英语四级考试阅读笔记.pdf

英语四级考试阅读笔记(9)Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:16.According to the author,the sonar system of bats is an example of the ideat ha t.A)this is the age of technological triumphsB)modern machines are inefficientC)living mechanisms are often more efficient than man-made machinesD)artificial imitations are always less efficient than living mechanisms17.The author suggests that the sonar system of b a t s.A)was at the height of its perfection 50 million years agoB)is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be berefinedC)should have been discovered by man many years agoD)is the same as it was 50 million years ago18.Echo location in this article means t he.A)location of echoesC)scientific term for sound wavesD)ability to locate unseen objects by echoes19 This article was written to illustrateA)the deficiencies of man-made sonarB)the dependence of man upon animalsC)that we are living in a machine ageD)that the sonar system of bats is remarkable20.The following is the main point of the article:A)A bat will catch hundreds of insects in a single hour.B)There is a perfection in nature which sometimes can not be matched bymans creative efforts.C)The phrase blind as a bat is valid.D)Sonar and radar systems of man are inefficient.注：l.triumph胜利，成功2.it is well to 有必要4.第一句主题句：天然胜于人工artificial人工的5.illustration例证，本段末句强烈结论Of course,the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine theirsonar.Their physiological mechanisms for echo location,based on all thisaccumulated experience,therefore deserve our thorough study and analysis.注：1.refine提炼、改善2.二段首句是对首段末句的解释3.50 million years对应的是第17小题17.The author suggests that the sonar system of batsA)was at the height of its perfection 50 million years agoB)is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be berefinedC）should have been discovered by man many years agoD）is the same as it was 50 million years ago注：B 选项体现一段结尾和二段开头，应该优选，含有关系词because,although,not only.but also,as well as 的应该优选To appreciate the precision of the bats echo location,we must first consider thedegree of their reliance upon it.Thanks to sonar,an insect-eating bat can get alongperfectly well without eyesight.This was brilliantly demonstrated by the Italiannaturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani.He caught some bats in a bell tower,blinded them andreleased them outdoors.Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they hadfound their ways back to the bell tower,and on examining their stomachs contents,Spallanxani found that they had been able to capture and eat flying insects.We knowfrom experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night,even when theinsects make no sound that can be heard by human ears.A bat will catch hundreds ofsoftbodied silent flying insects in a single hour.It will even detect and chase pebbles（卵石）tossed（向上扔）into the air.注：1.第二句 Thanks to sonar.结果句2.get along 生活 get along with 相处3.blind蒙住眼睛4.We know from.结果句5.末句为细节16.According to the author,the sonar system of bats is an example of the ideat ha t.A)this is the age of technological triumphsB)modern machines are inefficientC)living mechanisms are often more efficient than man-made machines英语四级考试阅读笔记(18)文章标题题型：1.文章主题词必须在选项中出现2.选项范围恰如其分，不可过大，亦不可过于细节范围过大：选项本身范围过大；选项缺少文章中的限定词范围过细：只出现某一段中心事物的选项3.直接从文章首句或某句话摘抄词语编成的选项为干扰Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:51.In the first paragraph,the writer tells us that statuses can help usA)determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB)behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC)protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD)make friends with other people注：status身份地位52.According to the writer,people often assume different statusesA)in order to identify themselves with othersB)in order to better identify othersC)as their mental processes changeD)as the situation changes注：assume承担，采 取 assuming在句首相当于if53.The word appraisal(Line 5,Para.2)most probably means A)involvementB)appreciationC)assessmentD)presentation注：词汇题54.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the pronoun it refers toII IIA)fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB)identification of other peoples statusesC)selecting ones own statusesD)constant mental process大学英语四级考试阅读笔记汇总55.By saying that an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinesepeasant or that of a Hindu prince(Lines 2-3,Para.3),the writer means.A)different people have different styles of clothesB)ready-made clothes may need alterationsD)our choice of statuses is limitedStatuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with oneanother and to determine where we fit in society.As we go about our everydaylives,we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses.For example,we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian,whetherthe telephone caller is a friend or a salesman,whether the unfamiliar person on ourproperty is a thief or a meter reader,and so on.注：L 首句主题句2.fit加了引号，意义有所改变3.property财产，尤指房产The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter,and changethroughout life.Most of us can,at very high speed,assume the statuses that varioussituations require.Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selectingamong appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses inrelation to us.This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on aconstant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.Although some of us findthe task more difficult than others,most of us perform it rather effortlessly.注：1.1 am nobody 我是无名之辈;somebody 大人物；I am small/big potato我是小/大人物；2.this means解释上一句，所以这句与上一句难句意思应该接近3.mental process 思维过程4.effortlessly毫不费力的52.According to the writer,people often assume different s t a t u s e s.A)in order to identify themselves with othersB)in order to better identify othersC)as their mental processes changeD)as the situation changes注：different对应第第二段中的various,该题应为第二段第一句改写53.The word appraisal(Line 5,Para.2)most probably means A)involvementB)appreciationC)assessmentD)presentation注：词汇题。一种心理活动，A 涉及，B 感激，C 评价，D 成交，故排除非心理活动A 项和D 项，采用代入法可排除B 项54.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the pronoun it refers toII IIA)fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB)identification of other peoples statusesC)selecting ones own statusesD)constant mental process注：指代题。二段末句中的前半句中的the task,而task又指代的是前边一句中提到的内容注：1.四级文章比喻、类比相当于举例。举例常为细节，服务于结论，速读2.rack衣架3.本段首句和末句之外都是举例部分55.By saying that an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinesepeasant or that of a Hindu prince(Lines 2-3,Para.3),the writer means.A)different people have different styles of clothesB)ready-made clothes may need alterationsD)our choice of statuses is limited注：1.文章最后一句2.考举例一定不是考举的例子本身，一定是考从中抽象出来的大结论。51.In the first paragraph,the writer tells us that statuses can help usA)determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB)behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC)protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD)make friends with other people注：1.重点第一句和第二句，第一句话说明身份地位的功能：使我们对他人的言谈举止恰如其分2.首句中的get along with是指与某人相处,get well along w ith和睦相处3.A 项中的fit 与文中的fit意思不同Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with oneanother and to determine where we fit in society.As we go about our everydaylives,we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses.For example,we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian,whetherthe telephone caller is a friend or a salesman,whether the unfamiliar person on ourproperty is a thief or a meter reader,and so on.英语四级考试阅读笔记(6)Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:36.In the passage the authors attitude towards mixed-ability teaching isA)critical B)questioningC)approving D)objective37.By held back(Line 1)the author meansA)made to remain in the same classesB)forced to study in the lower classesC)drawn to their studiesD)prevented from advancing.38.The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be the developmentof the s t u d e n t s.A)personal qualities and social skillsB)total personalityD)intellectual ability39.Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A)Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together withothers.B)Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C)Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizers.D)Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.40.The authors purpose of writing this passage is toA)argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classC)offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD)emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching主题题型:1.主题句：一段首、末句、二段首句2.一般主题句为一段首句，以下情况下出现在一段末句或者二段首句a.发生转折时Page 9 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or insome other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it,the first step is topresent the warranty（保单），or any other records which might help,at the store ofpurchase.In most cases,this action will produce results.However,if it does not,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.Onthe contrary,both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that thereare many disadvantages in streaming（把.按能力分班）pupils.It does not take intoaccount the fact that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect onboth the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite discouraging tobe at the bottom of the top grade!注：第一句结论句，文章主题句Besides,it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual（1力）ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.We are concerned todevelop the abilities of all our pupils to the full,not just their academic ability.Wealso value personal qualities and social skills,and we find that mixed-ability teachingcontributes to all these aspects of learning.注：1.Besides 并 歹 U 关系，与We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把 按能力分班）pupils.”对应。2.value v.重 视 contribute t o 有贡献，有助于3.本段末句强烈结论句，后面跟着解释：为什么混班教学有帮助？注：to.to.to 列举语言现象，常 考 not mention题型和except题型，快速扫描列举部分，快读慢做题Sometimes the pupils work in pairs;sometimes they work on individual tasksand assignments,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have someformal class teaching when this is appropriate.We encourage our pupils to use thelibrary,and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently.Anadvanced pupil can do advanced work:it does not matter what age the child is.Weexpect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them everyencouragement to attain this goal.注：与第三段The pupils often work in groups并列来解释第三段首句work invarious ways36.In the passage the authors attitude towards mixed-ability teaching isA)criticalB)questioningC)approvingD)objective注：1.态度题，找直接评价语句，本文为第一句，正态度2.critical批评的，负 的 questioning质疑的，负的approving赞同的，正 的 objective客观的，中性的We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.Onthe contrary,both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that thereare many disadvantages in streaming(把.按能力分班)pupils.It does not take intoaccount the fact that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect onboth the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite discouraging tobe at the bottom of the top grade!37.By held back(Line 1)the author meansA)made to remain in the same classesB)forced to study in the lower classesC)drawn to their studiesD)prevented from advancing.注：词汇题，根据上下文关系来做We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.Onthe contrary,both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that thereare many disadvantages in streaming(把.按能力分班)pupils.It does not take intoaccount the fact that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect onboth the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite discouraging tobe at the bottom of the top grade!38.The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be the developmentof the studentsA)personal qualities and social skillsB)total personalityD)intellectual ability注：定位第二段，应选择 充分发展Besides,it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(1力)ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.We are concerned todevelop the abilities of all our pupils to the full,not just their academic ability.Wealso value personal qualities and social skills,and we find that mixed-ability teachingcontributes to all these aspects of learning.39.Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A)Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together withothers.B)Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C)Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizers.D)Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.注：看第三段列举：A 对应 co-operate,B 对应 think,analyze and evaluate,C 对 应 leadership skill,D 选项是窜段选项英语四级考试阅读笔记(15)Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:21.Teachers are different in their opinions aboutA)the difficulties in teaching spellingB)the role of spelling in general language developmentD)the necessity of teaching spelling22.The expression play safe probably meansA)to write carefullyB)to do as teachers sayC)to use dictionaries frequentlyD)to avoid using words one is not sure of23.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so thatA)students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB)teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC)students will have more confidence in writingD)students will learn to be independent of teachers24.The writer seems to think that the teachers judgement on that sensitivepiece of writing is.A)reasonableB)unfairC)foolishD)careless25.The major point discussed in the passage isA)the importance of developing writing skills注：1.第一段中间出现however,末句为主题句2.popular belief普遍观点，负态度3.ignor 忽 略=neglect=overlook,区别是：ignor(故意)overlook(忽略)4.give A priority over B 给 A 优先权5.confidently 自信的注：l.focal关注的，名词为focus焦点2.adventurous 冒险的3.content 内容，contend 包含4.technical ability 指的是 spelling22.The expression play safe probably meansA)to write carefullyB)to do as teachers sayC)to use dictionaries frequentlyD)to avoid using words one is not sure of注：文章第二段，该词出现在第一句，解释答案在第二句。考得是两句关系23.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so thatA)students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB)teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC)students will have more confidence in writingD)students will learn to be independent of teachers注：文章第二段，B,D选项文章未提到，可排除。定位此段末句，选 择A项I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about apersonal experience:This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible(难以辨认的)It may have been a sharp criticism of thepupils technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacherwho had omitted to read the essay,which contained so