全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟真题.pdf

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟真题（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Anger may feel uncomfortable,but it can be healthy.A lot of people think they haveto jtheir anger,says Patrick Keelan,a registered psychologist in Calgary,Alberta.But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed.When we take 2_of that signal and actually 3_the problem instead of ignoring it,were usually much better for it.4,were raised to keep emotions hidden.Increasingly,research is suggesting that thiscan have long-term effects on our health.People who 5_their emotions may diesooner than those who are better at expressing emotions.When were angry,stresshormones are released,which can make us prone to 6_a wide range of diseases.Is it better,then,to scream and holler 7_something makes you mad?Thats therationale behind the rage rooms that have popped up in many American cities,where folks are 8_to release their anger 9_violently smashing stuff in a safeenvironment.The theory is that you get the anger out of your system 10 aggressive actions,saysKeelan.But the research indicates that when we 11 our anger aggressively,it canactually increase the 12 of the angerand increase the likelihood of aggressiveactions in the future.It doesnt take much 13 to predict how a furious ragecan 14 your relationships with your spouse,your kids,or your coworkers.If you shouldnt bottle up your angry feelings but aggressive behavior isnt healthy 15how should you handle things that tick you off?Start by looking 16 the superficial trigger to your fury.Anger is often causedby 17 feelings of fear,anxiety,disappointment,and guilt.Maybe youre furious thatyour spouse is late,but its really because you were afraid he or she had 18 a caraccident in the bad weather.19,pay closer attention to your triggersthose daily irritations that you know willset you off.Do you get angry at the long lines at the grocery store?Take a step backand 20 that it isnt personal.Everyone in the line has dinner to make,just like you.1、单选题 第（1）题选A.get rid ofB.make use ofC.face up toD.get used to正确答案：A参考解析：get rid o f摆脱、丢 弃make use o f利 甩 使 用face up to敢于面对get used to习惯于翻 译：愤怒情绪可能会让人感到不适，很多人觉得他们必须愤怒，但它也能有益健康.but转折，前面说愤怒让人感到不适。后面说他也有益处，所以空格处所在的句子，应该和前面一句逻辑类似,选项中只有get rid of（常用于表示摆脱令人不快的事物）可体现愤怒的负面特质及人们对愤怒的排斥态度，妞 确。2、单选题 第（2）题选A.chargeB.messageC.noticeD.care正确答案：C参考解析：charge职责、责 任message信 息notice注意、察 觉care照看前 一 句,But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that somethingneeds to be addressed.但是愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，提示某些事情需要解决，空格处填写一个动词，与take搭 配，修 饰singal,最后一句we areusually much better for it我们通常会感觉好多了，由此可知，应该是我们意识到这个signal,然后纠正问题，我们就会感觉好多了，固定短语take notice of意 为 注 意，留 意 。C正确。3、单选题 第（3）题选A.anticipateB.exposeC.prevent0.rectify正确答案：D参考解析：anticipate预 料expose暴 露prevent阻 止rectify纠正、改正翻 译：当我们注意到这一信号并真正它而非忽视问题时。我们通常会感觉好很多。instead o f表转折，连接两个并列的句子，并且含义相反，后面是ignoring it,所以与之对应的是处理，D 纠正。正确。4、单选题 第（4）题选A.PreviouslyB.UnfortunatelyC.Consequently0.Eventually正确答案：B参考解析：previously以前地unfortunately遗憾地consequently因此结 果evenually最终地翻 译：我们从小就被教导要隐藏情绪，越来越多的研究表明，这会对我们的健康产生长期影响.第一段愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，本段提到但是我们从小被教导要隐藏情绪，所以副词表达反面的情绪，Unfortunatel 遗憾地 符合这一态度。5、单选题 第（5）题选A.neglectB.suppressC.perceiveD.arouse正确答案：B参考解析：neglect忽略 suppress压抑、抑制 perceive感知 arouse引起翻 译：的人与善于表达情绪的人相比寿命可能更加短.前一句说我们被教导隐藏情绪，这会对我们的身体产生影响，所以空格处应该填写一个与hide同义的词，B 压抑 符合题意。6、单选题 第（6）题选A.developingB.diagnosingC.overcomingD.dreading正确答案：A参考解析：developing 患 diagnosing 诊断 overcoming 克服 dreading担心、惧怕翻 译：当我们生气时体内会释放出压力荷尔蒙，导致我们更容易各类疾病.空格句与上句之间无转折词，推测二者语义方向应一致，前一句是寿命更短，所以根断应该是更容易患病，developing可与疾病等词汇构成动宾搭配 患上疾 病 ，为正确项。7、单选题 第（7）题选A.whateverB.ho we verC.wheneverD.wherever正确答案：c参考解析：whatever不 管 什 么however不 管 怎 样whenever无论何时wherever无论在哪翻 译：有什么事令你气愤时，咆哮嘶吼是不是更好呢？由逻辑可知，生气是咆哮嘶吼的前提或原因，与地点和方式无关，C选 项，whenever可 表 示 在 时 候/场 合 ，含有条件意味，故正确。8、单 选 题 第（8）题选A.determinedB.invitedC.forbidden0.required正确答案：B参考解析：determined决 定invited被 邀 请forbidden被 禁 止required被要求翻 译：基于这种逻辑美国许多城市出现了 愤 怒 屋 ，这些店铺人们在 安全”的环境中以暴力方式宣泄愤怒.基于上面说提到的有什么事令你气愤的时候，你最好就是咆哮嘶吼，所以这些地方是专门给他们发泄的，所 以invited可 传 达 被（泄愤场所的安全性、方便性）吸 引 之 意，为正确项。9、单选题 第（9）题选A.aboutB.inC.forD.by正确答案：D参考解析：about关 于in在 内fo r为了 b y通过、靠翻 译：这些店铺欢迎人们在“安全 的环境中暴力打砸的方式宣泄他们的愤怒.空格处填写一个介词，描述 暴力打砸 与 泄愤 的逻辑关联，结合上下文可知，暴力打砸是发泄愤怒的一种方式/渠道，by可表示方式或手段，为正确项。10、单选题 第（10）题选A.fromB.throughC.withoutD.towards正确答案：B参考解析：form出自、来 源through通过、凭 借without没 有toward向翻 译：理论上，你可以攻击性的行为来发泄愤怒.空格处填写一个介词，体现发泄愤怒，和攻击性行为的逻辑关联。through 通过 正 确。11、单选题 第（11）题选A.eliminateB.augmentC.inhibitD.display正确答案：D参考解析:eliminate消 除augment加强、提 高inhibit阻碍、抑 制display显露、表现翻 译：研究表明，当我们以攻击的方式愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒.上一句 你可以通过攻击性的行为来发泄愤怒，本段空格应该与 将愤怒释放出 来 语义 相 同，display在文中可表示 使（愤怒情绪）外露出来 之意，故正确。12、单选题 第（12）题选A.insensitivityB.intensityC.instability0.infinity正确答案：B参考解析：insensitivity不灵敏度intensity强 度instability不稳定性infinity无限性翻译但研究表明，当我们以攻击性的方式表达愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒的而且我们更有可能在未来出现攻击性的行为.破折号是对前面的解释，我们更有可能在未来出现攻击性的行为，再联系上文信息 人们感到愤怒时常用暴力攻击行为来泄愤”可进一步推测出：愤怒的程度越强，出现攻击行为的可能性越大，故intensity正确。13、单选题 第（13）题选A.imaginationB.motivationC.information0.explanation正确答案：A参考解析：imagination想象力motivation动 机information信息explanation角 星 释、理由翻 译：不需要太多就可以预见到暴怒会影响你与身边人的关系.由众所周知的常识可知暴怒通常会损害人际关系，故空格句意在指出人们很容易预料到暴怒对人际关系的危害，四个选项中imagination可与语境词构成约定俗成的句式 It doesn t take much imagination to guess/predict.（无需多想就可猜到/预料到），契合文意。14、单选题 第（14）题选A.affectB.dictateC.reflect0.confirm正确答案：A参考解析：affect影 响dictate支配、摆 布reflect反 应confirm确认翻 译：无需多想就可以预见到暴怒会如何 你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系.由上题分析可知，空格词应体现暴怒对人际关系的负面影响effect指 影 响 ，文中的暴怒语境可赋予其负面色彩，故为正确项。15、单选题 第（15）题选A.yetB.eitherC.insteadD.again正确答案：B参考解析：yet然 而either而且、也instead反 而again再一次翻 译：如果不该压抑愤怒情绪，而攻击性行为不太健康，那么该如何处理那些人让人恼火的事情呢？两个否定句，前面是不该压抑情绪。后面是攻击行为不太健康，either在否定句中 表 示 也；和一 样 ，契合文意。16、单选题 第（16）题选A.atB.beyondC.intoD.a 代 er正确答案：B参考解析：空格填写一个介词，由本段末句事例的让步转折逻辑（人们生气的表面诱因是配偶的晚到行为，而生气的真实原因是担心/害怕配偶所处的某个坏情形）可知空格句（本段主旨句）应带有 透过表面诱因，抓住真实/本质原因 的意 味，beyond与look连用时本义指 越过向 远 处 看 ，可引申为 目光不局限于；透过而 考 虑 更 大/深 的 方 面 ，契合文中内涵。17、单选题 第（17）题选A.equivalentB.permanentC.underlying0.forthcoming正确答案：C参考解析：equivelent相等的permanent永久的underlying潜在的forthcoming即将出现的翻 译：愤怒通常由_ _ _ _ 恐惧、焦虑、失望和内疚感所引起.空格处填写一个形容词，修饰 feelings of fear,anxiety,disappointment,andguilt,四个选项中只有underlying在文中可表示（人们大发雷霆时内心）隐含的、更深层次的（情感），为正确项。18、单选题 第（18）题选A.hadB.madeC.avoidedD.seen正确答案：A参考解析：had经 历made引 发avoided避 免seen看到翻 译：但那实际上是因为你害怕他或她在恶劣天气里车祸.Maybe youre furious that your spouse is late 也许配偶晚到会让你很生气,空格处应该是发生车祸的意思,had可 与a car accident搭 配，表示 遭遇一场车 祸 ，符合 人们担心家人安危 的常识逻辑，故为正确项。1 9、单选题 第（19）题选A.T h u sB.R a t h e rC.O t h e r w i s eD.A I s o正确答案：D参考解析:thus因 此rather相 反otherwise否 则also而且本段首句与上段首句都采用了表建议的祈使句式,再结合第五段的设问内涵可推知第五至末段的段际逻辑：第五段先设问（如何处理愤怒的诱因），第六、七段分别介绍两种办法回应设问。故空格词应体现依次列举两种办法的行文逻辑，Also正确。20、单选题 第（20）题选A.p r e d i c tB.p r o v eC.e n s u r e0.c o n s i d e r正确答案：D参考解析：predict预 料prove证 实ensure确 保consider考虑、认为翻 译：在杂货店排队会让你恼火吗?那就退一步 这种情形并非针对个人，和你一样，排队的所有人都在等着回家做晚饭.Take a step back本身可暗含 后退一步以从更广阔/客观的角度思考 之意,空格处应该填写思考、考虑，判断一下这个事情的本事，是否是针对你，还是大家共同承担着。D正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题It is a deep national shame that despite the dedication of staff,care home deathsaccount for almost a third of all Covid-19 fatalities in the UK.Among the many calls for reform,one is gaining popularity：the idea of setting up anationall care service.There is an obvious appeal to this.It echoes the idea of havinga National Health Service,free to use and open to everyone.Incorporate brokensocial care into a tried-and-tested national system,goes the thinking.And just as thegovernment plans to tighten its grip on the NHS,the appeal of also trying to runsocial care from Whitehall might be too great to resist.But in fact,the opposite istrue.Social care is in urgent need of attention from decision-makers,but nationalisingit is not the answer.Instead the NHS should become more locally accountable.The NHS gets its money directly from government and hospitals are paid for whatthey do.Social care is funded by local government.But as social care demand grows,finite resources are stretched ever thinner.People can walk into a hospital,but higherthresholds for care mean it is only available to those who need it most.NHS staffhave a much better pay deal and care workers feel undervalued.So the first priority isto fund social care properly.But beyond this financial reality,there are deeper problems with a rigid nationalmodel that have been further exposed during the Covid-19 pandemic.Instead ofbeing a safety net of last resort in a community-based system of care and support,acute hospital provision dominates the healthcare landscape,sucking in a hugeamount of funding.Without reform to shift away from crisis intervention and towardsprevention,hospital budgets will eat up an ever-gregter proportion of public servicespend.Setting up a national social care service risks replicating this bias.Care homes areexpensive and for people with high needs.But social care is much broader than justcare homes and applies to a wide range of support to enable people to live in theirown homes independently.And it is not just for elderly people.These facts risk beinglost in any move towards a national social care service.A single service would tendtowards uniform,building-based services,easily managed and monitored from aWhitehall department,rather than adaptable,community support that would varybetween areas.Care is essentially about people and relationships,not buildings and services.It is notclear whether a national one-size-fits-all care system would be capable of embeddingsuch fresh,community-led approaches.Health and care budgets in England need tobe merged locally so everyone benefits from investing in prevention.There is noquestion that the care system is in urgent need of funding reform,but nationalisingsocial care wouldnt solve its problems.Rather than rush to an institutional response,lets start with people.We could then reimagine a system of health and support toenable that ambition.21、单选题The author views nationalizing social care withA.appreciationB.disapprovalC.tolerance0.uncertainty正确答案：B参考解析：But in fact,the opposite is true.Social care is in urgent needof attention from decision-makers,but nationalising it is not the answer.Instead the NHS should become more locally accountable.第二段表明了作者的态度，社会照护虽急需决策者关注，但将其收归国有并非解决之策。B正确。22、单选题According to Paragraph 3,the most pressing issue for socialcare should beA.obtaining sufficient fundingB.conserving limited resourcesC.improving labor relations0.lowering thresholds for patients正确答案：A参考解析：NHS staff have a much better pay deal and care workers feelundervalued.So the first priority is to fund social care properly.是随着社会照护需求的增加，有限资源被消耗，二是照护工作者，觉得自己不受重视，所以社会照护而言最紧迫的事应该是应该是获得资金，A正确。23、单选题It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that acute hospitalprovisionA.gets little support from local communitiesB.absorbs too much of public service fundingC.responds slowly to emergency health crises0.exposes healthcare workers to great danger正确答案：B参考解析：Instead of being a safety net of last resort in acommunity-based system of care and support,acute hospital provisiondominates the healthcare landscape,sucking in a huge amount offunding.急症医院提供的服务没有充当社区照护服务的后备措施，而是成为医疗护理的大头，占用大量公共资金，不过进行改革，那么医院预算还要进一步吞噬公共服务资源。B正确。24、单选题According to Paragraph 5,the author believes that a nationalsocial care service wouldA.offer services that are rigid and inflexibleB.enable more disabled people to live on their ownC.increase the economic burdens of the elderly0.facilitate government engagement with communities正确答案：A参考解析:Setting up a national social care service risks replicating thisbias.作者认为国有社会照护机构会是另一个国家医疗服务体系，社会照护工作的多样化特点 不仅限于养老院、服务场所可以是家里、服务对象也不一定是老年 人 ，但是国有社会照护会倾向于以大楼（即以养老院为代表的集中照护场所）为据点提供统一的服务，而不是让社区（即各个家庭散落之地）根据各地区的差异提供灵活的服务。可见国有社会照护服务将会缺少变通。A正确。25、单选题Which saying can best summarize the authors advice to socialcare reformers in the last paragraph?A.Prepare for the worst.B.Haste makes waste.C.Think top-down.D.Put people first.正确答案：D参考解析：Rather than rush to an institutional response,lets start withpeople.We could then reimagine a system of health and support toenable that ambition.全国性体系不一定能让社区去带头采取这种灵活的策略，建议将医疗地方化 医疗和照护都要纳入地方预算，好让所有人受益于预防，社会照护急需资金改革，但国有化不能解决它的所有问题，不如从人出发思考如何进行改革，综上可知末段围绕 以人为本，D正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题Big Tech is back in the congressional hot seat.On Wednesday,the chief executives ofAmazon,Apple,Facebook and Google will be questioned in a House judiciaryantitrust subcommittee hearing.This is perhaps the most important and high-profile conversation about monopoliessince the Microsoft case of the 1990s.It could also be a major,multi-decade turningpoint in US antitrust policy.They want to curb not only Big Tech,but a number ofother industries with dominant playersfinance and pharmaceuticalswith moreregulation.If that happens,we should thank not only Washington,but state and local officialswho have been challenging corporate power in their own backyards for several years.Well before antitrust became trendy,local communities were waging successful fightsagainst corporate behemoths for practical rather than ideological reasons.Thosebattles have laid the groundwork for what may come at federal level.There are countless examples of communities that have successfully waged suchDavid and Goliath battles.Very often,they end up economically better off.Communities with a greater share of their economy in the hands of small businessesare better at solving problems collectively,says Stacy Mitchell,the co-director of theInstitute for Local Self-Reliance.They also have higher levels of civic participation.Just as we know that concentrated power corrupts democracy,the opposite is true,she says.The more broadly economic decision-making is distributed,and the moresay people have over their livelihoods,the more effective and engaged they are ascitizens.Some believe policymakers should embrace creative destruction in a kind ofSchumpeterian killing of what would surely be tens of thousands of small businessesin less productive sectors such as restaurants,services and personal care.They arguethis would encourage workers to retrain and redistribute in the digital economy.Butthat runs into the problem that each generation of Big Tech companies seems to beable to do more with fewer people.A handful of very large,very rich companies thatneed fewer and fewer workers doesnt add up to an economy.Allowing certain kinds of small-and medium-sized enterprises to fail not becausethey are unsuccessful,but because they are not high-growth digital enterprises,would be a mistake.Regions with a greater share of SMES have less income inequalityand faster household income growth,according to research gathered by the ILSR.Small businesses tend to be embedded in a web of local and regional economicrelationships with other businesses.This creates resiliency and also sparks innovation.Research shows that industries with a mix of firm sizes produce new inventions andprocesses at a faster clip.Indeed,this is an argument many Big Tech executives wouldput forward about Silicon Valley.Its that very ecosystem which helped launchgenerations of successful start-ups.26、单选题The antitrust hearing on WednesdayA.will seriously question US antitrust policy for the first time in decadesB.may strengthen the anti-monopoly regulation of vari