【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题01 完形填空（含解析）.pdf

【高考英语】2020-2022届三年上海市浦东新区高三模拟试卷专项突破专题0 1完形填空上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Directions:For each blank in the following passage,there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The word adolescence*literally means growing up”(from the Latin adolescere).41、it describes a distinct stage between childhood and adulthood,but in practice oftensimply defines the teenage”years.In most Western societies,the idea of adolescence was not42 until the 20 th century;childhood ended and adulthood began at a certain age-typicallyat 18.G.Stanley Hall,a psychologist and educator,in his 1904 book Adolescence,was the first toexplore the 43.Hall was influenced by Darwins theory of evolution,perceiving that allchildhoods,especially with regard to behavior and early physical development,reflect the course of44 change,and that we each develop in accordance with our ancestral record1.One key influence on Hall was the 18th-century Sturm and Drang”(Storm and Stress)movement of German writers and musicians,which promoted total freedom of expression.Hall45 adolescence as nSturm and Drang;he considered it a stage of emotional disturbance andrebellion,with behavior ranging from quiet moodiness to wild 46.He stated that adolescentsnare eager for strong feelings and new sensations,while routine and detail are 47 H.Awareness of self and the environment greatly increases;everything is more 48 felt,andsensation is pursued for its own sake.Many of HalFs findings are 49 in research today.Hall believed that adolescents arehighly affected by depression and described a curve of despondency(消沉)“that starts at the age第1页/总10页of 11,50 at 15,then falls steadily until the age of 23.Modem research acknowledges asimilar pattern.The causes of depression that Hall 51 are surprisingly familiar:suspicion ofbeing disliked and having seemingly insuperable character faults,and the 52 of hopelesslove*.He believed the self-consciousness of adolescence leads to criticizing self and others.This viewmirrors later studies,which argue that teenagers,advanced 53 skills allow them to”readbetween the lines*,while also intensifying their sensitivity to situations.Even HalFs claim thatcriminal activity is more common in the teenage years,reaching the top around 18,still 54.However,Hall was not totally negative about adolescence.Adolescence is a new 55 J1as he wrote in Youth:Its Education,Regiment,and Hygiene,for the higher and more completelyhuman qualities are how born.141.A.In theoryB.In essenceC.In contrastD.In general42.A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed43.A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject44.A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural45.A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified46.A.decision-makingB.problem-solvingC.risk-takingD.example-following47.A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive48.A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly49.A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed50.A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks51.A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.determined52.A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power53.A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal54.A.sounds one-sidedB.holds trueC.remains unknowns D.stands out55.A.trendB.outletC.birthD.model上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷第2页/总10页Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science,particularly American science,would be colour-blind.Oncesomeone from the countrys ethnic minorities has got bench ce in a laboratory,he might reasonably(41)to be treated on merit(功绩)and nothing else.(42),a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansassuggests that is not true.Dr Ginther,who was working(43)Americas National Institutesof Health(NIH),found that(44)matters a lot.Moreover,it is not just a question of whitesupremacy.Asian and Hinic scientists do just as well as white ones.Black scientists,(45),do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants,ethnic(46)from their names,or the institutions they attended as students.Consciously or not,the reviewers maythen be awarding less merit to those from people with“black-sounding“names,or who were educatedat universities whose students are predominantly black.Indeed,a(n)(47)bias has beenfound in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world.One well-known study,published in 2003by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago,found thatfictitious CVs(简 历)with stereo typically white names elicited 50%more(48)ofinterviews than did CVs with black names,even when the applicants9 stated(49)wereidentical.Another possible explanation is social(50):It is in the nature of groups ofexperts(which is precisely what peer-review panels are)to know both each other and each othersmost promising acolytes.Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of(51)consideration.If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative,those(52)from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place wouldfind it harder to break in.Though Dr Ginthers results are(53),it is to the NIHs credit that it has published herfindings.The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the(54)of the reviewpanels to see whether excising potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes.Other第3页/总10页agencies,and not just in America,should pay strict attention to all this,and ask themselves if they,too,are(55)people of particular races.Such discrimination is not only disgraceful,but also astupid waste of talent!41.A.expectB.cooperateC.decideD.challenge42.A.SimilarlyB.EvidentlyC.UnfortunatelyD.Undoubtedly43.A.in favour ofB.on behalf ofC.in honor ofD.in the name of44.A.healthB.nationalityC.genderD.race45.A.howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.meanwhile46.A.divisionsB.customsC.originsD.designs47.A.unknownB.similarC.ObviousD.strong48.A.feedbackB.typesC.elementsD.offers49.A.qualificationsB.interviewsC.namesD.researches50.A.securityB.statusC.networkingD.order51.A.moralB.favourableC.casualD.minor52.A.excludedB.installedC.downloadedD.restored53.A.positiveB.conclusiveC.troublingD.encouraging54.A.positionB.subjectC.prospectD.composition55.A.remindingB.employingC.informingD.failing上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷The networked computer is an amazing device.It is the first media machine that serves as themode of production(you can make stuff),means of distribution(you can upload stuff to the network),site o f_41_(you can download stuff and interact with it),and place of praise and criticism(you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded)._42_,the computer is the21st centurys culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to_43_the computer,we must also act with caution.This第4页/总10页is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading一between passive consumption and active_44_一whose outcome will shape our collectivefuture in ways we can only begin to imagine.All animals download,but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies.Humans are_45_in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them tocreate superfluous(过剩 的)material goods(paintings,sculpture and architecture)and superfluousexperiences(music,literature,religion and philosophy)._46_,it is precisely these superfluousthings that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consumingculture requires great skills,but_47_to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of adefining ingredient of humanity.Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines,most people are still _48_download mode,brought about by television watching.Even after the_49_of widespreadsocial media,a pyramid of production remains,with a small number of people uploading material,aslightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content,and a huge percentage remainingsatisfied to just_50_.The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to_51_the flow caused byTV viewing,to encourage thoughtftil downloading and,even more importantly,meaningful uploading.The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete _52_ from the culture oftelevision and a shift from a consumption model to a production model.This is a historic opportunity.Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture.The_ 53_is now inour collective grasp.It involves controlling our intake,or downloading,and_54_our levels ofactivity-uploading.Of course people will still download.Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culturethey consume.But using the networked computer as a download-only device,or even a download-mainly device,is a _55_opportunity that history affords us.Therefore,the goal must be toestablish a balance between consumption and production.41.A.celebration B.conversations C.reception D.ceremonies第5页/总10页42.A.Without doubtB.In returnC.In particularD.By contrast43.A.liberateB.celebrateC.concernD.reject44.A.requestB.supportC.defenseD.creation45.A.uniqueB.familiarC.efficientD.loyal46.A.In additionB.In factC.For instanceD.By the way47.A.strivingB.comparingC.failingD.attempting48.A.optimistic aboutB.unfamiliar withC.stuck inD.ashamed of49.A.transformationB.emergenceC.encounterD.maintenance50.A.consumeB.neglectC.combineD.innovate51.A.enhanceB.quickenC.reverseD.extend52.A.outcomeB.exposureC.breakD.evolution53.A.puzzleB.cureC.regretD.favor54.A.analysingB.maintainingC.featuringD.increasing55.A.wastedB.treasuredC.multipliedD.revised答案：上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷41 A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.B 48.A 49.D 50.D51.C 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是心理学家和教育家斯坦利霍尔(G.Stanley Hall)在1904年出版的 青春期(Adolescence)一书中对“青春期”这一主题的探讨。41题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：理论上，它描述的是童年和成年之间的一个明显阶段，但实际上，它通常只是简单地定义了 青少年 时期。A.In theory理论上；B.In essence本质上；C.In contrast比较起来；D.In general通常。由后文的but in practice 可知，此处是说“在理论上“，即 In theory,故选 A。第6 页/总10页42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数西方社会，青春期的观念直到20世纪才被承认；童年结束，成年开始于某个年龄-通常是18岁。A.exchanged交换；B.recognized承认；C.imposed实施；D.transformed转换。由后文的until the 20th century 可知，青春期的观念直到 20世纪才被承认，故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家和教育家斯坦利霍尔(G.Stanley Hall)在 1904年出版的 青春期(Adolescence)书中首次探讨了这一主题。A.difference不同之处；B.world世界；C.possibility 可能性；D.subject 主题。由前面的in his 1904 book Adolescence”可知，霍尔在 青春期中探讨了青春期这个主题，故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍尔受到达尔文进化论的影响，他认为所有的童年，尤其是行为和早期身体发育，都反映了进化变化的过程，我们每个人都是按照我们的“祖先记录”发展的。A.evolutionary 进化的；B.consequential 随之而来的;C.minimal 最小的；D.structural 结构的。由上文的“influenced by Darwins theory of evolution可知，霍尔受到达尔文进化论的影响，认为所有的童年都反映了进化变化的过程，故选A。45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔将青春期解释为“狂飙时期”。A.employed雇佣；B.interpreted 解释；C.treated 对待：D.classified 分类。由后面的as Sturm and Drang 可知，霍尔将青春期解释为“狂飙时期”，故选B。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为这是一个情绪紊乱和叛逆的阶段，行为从安静的喜怒无常到疯狂的冒险。A.decision-making 决策：B.problem-solving 解决问题；C.risk-taking 冒险；D.example-following效仿。由前面的Sturm and Drang”可知，句子表示“这个阶段的行为从安静的喜怒无常到疯狂的冒险”。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，青少年“渴望强烈的感觉和新的感觉，而常规和细节是无第7 页/总10页法忍受的。A.inexhaustible无穷无尽的；B.intolerable无法忍受的；C.inadequate不够的；D.instinctive 本能的。由前面的“are eager for strong feelings and new sensations 可知，句子表示“青少年”渴望强烈的感觉和新的感觉，而常规和细节是无法忍受的”，故选B。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一切事物的感觉都更为敏锐，人们追求的是感觉本身。A.keenly敏锐地；B.hesitantly 犹豫地；C.slightly 轻微地；D.oddly 古怪地。由前面的Awareness of selfand the environment greatly increasesw可知，他们对自我和环境的意识提高，因此一切事物的感觉都更为敏锐，故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔的许多发现在今天的研究中得到了呼应。A.published出版；B.revised 修改；C.summarized 总结；D.echoed 附和。由后面的Modem research acknowledges asimilar pattern可知，霍尔的许多发现在今天的研究中得到了呼应，因此空格处是“附和”，故选D。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔认为，青少年深受抑郁的影响，并描述了一条“抑郁曲线”，从 11岁开始，15岁达到顶峰，然后稳步下降，直到23岁。A.bounces反弹：B.jumps跳;C.swings摆动；D.peaks顶峰。由前面的starts和后面的then falls steadily”可知，句子表示“从 11岁开始，15岁达到顶峰，然后稳步下降”，故选D。51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因令人惊讶地熟悉：怀疑自己不受欢迎，有看似无法克服的性格缺点，以及“对无望的爱情的幻想”。A.promoted促进；B.eliminated去除；C.identified 识别；D.determined 决定。由前面的The causes of depression that Hall”可知，此处指霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因，空格处是 识别，故选C。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因令人惊讶地熟悉:怀疑自己不受欢迎，有看似无法克服的性格缺点，以及“对无望的爱情的幻想”。A.lack缺乏；B.fhney幻想；C.claim声称；D.power权力。由后面的of hopeless love”可知,此处是指“对无望的爱情的幻第8 页/总10页想”，故选B。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一观点反映了后来的研究，后者认为青少年的高级推理能力使他们能够“读懂言外之意”，同时也增强了他们对环境的敏感性。A.reasoning推理的；B.coping 应对；C.social 社会的；D.verbal 口头的。由后文的allow them toYead between thelines”可知，青少年的高级推理能力使他们能够“读懂言外之意”，空格处是“推理的”，故选 A【54题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使是霍尔所说的犯罪活动在青少年时期更为普遍，在 18岁左右达到顶峰的说法也仍然成立。A.sounds one-sided听起来一边倒；B.holds true适用；C.remains unknowns 仍然未知；D.stands out 突出。由前面的Modern research acknowledges asimilar pattern可知，此处表示“霍尔所说的在18岁左右达到顶峰的说法也仍然成立”，因此空格处是“适用”，故选B。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如他在 青年：教育、团体和卫生一书中所写的那样，“青春期是一种新生，因为更高、更完整的人类素质是如何诞生的A.trend趋势；B.outlet分销点;C.birth 出生；D.model 模型。由后面的for the higher and more completely human qualities arehow bom”可知，此处是说“青春期是一种新生”，故选C。上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷41-55ACBDA CBDAC BACDD上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷41-55 CABDA BCCBA CCBDA第9 页/总10页第10页/总10页