历年真题及解析－－从句.pdf

历年真题及解析一一从句一、名词性从句名词性从句主要分为四大类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句1.that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，在实际应用中我们常常采用it形 式 一语的形式。例句：That he passed the English test is true.千真万确，他通过了英语考试。It is true that he passed the English test.2.形式主语的四个主要句型(1)It+be+名词+that 从句例：It is a pity that可惜的是可应用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question等。(2)It+be+形容词+that从句例：It is certain that 很肯定可应用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important等。(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句例:It is said that据说可应用于此句型的过去分词还有beli eved /kn o wn /repo rted 等。（4）I t+不及物动词+th at从句例：I t seems th at好像是可应用于此句型的不及物动词还有h appen /appear等。3.wh-引导的主语从句例句：Wh ere we wi ll go h asn t been d eci d ed,我们要去哪儿还没定下来。二 宾语从句1.th at引导的宾语从句th at常用来引导宾语从句，通常th at可以省略。例句：H e h as to ld me th at h e wi 1 1 go to Sh an gh ai to mo rro w.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。注意：在 d eman d、o rd er、suggest、d eci d e等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词庆th at从句常用“（sh o uld）+动词原形”的结构（参 考“虚拟语气”部分）。2.wh-引导的宾语从句例句：I wan t to kn o w wh at h e h as to ld y o u.我想知道他告诉了你什么。3.形容词后面所跟的宾语从句某些动态形容词（af rai d、co n f i d en t、aware certai n、sure、d o ubtf ul 等）在句中做表时，后面可跟宾语从句。例句：I am co n f i d en t th at I can get th e jo b.我有信心我可以得到这份工作。三 表语从句1.th at引导的表语从句基本结构：主 语+系 动 词+th at从句例句：T h e f act i s th at we h ave lo st th e game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句例句：T h at i s wh y I tell y o u th e n ews.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。3.从属连词as i f、because、just as等引导的表语从句例句：I t i s because I h ave ever h eard o f th e sto ry.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。四 同位语从句同位语从句通常由th at引导可用于同位语从句的名词有 ad vi ce、d eman d、d o ubt、f act、h o pe、i d ea、i n f o rmati o n、messagn ews、o rd er pro blem,pro mi se questi o n、request、suggesti o n truth、wi sh、wo rd 等。例句：T h e n ews th at we wo n th e game i s ex ci ti n g.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。二、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词that和 which引导定语从句的区别关系词修饰先行词例句关系代词th at人/物Do y o u kn o w th e man th at/wh o i s talki n g to my bro th er?你认识和我哥哥聊天的那个人吗？wh i ch物T h e bo o k th at/wh i ch I bo rro wed f ro m J o h n i s very i n teresti n g我从J o h n那借来的书很有趣儿。wh o人I d o n t kn o w th e man th at/wh o i s wai ti n g f o r y o u at th e gate我不认识在大门口等你的人。wh o m人T h e man th at/wh o m y o u met i n th e supermarket i s T o m,s f ath ei你在超市遇见的那个人是T o m的父亲。wh o se人/物Do y o u kn o w th e man wh o se wi f e i s i n jured i n a car acci d en t?你认识那个在车祸中妻子受伤的人吗？关系副词w h e n时间I w i l l n e v e r f o r g e t t h e d a y w h e n I m e t y o u.我永远忘不了我遇见你的那一天。w h e r e地点T h a t i s t h e s c h o o l w h e r e I h a v e s t u d i e d f o r 6 y e a r s.那就是我学习了六年的学校。h o w方式I h a v e f o r g o t t h e w a y h o w t o g e t t o t h e r a i l w a y s t a t i o n.我已经忘了去火车站的路。w h y原因T h a t i s t h e r e a s o n w h y h e d i d n,t c o m e.那就是他没来的原因。1.不用t h a t的情况（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时例句：He can speak English fluently,which impressed me most.他的英语讲得很流利，给我留下了深刻印象。（2）介词后不能用例句：This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.这就是我居住了两年的房子。2.只能用that引导定语从句的情况（1）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,something,the one,all,much,few,any,litt等作先行词时，只用that,不用which。例句：There is nothing that we can use.这里没什么我们可用的东西。（2）先行词有 no,the only,the very,some 修饰时，只用 that。例句：This is the very man that I want to meet.这正是我要见的人。（3）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。.例句：That is the most important thing that I want to know.那是我想知道的最重要的事。三、状语从句状语从句的分类及各种连词分类连词例句时间状语从句after,before,as soonas,since,when,till,while 等I was reading when he entered the room.当他进来的时候我正在读书。地点状语从句Where,wherever 等I have put the book where it was.我已经把书放在原位了。原因状语从句because,as,since,f or等I don t want to go because I am tired of anyparty.我不想去因为我已经厌倦了任何宴会。条件状语从句if,unless,as long as,so long as 等If you have known the news,please tell me now.如果你已经知道了这个消息，请现在告诉我。让步状语从句though,although,however 等I will not trust you although you have told methe truth.尽管你已经告诉了我真相，我也不会信任你的。结果状语从句so that,sothat，suchthat,等He ran so fast that nobody could catch up withhim.他跑得如此之快，以至于没人能跟上他。目的状语从句so that,in order that等I must leave now so that I can catch the lastbus.我必须立刻离开以便我能赶上末班车。方式状语从句as,just as,as if,asthough 等We should do as the teacher told us.我们应该按照老告诉我们的去做。比较状语从句asas，not soas,than 等This house is bigger than that one.这所房子比那所房子大。历年真题及解析从句一、名词性从句1、一I think it is going to be a big problem.一Yes,it could be.一I wonder we can do about it.（北京 2002 春季）A、ifB、how C whatD、that答案C真题解析：本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓动词d o是及物动词，可见从句缺少个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的ifth at,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。2、is no p o s s i b i l i t y.Bob can win the first prize I the match.（上海 2001 春）A、There;that B、It;what C There;whether D、It;whether答案A真题解析：首先确定本句为存现句，因此应该用There be结构；然后从句子的结构和意义两面分析可知，第二个空需要填一个引导同位语从句的连接词，且 possibility为抽象名词，表达了确的意义，所以用连词that。3、A computer can only do you have instructed it to do.（NMET 2001）A how after C、what when答案C真题解析：本题考察名词性从句连接词的使用。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处连接词应该用whato二、定语从句4、The famous basketball s t a r,t r i e d to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.（北京 20春季）A、where B when C which D who答案D真题解析：本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star（名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词who。5、The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)A、until B that C when D where答案c真题解析：本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关副词，即when。6、is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)A、ItB、As C That D、what答案B真题解析：本题考察a s引导非限定性定语从句。a s引导从句的意思是“正如.”，引导的限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当as在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：as is know,as is sai，as is reported等，所以本题的答案是B。三、状语从句7、John shut everybody out of the kitchen he could prepare his grand surprise fbr party.(NMI2002)A、which B、when so that D、as if答案C真题解析：本题考察so that引导目的状语从句。so that意思是“以便”，整句话的意思是“J。把大家关在厨房外，其目的是为了自己能为宴会准备一件让人感到意外的东西。所以正确答案为(8、The man will have to wait all day the doctor works faster.(京皖蒙 2001 春季)A、ifB、unless C whether D that答案B真题解析：本题考察unless引导条件状语从句。unless意思是“除非”，根据句意“这个人要等整整一天，除非医生能够快一些。”所以答案选unless。9、The WTO cant live up to its name it does not include a country that is home to one fifthmankind.(NMET 2000)A、as long asB、whileC、ifD、even though答案c真题解析：本题考察if引导的条件状语从句。句中live up to意思是“配得上，对得起”，整句的意思是“如果世贸组织不吸收一个拥有世界1/5人口的大国入会，这个组织就配不上她的名称。因此答案为Co答案：C A C D C B C B C单 项 填 空近些年，高考语法知识运用部分越来越突出语言交际能力的考查，试题的设置更侧重考查学的实际水平，主要包括下面五个方面：一、基础语法知识纵观近五年来NMET的语法测试，我们不难总结基础语法的考点分布情况:语法点NMET1998(625)NMET1999(625)NMET2000(625)NMET2001(2125)NMET2002(2135)主谓一致-冠词-8102926代词8,91716,17,23,242535连词7,11,2321-22介词-27-动词短语1212222631情态动词1315153325时态语态10,18,20,2414,16,2420,2522,24,30,3223.29,34虚拟语气-19-33-非谓语动词2321,2518,193528,32形容词69-27副词14,16-7,1128,31-名词21-动词172012,192329,34从句2513,18,191422,31,3424,30,33交际用语7,156,106,9,132121例题：1、NMET 2002第 29小 题（时态）I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A hasnt written B doesnt write C wont write D hadnt written答案A2、NMET 2002第26小 题（冠词）Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.A 不填；the B 不填；an C an;an D the;the答案C3、北京卷2002第 22小 题（从句）We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some other p la c e s,o th e r visitors seidorrgo-A what B which C where D when答案C二、语法知识的实际应用语法知识的实际应用通常是设置一个特定的语言环境，或在口语对话中对基础语法、固定搭等进行考查。例题：1、NMET 2002第23题（特定语境中的时态）一You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?Im sorry I anything about it sooner.I certainly think its a pretty on you.A wasnt saying B dont say C wont say D didnt say答案D2、NMET 2002第 22题（特定语境中的连词）Excuse me for breaking i n,I have some news fbr you.A so B and C but D yet答案C3、北京卷2002第 31题（特定语境中的情态动词）一I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.一It true because there was little snow there.A may not be B wont be C couldnt be D mustnt be答案c三、固定搭配和习惯用法固定搭配和习惯用法通常是指对动词短语、介词短语、动 词+小品词等的考查。例题：1、NMET 2002第31题（固定搭配）We thought of selling this old furniture,but weve decided to it.It might be valuable.A hold on to B keep up with C turn to D look after答案A2、北京卷2002第24题（习惯用语）It is so nice to hear from h e r _,we last met more than thirty years ago.A Whats more B That is to say C In other words D Believe it or not答案D3、北京卷2002第29题（固定搭配）His mother had thought it would be good fbr his character to from home and earn some money on hown.A run away B take away C keep away D get away答案D四、词义辨析词义辨析通常包括动词、形容词、副词、名词等的辨析。例题：1、NMET 2002第 28题（动词词义辨析）The taxi driver often reminds passengers to their belongings when they leave the car.A keep B catch C hold D take答案D2、北京卷2002第26题（形容词词义辨析）All the people at the party were his supporter.A present B thankful C interested D important答案A3、上海卷2002第43题（名词词义辨析）For the sake of her daughters health,she decided to move to a warmA.weather B.temperature C.season D.climate答案D五、日常交际用语我们在中学阶段的口语学习中学习了各种话题，例如问候、感谢、道歉、介绍等，在这些特的语言环境中通常我们要用比较常用的口语模式进行问答，所以日常交际用语也就成了 NMET的个考点。例题:1、NMET 2002第 21题（交际用语）一Im taking my driving test tomorrow.A Cheers B Good luck C Come on D Congratulations答案B2、北京卷2002第 35题（交际用语）Its been a wonderful evening.Thank you very much.A My pleasure B Im glad to hear that C No,thanks D Its OK答案A3、NMET2002秋季第21题一Fve got your invitation.-Oh,good_ .A.Can you come?B.Thanks a lot.C.Fil take it.D.May I help you?答案A通过对上面五个考点的分析，我们可以看出，这五个方面不是孤立的考点，而是相互渗透的无论测试的重点是哪一方面都离不开其它儿个方面的知识，所以我们在做单项填空题时一定要多度考虑，从而选出最佳答案。六、本专栏所列语法的主要考点1、从句名词性从句考点：（1）连词的选择；（2）主句与从句时态的呼应；（3）同位语从句与定语从右的区别；（4）w h-与wh-ever的区别；（4）that在名词性从句中的省略问题；（5）名词性从句语序问题状语从句考点：（1）主句与从句的时态呼应问题；（2）连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：wh/as/when引导时间状语从句；because/since/as/for弓【导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语句；so.that/suchthat引导结果状语从句等）；（3）状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；（4：状语从句的倒装结构（hardly/scarcely.when；no soonerthan 等）定语从句考点：（1）关系词的选择；（2）that和which的区别；（3）关系词的省略问题；（4）介词在定语从句中位置（介 词+关系代词）；（5）as引导的定语从句；（6）定语从句的先行I和关系词当中的插入语2、代词代词考点：（1）人称代词（形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、人称代词）；（2）反身代词C指示代词（it,that,one,ones等的用法）；（4）不定代词（不定代词所指代的内容及其单复数不定代词的否定意义等）3、动 词（情态动词、动词和动词短语、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词）情态动词考点：（1）情态动词的词义辨析；（2）在特定场景中情态动词的选择；（3）must/ma：might在推测句中的区别；（4）should/could/would等+have+动词的过去分词的用法；（5）need与 dare分别做实义动词和助动词的区别动词和动词短语考点：（1）动词和动词词组的词义辨析；（2）动词的固定搭配（动 词+介词;动 词+副词一介词和副词的选择）时态语态考点：（1）八种基本时态；（2）主句与从句谓语动词的时态呼应；（3）动词touch/fc/w rite/sell等主动表示被动的用法；（4）系动词的用法；（5）延续性动词和非延续性动词的用虚拟语气考点：（1）虚拟语气主句和从句时态及结构的对应；（2）动 词（suggest/require/ordedemand 等）、名词（suggestion/requirement/order/demand 等）、形容词（necessary/important/essent/basic等）的虚拟语气用法；（3）“It be（high/about）that+句子 结构中的虚拟语气用法；（wish/hope等引导的虚拟语气；（5）a s if的虚拟语气；（6）虚拟语气的倒装非谓语动词考点：（1）非谓语动词的时态、语态；（2）非谓语动词做状语；（3）独立主格结核（4）with复合结构；（5）非谓语动词的逻辑主语；（6）非谓语动词的否定式；（7）现在分词过去分词做定语的区别4、交际用语交际用语考点：（1）打电话；（2）询问情况；（3）征求许可与应答；（4）邀请与应答；（5）提供帮助与应答；（6）建议与应答；（7）道歉与应答；（8）问候与应答5、介词介词考点：（1）动 词+介词；（2）介词和名词；（3）介词和数词；（4）except/except for/excethat/besides 用法；6、冠词冠词考点：（1）名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；（2）固定搭配中的冠词用法7、名词名词考点：（1）名词的单复数；（2）名词所有格；（3）词义辨析；（4）名词前的冠词；（5）词的习惯用法；（6）名词做定语的用法8、强调句型强调句型考点：it引导的强调句型It be+被强调部分+that/who+其它9、形容词副词形容词副词考点：（1）词义辨析；（2）比较级；（3）多个形容词做定语的次序、位 置（前置/置）10、主谓一致主谓一致考点：（1）主语与谓语动词的语法致；（2）就近原则（either.or/neither.nor/notonly but also 等结构中的一致问题）；（3）附加原则,主语+together/along with/in addition tias well as/except/besides/including等+谓语动词结构中的主谓一致问题；（4）整体原则（主I从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等词组做主语，通常被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；（.有一类词（team/all/some/the rest等）要根据它在句中实际表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复4