2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题08（8BU5-U8）.pdf

专题08 8BU5-U8 一轮复习8B Unit5知识点Part One Comic stripLYoure old enough to learn about manners now,Hobo.(P64)(1)manner可数名词，此处意为“礼貌，礼仪，礼节”，常用复数形式。常用搭配：good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪 manner作可数名词，还有“方法，方式”之意，常用单数形式，与 way同义。例如：You should write in this manner.Z.Second,dont cut 加 on others.(P64)cut in(on sb.)意为“打断某人的谈话,插嘴“，相当于interrupt sb。例如：Mary likes to cut in on others.3、Always wait politely.(P64)(1)politely副词，意为“礼貌地”，常用来修饰动词。例如：We should speak to the old politely.(2)polite形容词，意为“礼貌的“，可用作定语、表语等，它的反义词impolite,意为“无 礼 的 be politeto s b.意为“对某人有礼貌”。例 如:Its impolite to shout loudly.The students are polite to their teachers.Part Two Welcome to the unit1、Leave the tap 加化(P65)leave sth doing意为“使/让.处于.状态。leave后接名词、形容词、动词ing形式、介词短语作宾语补足语。例如：Dont leave the machine turning.(2)ru n 此处为不及物动词，意为“流动”。例如：Tears ran from her eyes.ru n 作不及物动词，意为“跑，奔 跑 例如：I saw a boy running on ihe street.ru n 作不及物动词，意为“机器运转”。例如：The engine runs properly.run 作不及物动词，意为“掉色，褪色”。例如：When you wash the blouse in hot water,the color will run.ru n 作及物动词，意为“经营，管 理 例如：They run the restaurant well.2、Queue for your turn(P65)(I)queue此处为不及物动词，意 为(人、车等)排队等候。例如：Please queue up for a bus.Many people dont like to queue.queue还可用作可数名词，意为“队，行列工例如：stand in a queue 排队等候 jump the queue 插队(2)turn此处为可数名词，意为“轮流，(轮流的)顺序”。例如：Its your turn to read now.与 turn相关的短语：take turns轮流 in turn依次，轮流 by turns轮流，交替例如：Please take turns to look after die sick boy.Please answer the question in turn.3、We should keep quiet.(P 65)keep quiet意为“保持安静1 ke叩此处为连系动词，意为“保 持(某种状态)”，后跟形容词作表语。例如：You must keep quiet in the hospital.系动词归纳：一 是(be)一 觉(feel)保 持(keep)；四个起来(look看起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来，smell闻起来)；似 乎(seem)变了四个(get,become,go,turn)Part Three Reading1、Today weve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK.(P65)invite为及物动名词，意为“邀请”，invite sb to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。例如:He sometimes invites me to see the film.invite sb to+名词，意为“邀请某人去.例如：Well invite Tom to dinner tomorrow.2、Well,British people say“hello，or“nice to meet you“and shake your hand when they meet youfor the first time.(P66)shake sbs hand 意为“与某人握手“，相当于 shake hands with sb。例如：You should shake Tonys hand.=You should shake hands with Tony.3、Do they fjreet people with a kiss?(P66)greet及物动词，意为“问候，打招呼”，相当于say hello to sb.。例如：He greeted his teacher by saying“Good Morning.greet sb with a nod意为“以点头招呼某人greeting可数名词，意为“问候，致意，祝贺工 k iss此处为可数名词，意为“亲 吻 give sb a k iss意为“吻某人一下；给 某 人 一 个 亲 吻 K iss还可作为及物动词，意为“吻，亲吻例如：The mother gave her son a kiss and left.He kissed his wife.4、British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66)close此处为形容词，意为“亲密的；严密的“，表示关系或情感上的“亲近”，可作定语或表语。closeto”与.关系密切”。例如：Im close to my English teacher.close t o 还有“离.近”之意。例如：The factory is close to the school.close还可作及物动词，意为“关闭工例如：Please close the window.5、But please avoid subjects like age,weight or money,(P66)(1)avoid及物动词，意为“避免”，后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作定语。例如：Youd better avoid the traffic at rush hour.Its not easy to avoid making mistakes.subject此处作为可数名词，意为“话题，主题工 作可数名词，还有“学科”之意。例如：Most of us dont like this subject.How many subjects are you studying this term.6、Do people there behave politely in public2(P66)(1)behave不及物动词，意为“表现，例如：Children behaved very badly after lunch.(2)public集合名词，意为“民众，大众。in public意为“公开地，当众工还可作形容词，意为“公共的，公开的”例如：I dont like to make a speech in public.a public lib ra ry 公共图书馆 a public place公共场所7、They think its rude to push in before others.(P66)push为不及物动词，意为“推，挤”。push in 意为“插队，加塞”，是英式英语的用法，美式英语常用cut ino例如：You shouldnt push in before us=you shouldnt cut in before us.8、Also,if they bump into someone in the street,theyll say“sorry”.(P67)bum p此处为不及物动词，意为“碰，撞，常与介词against,inlo连用bump in to 意为“撞上，偶然碰见。bump还可作可数名词，意为“碰，撞击；(因碰撞而引起的)肿块”。例如：The car bumped into a tree.He bumped against the door.Just now I bumped into our English teacher.We heard a bump in the next room.9、If youre 加 their way,they won,t touch you or push past you.(P67)(1)in one-w ay意为“挡住某人的路”。例如：A group of sheep are in our way.on ones way(to)意为“在去.的路上in the way意为“妨碍，挡道例如：I met Tom on my way to school.Your hobby got in the way of your studies.(2)touch此处为及物动词，意为“触碰,碰例如：Dont touch the things in the museum.He touched a hot pot and burnt himself.10、TheyUl say excuse me and be polite enough to wait till you move.(P67)(1)excuse此处为及物动词，意为“原谅,宽恕,Excuse m e 意为 劳驾”。例如：Excuse me,can you help me with my homework?(2)till此处用做连词，意为“到 时，直到.为止”。用于肯定句,主句中用延续性动词，指动作或状态持续到till表示的时间为止，意为“直到.为止”。用于否定句时,主句中的动词一般是非延续性的，它表示的动作直到till所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到.(才):例如：She waited here till you came back.Dont go away till I come back.till还可作介词，意为“直到.为止”，用于肯定句，与延续性动词连用；用于否定句中，与非延续性动词连用，意为“直到.(才)例 如:I had been in Beijing till last week.Tom went to sleep till midnight.例如：Tom likes music.I like it as well.11、British people don9t like to shout or laugh loudly.(P67)loudly副词，意为“大声地辨析：loudly 与 loudloudly:副词，“大声地，喧闹地”，给人以吵闹、不悦耳的感觉，与 quietly相对，用法较正式，含有一点贬义。loud:副词，“声音大”,常 与 laugh,read,speak,ta lk,等动词搭配使用,还可与loudly替换使用;还可作形容词，“大声的”，可作表语或定语。例如：Who is knocking at the door loudly?That music is too loud.Dont speak so loud.12 hit someone or something bv accident.(P67)by accident意为“偶然，意外地”，通常在句中作状语，其反义词为on purpose.例如：I met Tom on the street by accident yesterday.Was tea invented by accident?Part Four Grammar1、She did not join the discussion.(P71)discussion可作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“讨论例如：They decided to write a report after a discussion.The question is now under discussion.discuss及物动词，意为“讨论，discuss sth with sb.“与某人讨论某事”。例如：You can discuss the question with them.2、He did not express himself clearly.(P71)express此处用作及物动词，意为“表达express oneself意为“自 我 表 达 express的名词形式是expression,意为“表达，表情，措辞例如：I expressed my thanks to him.You can express yourself freely.express还可作形容词，意为“特快的例如：an express letter 快信 an express train 特快列车3、Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons.(P71)be busy with s th 意为“忙于某事。be busy(in)doing sth.意为“忙于做某事例如：Mary is busy with her homework.=Mary is busy(in)doing her homework.Part Five Integrated skills1、Help explain things and give us useful information.(P72)explain此处为及物动词，意为“解释”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句。例如：Our English teacher always explain things to us clearly.ex p lain 还可作不及物动词，意为“解释，说明”。例如：Why didnt you let him explain?2、Keep us.from danger.(P 14)keep sb from sth.意为“保护某人免受.；阻止某人.例如：Sunglasses can keep us from the sun.stop.from doing.prevent.from doing.与 keep.from doing.都有“阻止.做.”之意，三者同义。例如：No one can stop/prevent/keep us from creating wonders.3、Warn us.(P 14)w arn及物动词，意为“警告，告诫”，warn s b.意为“警告，告诫某人例如：Its dangerous to cross the road.Please warn the students.(1)warn sb(not)to do sth.意为“警告某人(不要)做某事例如：We warned him not to play with fire.(2)warn sb of/about sth.意为“警告某人某事；提醒某人注意某事”。例如：The police warned the children of/about the danger.warn sb against doing sth.意为“警告/告诫某人不要做某事”。例如：The doctor warned my father against smoking.4、(P73)Why not.?意为“为什么不？“，其后跟动词原形，该句型还可以用“why don，t/doesn，t sb do sth?”,表示劝说、建议某人去做某事。例如：Your spoken English is poor.Why not join an English club?Why not come early?=Why dont you come early?Part Six Study skills1、Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life.(P74)sometime副词，意为“在某时，表示将来或过去的某个时候。例如：Mary will come to our school sometime next week.辨析：sometime,some time,sometimes 与 some timessometime:在某/j Fil visit the Great Wall sometime this year.some time:一段时间 Fil live here fro some time.sometimes:有时 Sometimes I have lunch at school.some times:几次，几倍 Eve been to the museum some times.2、risk losing everything all at one time(P74)(l)risk 及物动词，意为“冒险做”，其后可跟名词或动词ing形式。例如：Can you risk your life to save people?risk 还可作可数名词，意为“冒险，冒风险”。例如：He likes to take a risk.(2)at one tim e意为“一度，同时，在过去某个时候”。例如：You can borrow two books at one time.3、practice makes perfect(P75)practice名词，意为“练习，训练，实践例如：Enough practice can help improve your English.practice还可作及物动词，意为“练习”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。例如：I often practice playing the piano after school.practice在英式英语中，其动词形式为practise,在美式英语中其名词与动词形式均为practice。Part Seven Task1、We should know these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.(P76)(1)make su re意为“弄清楚，务必，确信”，其后多接that引导的宾语从句，有时也与of/about连用。例如：I make sure that I have turned the tap off.Please make sure of the time and place.be sure of/that.”对.有把握，确信”，主语是人。Be sure to do s th 主语是人也可以是物，表示说话人的推测，有“一定，必然会”之意。例如：He is sure that he will succeed.=He is sure of success.Hes sure to win.Its sure to rain.(2)at the table意为“在桌子旁”,不一定在吃饭。at table“在吃饭”,其 结 构 为:at+名词，表示状态。例如：He often reads newspapers at the table.Tom and his parents are at table now.2、We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.(P77)on 介词，意为“关于例如：The book is on science.辨 析:on与 abouto n:侧重论述，较正式，多用于诸如学术报告、专著、国际形势等方面的内容。about:侧重叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍及内容浅显的问题等。例如：Do you havea book on the computer?I have a book about Lei Feng.3、Above all.(P77)above a ll意为“首先,首要的是”。例如：Above all,the food is free.辨析：above all,first of all 与 after allabove a ll:首先，首要的是 强调需要特别对待，类似于especially。first of a ll:首先，开始，第 一 表 示 次 序，相当于at first。after a l l:毕竟，终究，到底 表示一种让步语气。例如：Above all,make sure you keep in touch.First of all,cut the apples up.He is a child after all.短语归纳1.cut in(on sb/sth)打断(谈话),插嘴2.shake ones hand 与某人握手3.push in4.in ones way5.by accident6.be tired out7.make sure插队，加塞挡住某人的路偶然，意外地精疲力尽务必，确信8.drop litter everywhere 到处乱扔垃圾9.obey traffic rules遵守交通规则10.on ones own 单独，独自11.hold a talk 举行一次报告in public公开地，在别人面前bump into碰到,撞到express oneself 自我表达above a ll首先，首要的是leave the tap running让水龙头一直流淌for the first time 首次sth happens to s b 某事发生在某人身上say hello to s b 向某人问好句型归纳1.adj.+enough to do sth2.too+adj./adv.+to do sth3.keep sb from(doing)sth4.avoid doing sth5.warn sb(not)to do sth6.in order to do sth够.,，做某事太.而不能做某事使某人免于（做）某事避免做某事警告某人（不）要做某事为了做某事7.risk doing sth 冒险做某事8.try(not)to do sth 努力(不)做某事9.find+某人/某物(n./pron.)+adj.发现某人/某物.8B Unit6知识点Part One Comic strip1、Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.(P78)train此处为及物动词(也可作不及物动词)，意为“接受训练；培训等”例如：He is training to be a doctor.We should train students to form good habits.trainer n.教练；trainee n.接受训练的人,学员training不可数名词，意为“训练”。例如：You need more training.2、Will you support me,Eddie?(P78)support此处为及物动词，意为“支持”。例如：I dont support his opinion.support作不可数名词时，意为“支持，拥护例如：He needs our support.supporter可数名词，意为“支持者，拥护者”。例如：I have many supporters.3、It9s meaningful to do something for the Olympics.(P78)meaningful ad j.有有意义的；meaningless ad j.无意义的例如：What he did is meaningful.He gave me a meaningful look.4、How can I help then?(P78)辨析：can 与 be able to易混词含义具体解析能，会只是一般性的能力，指“有能力做某事”，只用于一般现在时(c a n)和一般过去时(could)can可以用来表示请求、允许；be able to则不能可能用来推测，表示可能性，常用于否定句中be able to能,会强调具体事件中有能力，指“经过努力而成功地做某事”，可用于各种时态；不能与can连用；不能表示可能性的推测例如：The boy can skate=The boy is able to skate.Can I come in?The man cant be Mr.Green.He has gone to America.5 I need some more food to eat at work.(P78)some more意为“再来一点，再多一些拓展：“数词+more+名词another+数词+名词例如：I want to buy ten more apples.=we want to buy another ten apples.Part Two Welcome to the unit1、blind a d j.瞎 的(P79)由blind构成的短语：go blind失明；turn a blind eye to对.佯装不见be blind t o对.视而不见2、deaf ad j.聋 的(P79)例如：He is a deaf man.He is deaf of an ear.拓展：be deaf to advice意为 不听劝告”Tom is always deaf to advice.turn a deaf ear to意为“对.充耳不闻”Dont turn a deaf ear to what I said.3、What are homeless people,Daniel?(P79)homeless a d j.无家可归的类似以后缀“-less”构成的单词：careless马虎的；useless无用的；harmless无害的；meaningless没有意义的；endless无尽的；helpless无助的4、They can provide special places/br homeless people to stay.(P79)provide sth.for s b.意为“为某人提供某物”，相当于 provide sb.with sth.例如：They often provide hungry children with food.They often provide food for hungry children.简单辨析：give,provide 与 offerprovide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth.give sth.to sb.=give sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth.Part Three Reading1、The special Olympics World Games ue children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chanceto show their skills to the world.(P80)give sb.a chance to do sth.意为“给某人做某事的机会”例如：I will give you a chance to explain yourself.句中的with intellectual disabilities为后置定语，修饰children and adults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。例如：The students on duty are cleaning the classroom.chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。例如：Do you have a chance to win?You have no chance now.2 They include many events similar to those in the Olympics.(P80)event此处用作可数名词，意为“比赛项目；大事例如：How many events are there at your school sports meeting?Ifs an event in history.那是历史上的一件大事。similar ad j.意为“同样的，类似的“，be similar to 意为“与.相似“，其中to 为介词，其后多接名词或代词例如：My watch is similar to yours.拓展:be similar i n 意为“在.方面相似”;be the same a s 意为“与.相同”They are similar in color.My coat is the same as my friend.3 Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success.(P80)make the event a great success意为“使本届特奥会取得很大的成功”，make+sb./sth.+名词结构，其中the event是make的宾语，a great success为其宾语补足语例如：Hard life makes the boy a m an.艰苦的生活使这个男孩成为一个男子汉We made Tom our monitor.拓展:make后还以接省略io的动词不定式、形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。Dont make the boy cry anymore.The boy often makes his mother angry.I cant make myself understood in Chinese.4、He was born with intellectual disabilities.(P81)be born with.意为“生来具有.”例如：He was born with a weak body.他生来体弱。5、To Li Hai,the most important thing is not to win a 史 old or a silver,but to take part.(P81)not.but意为 不是.9 而是.Q例如：Jims father is not a teacher but a doctor.The book is not hers but mine.gold此处用作可数名词，意为“金牌”。例如：He won many golds.拓展：gold还可用作不可数名词，意为“黄金，金子七gold用作形容词时，意为“金黄色的，金质的”。How much gold do you have?你有多少黄金？The girl with a gold watch is M ary.那个戴金表的女孩是玛丽。6、He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Gaines.(P81)confident a d j.此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：be confident of sth.意为“对有信心”;be confident+that从句意为“确信.,对.有信心例如：He is a confident person.Mary is confident of passing the exam.=Mary is confident that she can pass the exam.7、You set to help them achieve their dreams.(P81)get to do sth.此处意为“有机会做某事，得到做某事的机会”。例如：He got to take part in the Olympics.He got to try out his new idea.get to sb.还表示“使某人恼怒或生气，影响某人”。例如：Don5t let them get to you.不要让他们影响你。8、I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event.(P82)offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。例如：Mary offered to help me with my English.拓展:offer sth.提供某物；offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.He offered some advice.They offered us hot water.二 They offered hot water to us.9、Did Li Hai win first prize?(P82)first prize意为“一等奖”，当序数词表示名词时，其前的定冠词通常可以省略。例如：He won third prize at last.prize此处为可数名词，意为“奖品，奖金，奖赏，win the prize意为“获奖”，常常指在比赛中获胜时或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励。例如：He received the Nobel Prize for peace.他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。10、Wkaf are the Special Olympics World Games for?(P83)Whatfor?意为“为什么.?例如：-What are you here for?一 To meet my uncle.辨析：what.for 与 whyWhat.for为什么用于询问目的或用途，一般用动词不定式或for介词短语等回答，不能用because 回答例：What do you want a basket for?I want to buy some apples.why为什么侧重询问原因，一般用because作答例：一Why were you late for school?Because I missed the early bus.Part Four GrammarDo you have any trouble talkin?to people with intellectual disabilities?(P85)have trouble(in)doing sth.意为“做某事费力(或有麻烦)例如：I have some trouble(in)working out the problem.拓展:trouble是不可数名词，前面可用no,much,some,a little,little等词修饰，介词in通常省略。例如：He has no trouble learning English.和 have trouble doing sth.类似的短语还有:have difficulty doing sth.做 某事有困难;haveproblems doing sth.做某事有问题；have fun doing sth.=have a great time doing sth.做某事很开心