以及测量神经系统沉浸程度的方式。这里后半部分是对实时捕捉情绪反应的举例说明，选项 C “例如”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A ：实际上，用于引出事实。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 B ：作为结果，用于引出结果。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 D ：从某种意义上说。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料8.【完形填空】第（8）题选A.o u t c o m eB.r e l i e fC.p l a nD.d u t y正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：最终的结果是可以更好地理解他们的客户，甚至是他们的员工。前文提及，用人工智能实时捕捉情绪反应来理解人们的感受。对于公司来说，准确地了解人们的感受就可以更好地了解他们的客户，因此更好地了解客户是用人工智能实时捕捉情绪反应的一种目的或者结果。选项 A “结果”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B ：慰藉。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C ：计划。代入后颠倒了文中的逻辑关系，应该是用某计划来达到某种目的，而不是反过来，与原文不符，故排除；选项M：责任。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料9.【完形填空】第(9)题选A.I n s t e a d o fB.I n s p i t e o fC.B e c a u s e o fD.R e g a rd l e s s of正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：由于情绪的主观性，情绪性人工智能尤其容易产生偏差(b ia s)o选项 C “由于 符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：代替.；而不是。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除；选项 B：尽管。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除；选项 D ：不顾。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除。查看材料1 0 .【完形填空】第(1 0)题选A.a s s ig n sB.im pos e sC.a rra n g e sD.d on a t e s正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：例如，一项研究发现，情绪分析技术分配给某些种族的负面情绪比给其他人的更多。选项 A意 为“分配”，与t o作词组a s s ig n s t h.t o.搭配，符合原文大意及逻辑，选项 A为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B：把(自己的观点、信仰等)强加于。用 作im pos e s t h.on /u pon.故排除；选项 C ：安排。a rra n g e接具体的人或东西后接介词f or,并且此处与原文大意不符，故排除；选项 D ：赠送。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 1 .【完形填空】第(1 1)题选A.w h yB.w h e nC.t h a tD.w h e re正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：考虑工作场所的后果，一个算法持续识别个人表现出负面情绪此空考查到语法，需要填入一个在从句中作地点状语来引导定语从句的词，选项M w h e re”符合，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A B C 填入去修饰先行词t h e w ork pl a ce 都不符合原文大意，选项 A表原因，选项 B 表时间，选项 C 无意义。查看材料1 2 .【完形填空】第（1 2）题选A.a ch ie v eB.a f f e ctC.e x t ra ctD.re f l e ct正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：考虑工作场所的后果，一个算法持续识别个人表现出负面情绪可能会影响职业发展。选项 B“（通常指不好的）影响”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：完成，实现。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除；选项 C ：提炼。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除；选项 D ：反映。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除。查看材料1 3 .【完形填空】第（1 3）题选A.onB.inC.a tD.of正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：人工智能通常也不够精密，无法理解人们在表达和解读情感方面的文化差异。表 示“在方面的差别，d if f e re n ce 后面通常用介词i n,故选项 B 为正确选项。【选项辨析】d if f e re n ce i n-表 示“在方面的差别”，为固定搭配，其余三个选项均无此用法，故排除。查看材料1 4 .【完形填空】第（1 4）题选A.s im il a rB.con t ra ryC.a ccu ra t eD.s pe e d y正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：人工智能通常也不够精确，无法理解人们在表达和解读情感方面的文化差异，这使得人们更难得出准确的结论。选项 C “精确地，准确的”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A ：相似的。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 B：相反的。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选 项 迅 速 的。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 5 .【完形填空】第（1 5）题选A.a n o t h e rB.o t h e rC.n o t h i n gD.a n y t h i n g正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：例如，微笑在德国可能意味着某种意思，而在日本可能意味着另一种意思。此处我们可以得知微笑的含义有很多种，是不确定的，指不确定的“一个 另一个 .”时用o n e a n o t h e r ,故选项 A”另 一（事物）”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B：其他的。没 有o n e.o t h e r 的用法，与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：无关紧要的事。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 D：任何事情。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 6 .【完形填空】第（1 6）题选A.Id e n t i f y i n gB.Co n f u s i n gC.Ig n o r i n gD.De f i n i n g正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：混淆这些含义可能会导致企业做出错误的决定。选项 B “混淆”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A ：识别。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：忽视。语义得当，但与后文所举的例子不符，故排除；选项M：使明确。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 7.【完形填空】第（1 7）题选A.c o n c e r nB.c o n f i d e n c eC.t o l e r a n c eD.a s s i s t a n c e正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：试想一下，一位日本游客在柏林参观一家商店时需要赞助。后文中的w h i c h c u s t o m e r s t os u p p o r t （哪些顾客需要帮助）再次呼应了前文大意，故选项 D “帮助”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A ：关心。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 B：自信。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：忍耐。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 8.【完形填空】第（1 8）题选A.p r i o r i t i z eB.s y m b o l i z eC.c a t e g o r i z eD.m e m o r i z e正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：如果商店使用情绪识别来决定要优先帮助哪些顾客。选项 A “优先处理”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B：象征。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：分类。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 D：记忆。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料1 9.【完形填空】第（1 9）题选A.m e s s a g eB.c o d eC.n o t i c eD.sign正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：如果商店使用情绪识别来决定要优先帮助哪些顾客，店员可能会把他们的微笑一一这在日本是礼貌的象征错当成他们不需要帮助的表现。因为前文提到微笑在不同的国家含义不同。故选项 D “标志，象征”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A：消息。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 B：密码。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：通知。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料2 0.【完形填空】第(20)题选A.In shortB.In returnC.In particularD.In contrast正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：简而言之,如果不加以解决，有意识或无意识的情感偏见可能会以前所未有的规模使刻板印象和假设永久化。选项 A “简而言之”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B：作为回报。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 C：尤其。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项 D：相反的是。代入后与原文不符，故排除。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25 题College students like to think about the future,the satisfying careersand happy lives to come.But without good financial planning,these dreamscan turn to dust.Students today confront a dizzying array of financialchoices,and they are often woefully unprepared to make them.The resultcan be anxiety that affects their studies,or a debt load that may burdenthem for years.As teachers of financial literacy,parents and public schools haven，tbeen getting the job done.Thats caused more and more colleges to decide that they must takeresponsibility for teaching it.Only about 1 in 6 high school studentsare required to take at least a semester-long course in personal finances,according to a survey by Next Gen Personal Finance,a nonprofit group.Whats more,many college students arrive on campus from householdswhere the parent or parents themselves lack financial planning skills.In other cases,parents who micromanage their children，s college educationmay take charge of al 1 financial decisions,leaving the student with littleidea of how his or her education is being financed.In J anuary the Higher Education Financial Wellness Alliance officiallycomes into being,the result of a 2019 summit that brought together 34 0attendees from 17 5 institutions.The group aims to help colleges find waysto remove barriers to students completing their degrees caused by poorfinancial planning and to promote lifelong financial skills.A lot of data shows that college students are financially stressed,saysPhil Schuman,director of financial literacy at Indiana University.Colleges are taking a number of approaches to help.In recent years IndianaUniversity has sent student borrowers a summary of where their studentloan amounts stand,including how much they would owe at graduation andwhat their monthly loan payments would be.The program has contributedto student loan borrowing at the university dropping by$126.4 million,about 19%,between 2012 and 2018,Mr.Schuman says.Innovative teachingmethods help keep students interested in the topic.One asks students toimagine their lives 10 years from now.They set up budgets,taking intoaccount what kind of job they have and their income,and household expensessuch as rent,utilities,and loan payments even the saving they11 setaside for their own childrens educations.Last year at Austin Community College in Texas,3,8 00 studentsparticipated in a financial planning workshop.Students could earn$25if they met with a financial coach and another$25 if they applied forFederal Student Aid from the U.S.Department of Education.These and othersuch programs are badly needed.Students,college educations will servethem better if they are accompanied by sound financial planning.查看材料2 1.【阅读理解 Part A To embrace a bright future,college studentsA.must have certain financial planning skills.B.had better be prepared for financial choices.C.should be able to effectively deal with anxiety.D.may bear the inevitable financial burden.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文首段，其前两句指出：大学生喜欢思考未来令人满意的职业和幸福的生活。但如果没有良好的财务规划，这些梦想可能会化为灰烬。下文接着指出缺乏理财计划会带来的影响。选项Amust havecertain financial planning skills.（必须拥有一些理财规划技能）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B意为最好为财务选择做好准备。表意模糊，未明确表达出文章想传达的意思，做好准备可以是在心理上的，也可以是在行动上的，故排除；选项 C意为应该能够有效地应对焦虑。该项所述内容原文未提及，故排除；选项 D意为可能会承担不可避免的经济负担。与题干所问无关，故排除。查看材料22.【阅读理解 Part A College students family education background ismentioned toA.stress the necessity of financial courses in school.B.encourage college students to major in finance.C.recommend parents to change the way they educate.D.show parents impact on children,s financial choices.正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文第四段，该段指出，许多大学生来自本身父母就缺乏财务规划技能的家庭；事无巨细地管理子女大学教育的父母可能会负责所有的财务决策，让学生不太清楚自己的教育经费是如何规戈呼 1。选项 D show parents impact on children，s f inancial choices.（显示父母对孩子财务选择的影响）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A意为强调学校金融课程的必要性。偷换概念，提及大学生自身的家庭教育背景是为了强调家庭财务教育背景的重要性，并非强调学校金融课程的必要性,故排除；选项 B意为鼓励大学生选择金融专业。major范围过广，文中表示学生应学习财务规划知识，但并未提及学生需要选择此专业，故排除；选项 C意为建议家长改变他们的教育方式。原文未提及，故排除。查看材料23.【阅读理解 Part A】The goal of the Higher Education Financial WellnessAlliance is toA.eliminate effects led by poor financial planning.B.help colleges survive in a time of financial crisis.C.learn financial management skills from attendees.D.recruit experienced people from institutions.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文第五段，文中指出：该联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法，以消除因财务规划不佳而导致学生不能完成学业的障碍，并提高他们的终身财务技能。选项 A eliminate effects led by poor financialplanning.(消除因财务规划不善导致的影响)与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B意为帮助高校渡过财务危机。该项所述内容原文未提及，故排除；选项 C意为向与会者学习财务管理技能。该联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法，并未明确指出如何帮助，故排除；选项 D意为从机构招聘有经验的人。该项所述内容原文未提及experiencedpeople,故排除。查看材料24 .【阅读理解 Part A According to the author,it is feasible toA.carry out more activities related to financial planning.B.train more financial coaches for college students.C.increase investment in financial planning programs.D.tailor a financial plan for college students.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】题干询问下列哪一项可行。原文最后一段提到了财务规划 研 讨 会(financial planning workshop),最后两句指出,这些规划和其他此类规划非常必要。如果学生有良好的财务计划，他们的大学教育将为他们提供更好的服务。这些规划和其他此类规划非常必要，也就是说作者认为开展更多财务规划研讨会或类似活动是非常可行的。选项 A carry out more activitiesrelated to financial planning.(开展更多与财务规划相关的活动)与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 B意为为大学生培养更多的财务教练。此项为干扰项，所述与题干所问无关，故排除；选项 C意为增加对财务规划项目的投资。该项所述内容原文未提及，故排除；选项 D意为为大学生量身定做理财计划。该项所述内容量身定做(tailor)原文未提及，故排除。查看材料25 .【阅读理解 Part A Which of the following would be the best title forthe text?A.Customize Financial Plan for College StudentsB.Helping College Students Avoid Money DistressC.Set Up Financial Planning Courses in CollegesD.Developing Students,Lifelong Financial Skills正确答案：B参考解析：【厚题思路】原文首段指出大学生拥有良好财务规划的重要性；第二、三、四段指出大学生在高中时期缺乏财务知识教育，家庭教育背景也对其财务规划产生影响；第五段指出联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法；第六段指出高校正在采取多种方法来帮助大学生缓解财务上的压力；第七、八段举例说明大学生需要创新的教学方法来学习财务规划技能。综合以上分析可知，文章主要讲述学校帮助大学生学习财务规化，以帮助他们避免财务困境。选项 B Helping CollegeStudents Avoid Money Distress（帮助大学生避免财务困境）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项 A意为为大学生量身定制理财计划。“量身定制”与本文文意相去甚远，故排除；选项 C意为在大学开设理财课程。以偏概全，故排除；选项 D意为培养学生的终生财务技能。以偏概全，故排除。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题The recent crashes of two Boeing 7 37 Max 8 airliners provide a reminderof the difficult choices the world faces as it moves even faster towardintelligentv transportation systems.Though the exact causes of theair crashes are still to be determined,the inability to make a successfulshift from automated control to pilot control seems to be a common factor.That should be a useful lesson for almost all forms of transport beingbuilt to reduce the high costs of tragedies caused by human error.Whether in the air,on highways and raiIways,or on the water,thetransportation industry is undergoing a revolutionary transition in theuse of artificial intelligence.Fully autonomous vehicles are alreadybeing tested on roads.A year ago,a pedestrian in Tempe,Arizona,waskilled by a self-driving Uber car undergoing such a test.Despite thequestions that the tragedy raised,Tesla founder Elon Musk said recentlyhe was certain his“autopilot“cars would soon be able to fully operatehands-free.Such confidence is up against widespread fear.More than 7 0 percent ofAmerican drivers would be afraid to ride in a self-driving vehicle,according to an AAA poll.Despite those sentiments,the truth is thattechnology is constantly making travel safer and bringing down the deathtoll of decades past.The Canadian Pacific Railway says it will soon becomethe first rail line to use electromagnetic sensors to detect tiny cracksin rail car wheels that can lead to fractures and derailments.Partialautomation is already in newer automobiles,often equipped with featuressuch as lane-change warnings and controls that keep a certain distancefrom a vehicle ahead.Half of the cars sold in the United States todaya