英语综合考试阅读理解复习题.pdf

1Dr u n k e n-d r i v i n g s o m e t i m e s cal l e d Am e r i cas s o ci al l y acce p t e d f o r m o f m u r d e r -hasbe co m e a n at i o n al e p i d e m i c.Ev e r y ho u r o f e v e r y d ay abo u t t hr e e Am e r i can s o n av e r ag ear e k i 1 l e d by d r u n k e n d r i v e r s,ad d i n g u p t o an i n cr e d i bl e 250,000 o v e r t he p as td e cad e.A d r u n k e n d r i v e r i s u s u al l y d e f i n e d as o n e w i t h a 0.10 bl o o d al co ho l co n t e n t o r r o u g hl yt hr e e be e r s,g l as s e s o f w i n e o r s ho t s o f w hi s k y d r u n k w i t hi n t w o ho u r s.He av y d r i n k i n gu s e d t o be an acce p t abl e p ar t o f t he Am e r i can m acho i m ag e an d j u d g e s w e r e l e n i e n ti n m o s t co u r t s,bu t t he d r u n k e n s l au g ht e r has r e ce n t l y cau s e d s o m an y w e l l-p u bl i ci ze dt r ag e d i e s,e s p e ci al l y i n v o l v i n g y o u n g chi l d r e n,t hat p u bl i c o p i n i o n i s n o l o n g e rs o t o l e r an t.Tw e n t y s t at e s hav e r ai s e d t he l e g al d r i n k i n g ag e t o 21,r e v e r s i n g a t r e n d i n t he1960s t o r e d u ce i t t o 18.Af t e r N e w J e r s e y l o w e r e d i t t o 18,t he n u m be r o f p e o p l ek i l l e d by 18-20-y e ar-o l d d r i v e r s m o r e t han d o u bl e d,s o t he s t at e r e ce n t l y u p p e d i tback t o 21.Re f o r m e r s,ho w e v e r,f e ar r ai s i n g t he d r i n k i n g ag e w i l l hav e l i t t l e e f f e ct u n l e s sacco m p an i e d by e d u cat i o n al p r o g r am m e s t o he l p y o u n g p e o p l e t o d e v e l o p r e s p o n s i bl eat t i t u d e s“abo u t d r i n k i n g an d t e ach t he m t o r e s i s t p e e r p r e s s u r e t o d r i n k.To u g h n e w l aw s hav e 1 e d t o i n cr e as e d ar r e s t s an d t e s t s an d i n m an y ar e as al r e ad y,t o a m ar k e d d e cl i n e i n f at al i t i e s.So m e s t at e s ar e al s o p e n al i zi n g bar s f o r s e r v i n gcu s t o m e r s t o o m an y d r i n k s.A t av e r n i n Mas s achu s e t t s w as f i n e d f o r s e r v i n g s i x o rm o r e d o u bl e br an d i e s t o a cu s t o m e r w ho w as o bv i o u s l y i n t o x i cat e d“an d l at e r d r o v eo f f t he r o ad,k i l l i n g a n i n e-y e ar-o l d bo y.As t he f at al i t i e s co n t i n u e t o o ccu r d ai l y i n e v e r y s t at e,s o m e Am e r i can s ar e e v e nbe g i n n i n g t o s p e ak w e 11 o f t he 13 y e ar s n at i o n al p r o hi bi t i o n o f al co ho l t hat be g ani n 1919,w hi ch Pr e s i d e n t Ho o v e r cal l e d t he，zn o bl e e x p e r i m e n t”.The y f o r g e t t hat l e g alp r o hi bi t i o n d i d n t s t o p d r i n k i n g,bu t e n co u r ag e d p o l i t i cal co r r u p t i o n an d o r g an i ze dcr i m e.As w i t h t he bo o m i n g d r u g t r ad e g e n e r al l y,t he r e i s n o e as y s o l u t i o n.1.Dr u n k e n d r i v i n g has be co m e a m aj o r p r o bl e m i n Am e r i ca b ec a use.C A)m o s t Am e r i can s ar e he av y d r i n k e r sC B)Am e r i can s ar e n o w l e s s s ho ck e d by r o ad acci d e n t sC C)acci d e n t s at t r act s o m u ch p u bl i ci t yD)d r i n k i n g i s a s o ci al l y acce p t e d habi t i n Am e r i ca2.W hy has p u bl i c o p i n i o n r e g ar d i n g d r u n k e n d r i v i n g chan g e d?匚A)De t ai l e d s t at i s t i cs ar e n o w av ai l abl e.B)The n e w s m e d i a hav e hi g hl i g ht e d t he p r o bl e m.C)J u d g e s ar e g i v i n g m o r e s e v e r e s e n t e n ce s.D)Dr i v e r s ar e m o r e co n s ci o u s o f t he i r i m ag e.3.St at i s t i cs i s s u e d i n N e w J e r s e y s u g g e s t e d t hat ,A)m an y d r i v e r s w e r e n o t o f l e g al ag eB)y o u n g d r i v e r s w e r e o f t e n bad d r i v e r s匕0t he l e v e l o f d r i n k i n g i n cr e as e d i n t he 1960sD)t he l e g al d r i n k i n g ag e s ho u l d be r ai s e d4.Law s r e ce n t l y i n t r o d u ce d i n s o m e s t at e s hav eA)r e d u ce d t he n u m be r o f co n v i ct i o n sB)r e s u l t e d i n f e w e r s e r i o u s acci d e n t sC)p r e v e n t e d bar s f r o m s e r v i n g d r u n k e n cu s t o m e r sD)s p e ci f i e d t he am o u n t d r i v e r s can d r i n k5.W hy i s t he p r o bl e m o f d r i n k i n g an d d r i v i n g d i f f i cu l t t o s o l v e?A)Al co ho l i s e as i 1y o bt ai n e d.B)Dr i n k i n g i s 1 i n k e d t o o r g an i ze d cr i m e.C)Le g al p r o hi bi t i o n has al r e ad y f ai l e d.匚D)Le g i s l at i o n al o n e i s n o t s u f f i ci e n t.DBDBD2Lo s An g e l e s-Bi 11 J o y i s n o t a Lu d d i t e.He i s n o t af r ai d o f n e w t e chn o l o g y.As f o u n d e ran d chi e f s ci e n t i s t o f t he Si l i co n Vai l e y C o m p an y,he has be e n o n t he v an g u ar d o ft he hi g h t e ch r e v o l u t i o n f o r 20 y e ar s.Bu t r e ce n t l y J o y t o o k a g l i m p s e i n t o t he f u t u r ean d i t s car e d hi m t o d e at h.W hat he s aw w as a w o r l d i n w hi ch hu m an s hav e be e ne f f e ct i v e l y s u p p l an t e d by m achi n e s;a w o r l d i n w hi ch s u p e r p o w e r f u l co m p u t e r s w i t hat l e as t s o m e at t r i bu t e s o f hu m an i n t e l l i g e n ce m an ag e t o r e p l i cat e t he m s e l v e s an dd e v e l o p t he i r o w n au t o n o m y an d p e o p l e be co m e s u p e r f l u o u s an d r i s k be co m i n g e x t i n ct.I t m i g ht be ar g u e d t hat t he hu m an r ace w o u l d n e v e r be f o o l i s h e n o u g h t o han d o v e ral l t he p o w e r t o t he m achi n e s.Bu t w hat w e d o s u g g e s t i s t hat t he hu m an r ace m i g hte as i l y p e r m i t i t s e l f t o d r i f t i n t o a p o s i t i o n o f s u ch d e p e n d e n ce o n t he m achi n e st hat i t w o u l d hav e n o p r act i cal cho i ce bu t acce p t al 1 o f t he m achi n e s d e ci s i o n s.As s o ci e t y an d t he p r o bl e m s t hat f ace i t be co m e m o r e an d m o r e co m p l e x an d m achi n e sbe co m e m o r e an d m o r e i n t e l l i g e n t,p e o p l e w i l l l e t m achi n e s m ak e m o r e o f t he i rd e ci s i o n s f o r t he m.Ev e n t u al l y a s t ag e m ay be r e ache d at w hi ch t he d e ci s i o n sn e ce s s ar y t o k e e p t he s y s t e m r u n n i n g w i l l be s o co m p l e x t hat hu m an w i l l be i n cap abl eo f m ak i n g t he m i n t e l l i g e n t l y.At t hat s t ag e t he m achi n e s w i l l be i n e f f e ct i v e co n t r o l.Pe o p l e w o n t be abl e t o j u s t t u r n t he m achi n e s o f f,be cau s e t he y w i 1 be s o d e p e n d e n to n t he m t hat t u r n i n g t he m w o u l d am o u n t t o s u i ci d e.Pr e v i o u s l y,J o y had d i s m i s s e d s u ch s ce n ar i o s as s ci-f i f an t as y,bu t t he n he l i s t e n e dt o f r i e n d s w ho w e r e e x p e r t s i n r o bo t i cs an d r e al i ze d t hat t hi s br av e n e w w o r l d w asm u ch cl o s e r t han an y o f u s m i g ht i m ag i n e -as cl o s e as 3 0 y e ar s aw ay.The f u r t he rt hat J o y d u g i n t o t he cu t t i n g e d g e o f r e s e ar ch i n t he n e w t e chn o l o g i e s -r o bo t i cs,g e n e t i c e n g i n e e r i n g an d N an t e chn o l o g y 一 一 t he m o r e ho r r i f i e d he be cam e.N o t o n l yd i d he s e e s ce n ar i o s i n w hi ch r o bo t s w o u l d l i k e t o t ak e o n a l i f e o f t he i r o w n an de x t e r m i n at e t he hu m an r ace,bu t al s o he be g an t o s e e w ay s i n w hi ch o t he r s t ap l e so f s ci-f i ho r r o r m i g ht co m e t o p as s.Sp e ci f i cal l y,r o bo t s,e n g i n e e r e d o r g an i s m,an dN an bo t s s har e a d an g e r o u s am p l i f y i n g f act o r:t he y can s e l f-r e p l i cat e.A bo m b i sb 1 o w n o n l y o n ce 一 一 bu t o n e r o bo t can be co m e m an y,an d q u i ck l y g e t o u t o f co n t r o l.I t hi n k i t i s n o e x ag g e r at i o n t o s ay w e ar e o n t he cu s p o f t he f u r t he r p e r f e ct i o no f e x t r e m e e v i l,an e v i l w ho s e p o s s i bi l i t y s p r e ad s w e l l be y o n d t hat w hi ch w e ap o n so f m as s d e s t r u ct i o n be q u e at he d t o t he n at i o n-s t at e s,o n t o a s u r p r i s i n g an d t e r r i bl ee m p o w e r m e n t o f e x t r e m e i n d i v i d u al s.W e ar e be i n g p r o p e l l e d i n t o t hi s n e w ce n t u r yw i t h n o p l an,n o co n t r o l,n o br ak e s.，z J o y co n cl u d e s.Hav e w e al r e ad y g o n e t o o f ard o w n t he p at h t o al t e r co u r s e?I d o n t be l i e v e s o,bu t w e ar e n t t r y i n g y e t,an dt he l as t chan ce t o as s e r t co n t r o l -t he f ai l-s af e p o i n t -i s r ap i d l y ap p r o achi n g.1.Acco r d i n g t o t he p as s ag e,t he w o r d Lu d d i t e”(i n p ar ag r ap h 1,l i n e 1)m e an s?C A)t he n am e o f a p l ace w he r e s ci e n ce i s u n d e r d e v e l o p e d.C B)t he n am e o f a co u n t r y.C)t he n am e o f an o r g an i zat i o n w hi ch ai m s t o ad v o cat e d e v e l o p i n g t he n e wt e chn o l o g y.匚 D)t he n am e o f a p ar t y w hi ch p r o t e s t at d e v e l o p i n g s ci e n ce.2.Fr o m t he p as s ag e,w e k n o w t hat i t i s t hat s car e d Bi 11 J o y t o d e at h?A)r o bo t s hav e be e n p r act i cal l y r u n n i n g t he w o r l d.J B)hu m an s ar e act u al l y at t he m e r cy o f t he m achi n e s.J C)hu m an s ar e f aci n g a f at al s i t u at i o n t hat t he m achi n e s ar e o u t o f co n t r o lg r ad u al l y an d t he m achi n e s w i l l o v e r w he l m t he w ho 1e w o r l d.D)hu m an s w i l l be e x i l e d f r o m t he e ar t h by t he m achi n e s an d t he y hav e t o e x p l o r ean o t he r f i x e d s t ar.3.W hat d o e s t he s e n t e n ce I d o n，t be l i e v e s o,bu t w e ar e n t t r y i n g y e t.(i n t hel as t p ar ag r ap h,l i n e 5)i n d i cat e?C A)I t i s hi g h t i m e f o r u s t o g i v e an e n d t o t he n e w t e chn o l o g i e s.C B)W e s ho u l d ce as e t o e x p l o r e t he p e r i l o u s N an t e chn o l o g y.C C)Hu m an s hav e t o d e v o t e t he m s e l v e s t o s av e t he w ho l e w o r l d by co n t ai n i n g an dw r e ck i n g t he m achi n e s.、.,J D)I t i s r i g ht t i m e f o r hu m an s t o d o m i n at e t he hi g h d e v e l o p i n g t e chn o l o g ye f f e ct i v e l y an d han d l e i t s k i l l f u l l y.4.Bi l l J o y r e al i ze d t he s i t u at i o n t hat .匚 A)t he d ay w he n t he w o r l d co n t r o l l e d by t he m achi n e s i s j u s t r o u n d t he co r n e rC B)t he hu m an w o r l d i s o n t he e d g e o f an e x ce e d i n g d an g e rC)t he m achi n e s i n t he f u t u r e w i l l be as p e r i l o u s as t he m as s d e s t r u ct i o nD)humans are now on their wits end5.Which of the following can best describe the author，s attitude towards the futurerelationship between humans and machines?C A)Optimistic.C B)Pessimistic.C C)Confident.D)Indifferent.D C D B B3The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible.W e are all of us aptto take certain general ideas for granted,and cal 1 them common sense.W e shouldlearn that other people have held quite different ideas,and that our own have startedas very original guesses of philosophers.A scientist is apt to think that al 1 the problems of philosophy will ultimately besolved by science.I think this is true for a great many of the questions on whichphilosophers still argue.For example,Plato thought that when we saw something,one ray of 1 ight came to it from the sun,and another from our eyes and that seeingwas something like feeling with a stick.W e now know that the light comes from thesun,and is reflected into our eyes.W e dont know in much detail how the changesin our eyes give rise to sensation.But there is every reason to think that as welearn more about the physiology of the brain,we shal1 do so,and that the greatphilosophical problems about knowledge are going to be pretty fully cleared up.But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others that perplexus today,there will still be one field of which they do not know,namely the future.However exact our science,we cannot know it as we know the past.Philosophy maybe described as argument about things of which we are ignorant.And where sciencegives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment.That isone reason why Marx and Engels quite rightly wrote to many philosophical problemsthat interested their contemporaries.But we have got to prepare for the future,and we cannot do so rationally withoutsome philosophy.Some people say we have only got to do the duties revealed in thep as t an d l ai d d o w n by r e l i g i o n,an d g o d w i l l l o o k af t e r t he f u t u r e.Ot he r s ay t hatt he w o r l d i s a m achi n e an d t he co u r s e o f f u t u r e e v e n t s i s ce r t ai n,w hat e v e r e f f o r t sw e m ay m ak e,Mar x i s t s s ay t hat t he f u t u r e d e p e n d s o n o u r s e l v e s,e v e n t ho u g h w e ar ep ar t o f t he hi s t o r i cal p r o ce s s.Thi s p hi l o s o p hi cal v i e w ce r t ai n l y d o e s i n s p i r ep e o p l e t o v e r y g r e at achi e m e n t s.W he t he r i t i s t r u e o r n o t,i t i s p o w e r f u l g u i d et o act i o n.W e n e e d a p hi l o s o p hy,t he n,t o he l p u s t o t ack l e t he f u t u r e.Ag n o s t i ci s m e as i l ybe co m e s an e x cu s e f o r l azi n e s s an d co n s e r v at i o n.W he t he r w e ad o p t Mar x i s m o r an yo t he r p hi l o s o p hy,w e can n o t u n d e r s t an d i t w i t ho u t k n o w i n g s o m e t hi n g o f ho w i td e v e l o p e d.That i s w hy k n o w l e d g e o f t he hi s t o r y o f p hi l o s o p hy i s i m p o r t an t t o Mar x i s m,e v e n d u r i n g t he p r e s e n t cr i t i cal d ay s.1.W hat i s t he m ai n i d e a o f t hi s p as s ag e?C A)The m ai n i d e a o f t hi s p as s ag e i s t he ar g u m e n t w he t he r p hi l o s o p hy w i l lu l t i m at e l y be s o l v e d by s ci e n ce o r n o t.L .J B)The i m p o r t an ce o f l e ar n i n g p hi l o s o p hi e s,e s p e ci al l y t he hi s t o r y o f p hi l o s o p hy.C C)The d i f f e r e n ce be t w e e n p hi l o s o p hy an d s ci e n ce.C D)A d i s cu s s abo u t ho w t o s e t a p r o p e r at t i t u d e t o w ar d s f u t u r e.2.The e x am p l e o f w hat Pl at o t ho u g ht i n t he p as s ag e s ho w s t hat .C A)t he d e v e l o p m e n t o f s ci e n ce r e al l y can s o l v e a g r e at m an y o f t he p r o bl e m s o nw hi ch p hi l o s o p he r s s t i l l ar g u eC B)Pl at o k n e w n o t hi n g abo u t Phy s i csC C)t he s ci e n t i s t s hav e achi e v e d a l o t i n t e r m s o f l i g ht t he o r yC D)d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e hav e d i f f e r e n t w ay s o f p e r ce p t i o n3.W hat f i e l d can o u r d e s ce n d an t s k n o w?A)The o r i g i n o f hu m an be i n g s.B)So m e q u e s t i o n s t hat p e r p l e x u s