2023年高考英语二轮复习教案阅读理解02推理判断含解析.pdf

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义阅读理解解 密0 2推理判断的复习要点【构建知识体系】推理判断题考 点 1 引申推断题考点2 文章来源题考点3 读者对象题考点4 观点态度题考点5 预测推断题考点6 目的意图题【英语学科素养解读】题型解读命题要求素养解读要求考生阅读4 篇短主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意文，从每题所给的4 个选考查和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细项中选出最佳选项。题材主旨大意、节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解广泛，包括科普、社会、细节理解、全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑文化、政治、经济等多方推理判断、方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要面内容。体裁多样，以记词义猜测、高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。叙文、议论文、说明文为篇章结构主。等.【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向2023年命题解读和近年考点再现推理判断题考点1引申推断题1.D【2022 新高考I 卷】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common m and a tothe rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more commonthan others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite ledto new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds calledlabiodentals,such as F and v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softerfoods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）,making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are fanned by touching the lower lip to theupper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构），making it easier to producesuch sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculturein the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to doas much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the soundof world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of f and4 V9 increasing remarkablyduring the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of manyhunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present whenhuman beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.The set of speech sounds we use has notnecessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety ofspeech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biologicalchange and cultural evolution,44 said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.15.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.It is key to effective communication.B.It contributes much to culturaldiversity.C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of humanbeings.【答案】15.C【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。15.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarilyremained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speechsounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological changeand cultural evolution,said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。2.B 12021英语全国甲卷】Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding（繁育）programme,has welcomed the arrival ofa rare black rhino calf（犀牛幼崽）.When the tiny creature arrived on January 31,she became the40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with thenew arrival,especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port Lympne,said:Obviously were all absolutelydelighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.She*s healthy,strong and alreadyeager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio,is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.ICs still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,but as soon as the weather warms up,Ihave no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve,but it is tooearly to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be bom at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima andweighed about 32kg.His mother,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserveand still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population has dropped as lowas 5500,giving the rhinos a critically endangered status.7.What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the animals.C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【答案】7.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。7.推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make goodcandidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild（要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早）”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D 项。3.C【2021 英语全国甲卷】When I was 9,we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on agray January morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without mybeloved beaches and endless bluesky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made adiscovery.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where thecontinuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.1 loved it.I soon made friends with thelocal skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）,I fell onto thestones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:Safe,man.Safe.A fewminutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:44 Safe!Safe!SafeA nd that,s what matteredlanding tricks,being a good skater.When I was 15,my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there,but the localswere far less welcoming.Within a couple of years,Fd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank,spendinghours there.Pve traveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The day wascold but clear:tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving（穿梭）among thekids who rushed by on their boards,I found my way to the beam.Then a railthin teenager,in abaggy white T-shirt,skidded（滑）up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice theman next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.4tI was a local here 20 years ago,“I toldhim.Then,slowly,he began to nod his head.Safe,man.Safe.,“Yeah,“I said.Safe.”8.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had disagreements with his family.【答案】8.A【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。8.推理判断题o 根据第段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.（除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措户可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选Ao4.D【2021 英语全国甲卷】Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly:Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol forgenius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it thatsome people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most often white men,of Europeanorigin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.Ifs said that history is written by the victors,and thosevictors set the standards fbr admission to the genius club.When contributions were made bygeniuses outside the club-women,or people of a different color or belieithey wereunacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six,girls are less likely thanboys to say that members of their gender（性别）are“really,really smart,Even worse,the studyfound that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be fbrchildren who are really,really smart.,Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers becomediscouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Heres the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,were allpositioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look,the more we willsee that social factors（因素）like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world.”13.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs【答案】13.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式,不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。13.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief.Aroundage six they start to avoid activities said to be fbr children who are really,really smart.”（更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动）”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子 做的事情。故 选D。5.B【2021 全 国高考乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes stillpaying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesntown a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyonecan make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）.Of those Australians whostill have a landline,a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as asecurity blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case ofemergencies.I think my home foils into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age isnaturally a factor（因素）一 only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50years.Age isnt the only factor;Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families,like my wife and I,can still find it convenient to have ahome phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.That said,to behonest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,to the pointwhere we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller IDwould take the fun out of it）.How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gas street lampsand morning milk deliveries?27.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.C.It may increase daily expenses.D.It is as important as the gas light.【答案】27.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。27.推理判断题。根据文章最后段“How attached are you to your landline?How long until theygo the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?（你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？户可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B 项。6.D【2021全国高考乙卷】During an interview for one of my books,my interviewer said something I still think aboutoften.Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office,he said,Thats why I have amembership at the co-working space across the street so I can fbcus.His comment struck meas strange.After all,co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）.But Irecently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests ofcreative thinking.They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noiselevels in the background,from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）,70 decibels,and 85 decibels.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;however,theparticipants in the 70 decibels group those exposed to a level of noise similar to backgroundchatter in a coffee shop significantly outperformed the other groups.Since the effects weresmall,this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to totalsilence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant,the study also suggests that the rightlevel of background noise-not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve onescreative thinking ability.The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns ofthinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,without making it impossible to focus.This kind of distracted fbcus appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices?The problem may be that,in our offices,wecant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to fbcus.Indeed,the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creativeprocess,and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while alsoproviding freedom from interruptions.35.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.Hes a news reporter.B.Hes an office manager.C.Hes a professional designer.D.Hes a published writer.【答案】35.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。3 5.推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books,my interviewer saidsomething I still think about often.（在一次采访我的本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）“可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D 项。7.C【2021全国新高考I 卷】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and landswere alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of theseprecious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers whofollowed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl（水 禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatlyreducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act（Act）,an increasinglyconcerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl andthe wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age andover must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stampwas designed by J.N.Ding”Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at thattime was appointed by President