2023年人教版高中英语必修五知识点练习及答案.pdf
高中英语新课标必修五un i t 1 知识点 Gre a t scie n tists一、知识点1.Whi c h scie n ti s t d isc o ver e d t h at objects in w ater are li f t e d up by a f o r c e t h at he i ps themf lo a t?哪位科学家发现了水里的东西被帮助以浮动的力举起?in w a t e r 定语,修饰ob j ects,a force之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句。lift u p 拿起,举起,升起He li f t up his lit t le son,and m o unted h i m on th e h o rse.他把小儿子举起来,让他骑在马背上。To c a 1 1 b a ck t h e b o y from a distance,the f a t he r h a d to lift u p hi s voice.为了把儿子从远处叫回来,父亲不得不提高嗓子喊。2.W h o us e d p e a s to show how phys i cal c h a r a c t eri s t i c s ar e passed f r o m p a r e n t s toth eirchi 1 dren?谁用豌豆显示了身体特性是如何从父母传延到孩子的?A characte r i s tic o f t h e c ame 1 is its a bil i t y to 1 i v e fbr a long time wit h o u t w a t e r.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。with h i s c h a ra c teris tic en t hu s i a s m 以他特有的热t tTh e let t e r p a ssed fr o m o n e t o another un t i 1 e ver y one h a d re a d i t,那封信逐个传阅,直到每个人都看过为止。A c cor d ing to h e r will,w h en th e o 1 d lady di e s,h e r m o ney wi 1 1 p as s to h e r gr a nd son.根据老太太的遗嘱,她去世时,她的钱将遗留给她的孙子。3.Wh o p u t forward a theory a b out bl a ck holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论?put forw ard提出建议,拨快(钟等).They p u t f orw a rd s o me n e w i d e as on th e subject.他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。p u t的常用词组有:putas i de节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把.放 在 一 边 putaw ay储存(钱);放好p u t b a c k 拨 慢 搁 置 put dow n放下;记下;击败;使(飞机)着陆;put o ff延期;推迟 put o n 上演;穿上;戴 上 p u t o u t熄灭;关掉;扑灭put t h rough接通电话;完毕put up w i th 忍受;忍耐 pu t in t o a c ti o n/effe c t/prac t ice 实行;实行4.What do you know abou t infectious d i seases sue h a s c h olera?关于传染病你了解什么,比如霍乱?Co 1 d s a r e i n f e ctio u s,and s o ar e s om e ey e d ise a ses.感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。Its more use f u 1 to 1 e arn mode r n lang u a ges,s u ch as Engl i sh and German.学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。5.so famo u s,in d e e d,th a t he a t t ended Que e n V i ctoria t o ease the birth o f her ba b i es.他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生W h ic h docto r is att e ndin g y o u?哪一个医生为你看病?at t e n d a meeting lecture 出席会议 听演讲,听课a t t e nd a wed d i ng a f u ne r al 参与婚礼 葬礼a t t e nd s c hoo 1 c h u r ch 上学 教堂ease用作动词,意思是“减轻;消除;舒缓;放松”,表达消除某人的痛苦时用结构ease sb.of s th.;也可以用作名词,意 为“舒适;自在;不拘束;容易”。Thes e p ills wi 1 1 ease the headache.这些药丸会减轻头疼。W a Ik i ng h elp e d to ease him of his pain.他散 了散步减轻了 一些痛苦。Her w o rd s g a v e ea s e to my d i s t ra c ted mind.我心神不宁,她的话使我宽心。e a s e 作名词时的常见搭配:at e a s e 放松;自如;不拘束 be/f e el at ease感 到 舒 适 ill at ease不自在;感到拘束 pu t/s e t sb.a to n e sea s e 使某人感到舒适、不拘束 with ease容易地;无困难地T he doc t o r g av e him some pa i nk i 1 le r s to e as e the pain.医生给了 他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。I d o nt f e el at ease in th e s t r a n g e p l a c e.在这个陌生的地方,我觉得很不自在。6.pe o p 1 e e x pose d to c h olera.得了霍乱的老百姓是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰p e opleo相称于定语从句wh i c h were e x po s e d to c holeraoe xpose的意思是“暴露;揭露;使曝光”,常与介词to 连用,表 达“使暴露于(日光、风雨等);受到风险;使面临”的意思。Th e soil w as was h e d away by t he flood,ex p osi n g bare r o c k.泥土被洪水冲走,露出光秃秃的石头。The b a b y was left e xp o s e d t o th e w i nd a nd rai n.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。The sol d i e r s in the o p e n f ie 1 d a r e e xp o s ed t o the e nemy,s Ere.空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。7.t he most d e adly dise a se i n its day.在当时是最致命的疾病d ead 1 y ad j.致命的,势不两立的,死一般的,极度的,必然的adv.如死一般地,极度地;非常地F og is t h e sail o rs de a d 1 y e n emy.雾是航海者最致命的敌人。deadly seri o u s.极其严重8.So ma n y thousand s of t err i f i e d peo p 1 e d ied ev e r y tim e the r e w a s an ou t brea k.每当(疾病)突发时,总有成千的人死去。本句是一个复合句,every t i m e 引导的是一个时间状语从句,意 思是“每当”,相 称 于“when”。此外,此状语从句中尚有一个there be”结构。类似用法的副词和短语有“direc t ly(一就),i mmed i a t ely(一就),in s tantly(一就),the mi n ute(一.就),t h e moment(一.就),t he s e co n d(一.就),ea c h(e v ery)t i me(每当),n e x t t im e(下次.时),th e 1 a st t ime(上次.时)等。She wen t to see h im d i rec t ly s h e got th e 1 etter.她一收到信就去他了。Immedi a t e ly th e me al w as over,he swi tc h e d o n the r a d i o.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。S he c a me to t h e s cene the m o m e nt sh e hear d of th e a ccid e n t.她一听说发生 了事故,就立刻到现场来了。Th e 1 a s t time we t a Ike d h e sa i d he n e eded ano t he r two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。9.The se c o n d s ugges t ed t h a t peop 1 e a b s o r b e d this dis e a se i nt o t heir b odies wi t h their meals.第二种见解是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。I s ug g est t hat y ou di d n o t cat c h the 8 oc 1 ock trai n,b ut t h a t you caught th e 8.2 5 train.你没有搭 8 点钟的火车,而是搭的8 点 2 5 分的车。H e sugges t ed goi n g out for a w a 1 k.=He s u g gested that we(sho u Id)g o ou t fo r a walk.他建议出去走走。ab s o rb 的意思是“吸取;吸引;使专心;合并;吞并”,常用be a b sorbe d in s t h.表 达“专心于某事”。Cl e v er c h i 1 d r en ab s or b kn o wledge e a s il y.聪明孩子容易吸取知识。Aspir i n is quic k ly absorbed b y/into the b ody.阿司匹林不久被身体吸取了。He i s abs o r be d i n his business.他专心致志的解决业务。be a b sorb e d b y被.吞并;为.所 吸 取 abso r b in t o 吞并;吸.到.a b sor b o n e s attenti o n 吸引某人注意ab s o r b one s t i m e占用某人的时间10.the a ff e c te d pe r s o n 患者 be a f fected by hea t col d 中 暑 着凉H e w a s deeply affect e d by my words.他听 了我的话很受感动。11.S o w hen a n other outb r ea k hi t London i n 1854,J o hn S now w as r e ad y to test t h es e two th eo ri es.因此,在 1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱的时候,约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。be r e a dy t o d o st h 乐于做,准备做W e w e re all h i t by t he dep r e ssion.我们都受到了不景气的影响。Pri c e i ncr e as e s hit e v e ryo n es pocket.物价上,张冲击了每个人的钱袋。Strik e waves hit sever a 1 Western Eu r op e an c ountr i e s.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。12.,the c h o 1 e r a outb r eak was s o se v e r e t hat more than 500 people h ad d i e d in 10 days.霍舌 L流行得很严重,在 10天之内就死去了 50 0 多人。se v e re 用作形容词,当它的意思为“严重的;严厉的”时,和 ser i ou s 相近;当它的意思为“严厉的;严格的”时,与 stric t相近,常用 结 构 be s ev e re o n(u p o n)/with sb.表 达“对某人严厉或严格“;此外它尚有“剧烈的;锋利的;朴素的”的意思。The dr o ught is becoming i n c r ea s i n gly s ev e re.旱灾日趋严重。He is se v e r e wi t h his children.和对子女很严格。Y o u a reto o se v e re o n (up on)th e boy.你对那个男孩太严厉了。I fel t a se v e r e p ain i n t h e c h e s t.我感至U 胸口剧烈疼痛。表 达“伤势严重”要用severe,不用se r i o us;但 指“疾病严重”时.,两者都可与il 1 ness连接。Sh e re c e i ved sev e re head in j u ri e s i n the a cc i d en t.在事故中她的头部受了重伤。(此句不可用se riou s)I was la i d up for si x weeks wi t h a se v ere/serious i 1 1 n es s.由于重病,我卧床六个星期。1 3.The map ga v e a va 1 ua b le clu e about the cau s e o f t h e di s e a s e.这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。valua b l e 的意思是“贵重的;有很大价值的;有用的;有帮助的”,其名词形式为value。I ha v e a val u able coll e c t i o n o f p a in ting.我有一批很有价值的画。T h is b ook is valuable t o/f o r students o f En g 1 i s h.这本书对学英语的学生很用。v a 1 u a b 1 e,val u el e ss,i n v a l u a b le,priceless 与 worthle s s 的用法区别:(l)v a luable,pr i c e less,inv a luab 1 e 这三个词意思同样,都表达“贵重的;无价的”的意思。pr i c e 1 e s s 意思 为“无价的;价值连城的,用于加强语气,加深限度等情况;比v a luable的限度更强。in v a l u a bl e 的意思是“无法估价的;无 价 的 ,不用于形容价值或金钱,而是指质或品质。(2)val u el e ss,wor t h les s 这两个词意思同样,表 达“无价值的,无用的”的意思,wor t hless是个常用词,va1 uel e ss很少用。T he jew e 1 is of great val u e,and it is pricele s s.这珠宝很有价值,是无价之宝。T h i s an c ien t g old coin is n t j u s t v alu a ble,i t,s p r icele s s.这枚古代金币不仅贵重,并且价值连城。Y o u r adv i ce i s inva 1 uabl e to us.你的建议对我们来说是非常珍贵的。The dr a w ing is of no valu e,and it is wort h 1 e s s.这画没有价值,它没有用。I t looke d 1 i ke gold,but i n f a ct it was w o rthless(valueless).这看起来像金子,其实毫无价值。1 4.It s eemed t he water was t o b 1 ame.看来水是罪魁祸首。b l a m e 用作动词,意 为“责备;责怪;归咎于”的意思。常用结构为blame sb for s t h./b 1 am e s t h on s b(把某事归咎于某人),be to blam e fb r sth(应受责备;对某坏事应负责任),此句就使用这种结构。D o nt blame it o n h im,bu t o n m e.别怪他,该怪我。They b 1 am e d t h e seer e tar y f o r the delay of the p la n.他们怪罪秘书导致计划延误。T h e driver w a s n o t to b 1 ame f o r the t r a ffic a cciden t.那次交通事故不应当责怪司机。b l ame也可用作名词,意 为“责任;责怪”。常见搭配有:bear/take/acc e pt/g et t h e bl a me f o r s th.(对某事承担责任)Jay/put th ebl a me for s t h on s b(把某事归咎于某人)。We should ta k e the blame f or our f a il u r e.我们应当承担失败的责任。We shouldn,tlay t h e blam e f o r our fai 1 u r eo n h i m.我们不应当把失败归咎于他15.,look in t o t h e sou r ce o f t h e w a ter调查水源 loo k into 调查,观测16.slow d o w n (使)慢下来,放慢速度,减速17.in additi o n 此外,加之,此外,可以用在句子开头,可以用于句末。和 besid e s 意思相同,但 b esi d e s 不能用在句尾。In a ddit i o n,th e r e w as a cro p f ailure i n ma n y pr o v i n c e s.此外,许多省份粮食歉收。The man worke d him sixteen hours a day and b eat h i m i n addition.那人让他天天工作 16 小时,并且还打他。(2)in addi tio n t。的意思是“除了外(尚有)”,可用于句首,也可置于句子后部,相称于beside s,ap ar t f r om。In a d diti o n to g iv in g him some ad v ice,I gav e h im th irty d o Ila r s.我向他提出忠告,又给了他30美元。He can g e t twenty d ollars,extra income ev e ry mo n t h in a d ditio n t o hi s s al a r y.除工资外,他每月还可得到2 0 美元的收入。18.be 1 i nk e d t o 与.有关联l i n k 在此句中用作动词,意 为“连接;联系”,常用结构lin k to/w ith意思是“将和连接或联系起来 Jink up意 为“连接或连接起来”;也可用作名词,意 为“环;连接;联系;纽带”。The high way 1 in k s Shangh a i t o/with Beijing.这条公路连接上海和北京。A r ai 1 way 1 in k s u p the two town s.这两个城乡由一条铁路连接起来。Your st o r y link s up with h i s.你所说的和他所说得能联系的起来。A lot of l i n k s fitted to g et h er f o rm a c h a i n.许多链环连在一起组成链条。01 d friend s a re a 1 i nk w i th th e pas t.老朋友是连接往事的纽带。(1)J o i n 指的是任何事物的直接连接,连接的限度可紧可松,还能分开之意。常用结构jo in t。,jo in uP。(2)c o nnect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来,事物的特性还保持,常表达与技术有关的连接和火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connectwi t h/t o o(3)c o mbin e 着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同目的而结合在一起,结合后本来部分也许仍不改变或失其本性,常用结构comb i newi t h。(4)unite强调紧密地结成一体,含很难分开之意,常用结构unitewith。P l e a s e join t his p o le to t hat o n 已请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来Th i s fl i ght c o nnects w i th New York o n e.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一班机。We sh o u ld c o m b in e t h e o ry w i th practic e.我们应当理论联系实际。The t wo b i g c omp a nies plan to u ni t e.两家大公司计划联合起来。19.sh e h a d had i t del i v e r e d f r om t h e pum p t o her house 她派人从水泵打水运到家里。d e liv e r st h.to sb.把某物交付给某人deliv e r a me s s a ge带信,传话20.W ith this e x t r a ev i dence,J ohn S now was able to a n n o un c e w i t h cert a i n t y t ha tpo 1 1 u t ed water c a rri e d t he d i s e a s e.有了这个提别的证据,约翰斯诺就可以肯定地宣布,这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。The captain an n ounc e d t h at t h e plane was g oing to 1 a n d.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。It c an b e said with cer t a i n ty t hat English is p r etty impor t ant nowaday s.可以肯定地说,英语在当今社会里相称重要。2 1.T o p r e v e n t t h i s fr o m h ap pen i ng a g ain,J o hn Snow s ugges te d th a t the source of all w a t e r suppl i es b e ex a mined and new methods of d ea 1 i n g with pollu t ed water b e f oun d.为了防止这种情况的再度发生,约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要通过检测并且要找到解决污水的新方法。To p r ev e n t为表达目的的不定式短语;p re v e n t(f r om)d o in g s t h意 为“阻止 做某事”,其中 prevent可 与 stop,k e e p 互换;sug g est表 达“建议”的,其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”,句中的sh o ul d 被省略了。22.T he wat e r com p ani e s w e re al s o in s tr u c ted n ot t o exp o se peo p le to p o 1 1 u ted wat e r anymore.自来水公司也接到指令,不能在让人们接触被污染的水了。in stru c t意思为“命令;指示;叮嘱;吩咐;教导(专家知识或技术);训练”o 其名词形式为in s tru c t or(教员;教练)和 in s tru c tion(命令;指示;说明)The tea c he r i n s tru c ted h i m to sta r t ea r 1 y.老师命令他早动身V ve b een i n structed to wai t h er e un t il the 1 e ctur e r a r rives.我得到指示在这儿等到讲课老师到来。He instr u c t s a class in his t ory.他专家一个班的历史(ins t r u ct in)Read the in s tructio n s o n the po c k e t.看一下袋子上的说明。辨析 instruct,o rder,demand d i r e c t:in stru c t指出对的的方式以教导;ord e r 意 为“命 令 ;d e m a n d 指强烈地“规定”;d irect表 达”指示;盼望;服从”。23.be similar to 与.相似,类似What I am go i n g to s a y to y o u wo u Id be s i m i 1 a r t o wha t y o u ar e g oin g to tel 1 me.我想对你说的话,类似于你想对我说的话.24.cone 1 ude用作动词,意 为“结束;推论;推断,常 用 conclu d e by doing/w i t h s t h.表 达“以.而结束“;conclude f rom 表 达 从.推出结论”的意思,to conclu d e 表 达“最后”的意思,相称于意思名词短语 in c o nclusi o noHe con c 1 u ded h i s spe e ch with/b y readin g a p o e m.他朗诵一首诗结束了他的演讲。Wh a t do you con c lude from l h ese fa c ts.从这些事实中你得出什么结论?The do c tor con c lu d e d tha t t he p atie n t s disease was canc e r.医生断定病人患的是癌症。To c o n c lu d e/!n c one 1 usion,I w i s h yo u all good healt h an d a l o n g li f e.最后,祝大家健康长寿。draw(arri v e a t/come t o/r each)a concl u s i o n“得出结论”,j u mp t o a c o nclusion意 为“草率地得出结论,c oncl u s i o n 后可接that从句。25.cont r ibu t e 的意思是“捐赠;奉献;投稿;提供”。常用短语con tr i bute t o 意思是“有助于;有益于;促 成 o 其名词为contri b u t ion意思是“捐献:奉献:投稿”,常用make a c on t r i bu t ion to/towa r ds,表 达“对作奉献”的意思。Everyon e sho u Id c ontribute th r ee d ollars to t h e Re d C ros s.每位工人捐了 3 美元给红十字会。E veryon e should c o n t r ibut e what h e or sh e c an a f f or d.人人都应当尽自己的能力做奉献。I ve b e en asked to c o n tr ib u te a n artic 1 e to t h e 1 a ngu a ge ma g a z i n e.有人请我给那份语言杂志撰篇稿。F r es h a i r an d ex e rcis e contr i bu t e t o g o od hea 1 t h.新鲜空气和锻炼有益与健康。Does smok i n g c o n t ributed to 1 un g canc e r?吸烟会导致肺癌吗?H e made a n o utsta n di n g c ontribut i on t o scie n ce.他对科学作出了 卓越的奉献。26.a p a r t fro m 除.以 外(exc e p t f o r);除.外,尚有(be s ide s)Apart f rom bei n g short,Tom is smart.除了个子矮了点,Tom 还是挺帅气的。A p a rt f rom th e cos t,it w i l l t ake a 1 o t of time.除了花费钱以外,它还需要不少时间。27.由 mak e 构成的词组1)b e made up o f 组成Tw o thir d s o f t he e a rth,s s ur f ac e is made up of v ast o cean.2)mak e a b a rgain with sb:与某人成交3)mak e a d ec i sion 做出决定W e m u s 11 o ok ahead b e f o re w e m a k e a decisi o n.4)make a d ifference有影响,起(重要)作用5)make a d ive fo r 向.猛冲The dog made a dive f o r t h e b o ne.6)make a face 做鬼脸T h e s tudent m a d e a f a c e when t he t e a c her t umed b a c k.7)make a fire 生火8)make a 1 iving 谋生He b e g a n to make a 1 i v ing by h imself w h e n he was ten.9)make a p r o m i se 许诺言F ather made a p r omi s e to buy me a n e w c o mputer10)make a n a p ology to IRI.道歉He apologize d/made an a p ol o g y to h e r.1 1 )make fo r 走向,前往They set of f by c ar a nd mad e fbr th e nearest tow n.1 2)make fri e nds 交朋友13)m a ke it成功,及时达成Af t er h a r d-workin g.we m a de i t at la s t.1 4)make mon e y 赚钱To ma k e m oney in th e n e w e r a,fol 1 ow the flow of informat io n.1 5)make one s way排除困难前进A ft e r t he film ende d we made o u r way o ut of cinema.1 6)m a ke o u t 认出,理解We m a d e o u ta f ig u r e in t he d arkn e s s.It s diffic u It to m a ke out hi s ide a s.17)m akeprogre ss进步With th e t eac h er*s help,I h a v e made much pro g ress.1 8)m a k e rep a irs 修理The y are m a k i ng repa i rs i n that buildin g19)m a k e room for.腾地方Wo u Id y o u 1 i k e to m a k e room f o r th e old 1 ady?20)m a k e s ure21)mak e the be d2 2)ma k e th e best o f 尽量运用Mother d id n t e n j o y his j o b,b u t s h e made th e b est of it23)make up组成;化妆;打扮;补充;填补;编造;捏造G r e at B ritain an d Northern I r el a n d make up the United K in g dom.11 t o o k he r m o re th a n on e hou r to m a ke up fo r t he p a rtyOu1 o s se s h a v e t o be made u p with mor e lo a ns.T he wh o le story is made u p24)make u p for 填补W e must make u p f or the time wasted befor e.25)make up o n e s m i nd 下决心I hav e made u p m y mind to work harde r tha n be f o r e.26)m a ke us e of 运用We s h o u Id make f u 1 1 use of the bo o ks i n t he 1 i b r a ry2 8.a 1 1 h i s m a themat i cal ca 1 c ulations le d to the same co n clusi o n 他所有的数学计算都得出了相同的结论。lea d t o 导致;引向;通往 Th e r o ad lea d s to the f oot of t h e h i ll.这条路通往山脚下。29.Only i f y o u p u tth e sun there d id the mom e nt s of the o th e r p la n e t s i n the sky mak e se nse.只有你把太阳放在那儿,天空中其它行星的运动才干说地清楚。以。n ly 引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时,为了加强语气,句子需要部分倒装。O n 1 y by w o rking hard can we s u ccee d.只有通过努力工作,我们才干取得成功。mak e sense讲得通;有道理 Your story doesnJ t m a ke sens e t o m e.你编的故事我听不明白。假如想表达某人所说的话或建议,没道理、行不通。我们经常说:It d o e s n,tm ak e any sense.3 0.T h e prob 1 e m a r o se because astr o n o mers h a d no t i c