【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题02 阅读理解（含解析）.pdf
【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题0 2阅读理解上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices markedA,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have just read.(A)For 38-year-old Justin Herald,the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church inSydneys northwest,when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir.nYou havean attitude problem,she told him.The accusation rked something in him,and he borrowed$50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan:I dont have an attitude problem;you have a perception problem.1It was the best$50 I ever spent,laughs Herald.By the end of the morning,he had sold three ofthe four T-shirts.With the money he made,he had another six printed,then 12,then 24.“That firstyear the earning were$98,000/he says.His business,Attitude Inc.,is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of productsselling in 3,500 stores across Australia.His business was due to not just clever marketing-the publicloved the slogan-but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in hissector of the clothing industry,and he was in the right place at the right time.The media spotlight also helped,with people paying attention to Heralds likeable personality andinfections passion for his business:the night of one TV appearance,187 stores rang to get his productsinto their stores.Herald sold the business three years ago,by which time it was turning over$30 million a year,and now spends his time as a motivational speaker.His message:anyone can be financially successfulif they set their mind to it.You have to have a lot of stickability,because not everything is going to第1页/总21页work the way you plan it.”Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children,Herald believes too many successfulpeople become caught up in the trappings of wealth.I have lived here since I left school at 16/hesays.nIn this area,you dont forget where you came from.1*56.Why does Herald think it was the best$50 he ever spent?A.Because that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirtB.Because that sum of money showed his accusation was wrong.C.Because he received that sum of money when he was in need.D.Because he gained more than expected from that sum of money.57.According to Herald,the success of his business resulted from.A.good timing and cooperation B.business sense and luckC.fierce competition and passion D.family background and motivation58 The underlined word stickability(paragraph 6)is closest in meaning to.A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune59.The best title for the passage might be_A.Attitude P ays OffB.No Bravery,No GainsC.Start a BusinessD.Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself(B)The smell,the warmth,the distinct taste-a good cup of coffee is what gets us through the dayand helps us to unwind at the end of it.And in walks the P od Coffee Machine.This skillful kitchendevice is here fbr convenience.ProsCons Usually quite small-sized Cheap to buy some cost as little as 40.Good fbr occasional coffee drinkers,as thesealed pods keep coffee fresh.More expensive per think thanBcan-to-cup coffee or beans.Coffee pods create waste,as many pods areplastic.第2页/总21页To ensure that you get the best fix of caffeine,weve rounded up a list of what we consider thebest pod coffee machines in mind.Hamilton Beach（49976）Pod CoffeeMachineNespresso Pixie Espresso Pod CoffeeTwice as nice!Whether its fbr a quick cup onthe go or a coffee date with friends,this notbeverage maker gives you the option to select asingle serving or to brew up a whole pot.Humble in appearance,this multi-serve podcoffee maker comes with another added bonus;use the loose coffee grounds option if youprefer a brand that does not come in a pod.21,017 ratings$104.99$124.87Currently unavailable.We dont know whenor if this item will be back in stock.MachineDesigned to please,not only is this machinesmall enough to fit in the smallest of kitchens,but the 19-bar high-pressure pump also ensuresthat each pod is released to ensure master-styleresults.Heating up in only 25 seconds,thissingle-serve kitchen buddy will have your cupof coffee ready in less than 2 minutes.613 ratings$159.95Nespresso Inissia Original Pod CoffeeMachineThis P REMIUM CHOICE model is ideal forsmall households who enjoy novel coffees thatare prepared in no time at all.Or you canprepare the coffee fbr the go.Buy Aldi coffeepods to cut the price of your daily brew andsave a dollar.And theyre all compatible（兼容）with Nespresso machines.3 676 ratingsKeuring K55/K-Classic Pod CoffeeMachineIf the strength or weakness of your coffee isone of your greatest concern,then this machinemight come in quite handy.The smaller thepot,the stronger the coffee.2.665 ratings$118.26$121.43第3页/总21页$149.95Only 10 left in stock.Order soon.$66.75(6 Second-hand)60.According to the passage,pod coffee machines attract peopl e.A.who want to bring convenience to their kitchen lifeB.who are keen on the typical taste of Bean-to-cup coffeeC.who attach importance to the light weight of plastic machinesD.who pay attention to their carbon footprints on the environment61.If the customers is exceptionally mindful of the price,which of the following will be a good deal?A.Hamilton Beach(49976)P od Coffee Machine.B.Nespresso Inissia Original P od Coffee Machine.C.Nespresso P ixie Espresso P od Coffee Machine.D.Keuring K55/K-Classic P od Coffee Machine.62.is perfect fbr an extended family who prefer high-quality coffee.A.Hamilton Beach(49976)P od Coffee MachineB.Nespresso Inissia Original P od Coffee MachineC.Nespresso P ixie Espresso P od Coffee MachineD.Keuring K55/K-Classic P od Coffee Machine(C)Deep below the ground,radioactive elements break up water molecules(分子),producingingredients that can fuel subsurface life.This process,known as radio-lysis(辐射分解)，hassustained bacteria in isolated,water-filled cracks on Earth for millions to billions of years.Now astudy published in Astro-biology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martiansubsurface.Dust storms,rays in the universe and solar winds ruin the Red P lanets surface.But below-ground,some life might find refuge.HThe environment with the best chance of habitability on Mars is the第4 页/总21页subsurface/1 says Jesse Tarnas,a planetary scientist at NASA.Examining the Martin undergroundcould help scientists learn whether life could have survived there.And the best subsurface samplesavailable today arc Martin meteorites（陨石）that have crash-landed on Earth.Tarnas and his colleague evaluated the mineral makeup and radio-active element abundance inthe Martin surface using satellite and rover data.They input these data into a computer model thatsimulated（模拟）radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated hydrogen gasand other chemical ingredients that can sustain the underground bacteria.The researchers report that ifwater was present,radiolysis in the Martin subsurface could have sustained life for billions of yearsand perhaps still could today.Scientists previously studied Mars radiolysis,but this marks the first estimate using Martin rocksto quantify the planefs subsurface habitability.Tamas and his colleagues also evaluated the potentialrichness of life in the Martin underground and found that as many as a million bacteria could exist in akilogram of rock.The most habitable meteorite samples analysed appeared to be made of a rock type calledregolith breccia.These are thought to come from the southern highlands of Mars,which is the mostancient area on Mars,Tamas says.Underground life as described by this research,would require water and it remains unknown if5groundwater exists on the planet,says Lujendra Ojha,a planetary scientist at Rutgers University.Determining whether the Martin subsurface contains water will be an important next step,but thisinvestigation helps to motivate that search.Ojha says,Where there is groundwater,there could belife.*163.Scientists believe the Martian subsurface might be habitable probably b e c a u s e.A.the Martin surface absorbs rays in the universeB.radio-lysis may exist in the Martian undergroundC.radiation combines ingredients for subsurface life to surviveD.cracks in Martian meteorites overflow with bacteria64.Whafs the purpose of using Martian meteorites?第5 页/总21页A.To measure the Martian habitability below-groundB.To simulate the process of producing hydrogen.C.To help life find shelter from solar windsD.To explore the source of hydrogen gas.65.What can be inferred from the last 3 paragraphs?A.Tamas was the first to study Mars radiolysis.B.The Martian underground proved to be rich in bacteria.C.The southem highlands of Mars are the most habitable.D.The existence of groundwater is key to the investigation findings.66.The passage is mainly concerned wi t h.A.the reason fbr no life on the Martian surfaceB.the source of data fbr the study of Martian habitabilityC.the possibility of Mars sustaining life through radiationD.the richness of radioactive elements below the Martian surface上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(A)At the 4th Street P hoto Gallery on the comer of the Bowcry,many photos are strung together likeclothes on a laundry line.There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat,plus aseries of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley,a neglected but talented NewYork photographer.The city has been Mr Harsle/s home since 1948,when,aged ten,he moved there from SouthCarolina.He took his first photograph ten years later,and became the first black photographer to workfbr the city*s district attorneys office.His vivid pictures fkeez。moments in New Yorks evolution 什omthe 1950s to the present,“It could start with the smell of something burning/he says of his method.And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen goingthrough their routine/第6页/总21页Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment inHarlem;they include images of black activists,streets submerged in snow and shots of the CrownHeights riots of 1991.A.D.Coleman,a photography critic,says Mr.Harsley has been able to capturethe lives of minority groups by making himself“invisible”.His aim has been to assemble thesefragments（片段）into an extended history of the city.Mr.Harsley*s gallery is a time capsule.For decades,it is also a hub fbr the cit/s artisticunderworld.In the 1970s New Yorks photography scene was flourishing,but exclusive.As Mr.Harsley puts it,“a number of great artists were swept aside“because they lacked connections.Helpingtalent became part of his mission.In 1971 he established The Minority P hotographers,an organizationthat helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work.He opened his gallery two years later;manyphotographers have had their first shows there.56.How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A.undervalued but expert B.gifted but exclusiveC.unknown but devoted D.gifted but awkward57.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B.His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C.His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D.His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58.Why does Mr.Harsley make himself invisible1?A.To assemble the minority groups of the city.B.To highlight the lives of minority groups.C.To help promising artists attract more public attention.D.To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59.How did Mr.Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B.He set an organization displaying their works.第7页/总21页C.He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D.He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below,please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123第8页/总21页PROBLEMPOSSIBLE CAUSESOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot.The cups were not preheated.Warm the cups by rinsing themwith hot water(N.B.you can usethe hot water function).Coffee does not come outof the spouts.The spouts are blocked.Clean the spouts with atoothpick.The coffee does not comeout of the spouts,but fromaround the service door.The holes in the spouts areclogged with dry coffee dust.,The coffee guide inside theservice door is blocked andcannot swing.,Clean the spouts with atoothpick,sponge or hardbristled kitchen brush.Thoroughly clean the coffeeguide,particularly near thehinges.The frothed milk has largebubbles.The milk is not cold enough oris not semi-skimmed.,You should ideally useskimmed or semi-skimmed milkat refrigerator temperature(about5).If the result is not as youwished,try changing brand ofmilk.The milk is not frothed(起泡).,Cappuccino maker dirty.Clean as described in thesection“Cleaning the cappuccino makerafter use”.Steam delivery stops A safety device stops steamdelivery after 3 minutes.,Wait,then activate the steamfunction again.The appliance does notcome on.It is not plugged into the mainssocket.The main switch(A2)is notturned on.P lug into the mains socket P lace the main switch in the Iposition.60.If the appliance doesnt work,which of the following may be the cause?A.It has been used for many years.B.It is not plugged into the socket.C.Its temperature is too high.D.Its spouts are blocked.61.According to the table,which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter,you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly,you may wait and activate the function again.C.coffee doesnt come out of spouts,you may check them with a toothpick.D.If milk is not frothed,you may use semi-skimmed milk.62.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A coffee bean package.B.A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C.A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D.A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice.Many psychologicalstudies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic,analyticand abstract mental life than do East Asians.Several hypotheses(假设)have been put forward toexplain this.第9页/总21页One,that modernization promotes individualism,foils at the first hurdle:Japan,an ultra-modcmcountry whose people have retained a collective outlook.A second,that a higher rate of infectiousdisease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous,and causes groups to turn inward,ishardly better.Europe has had its share of plagues;probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a thirdsuggestion:that the crucial difference is agricultural.The basic West crop is wheat;the Easfs
