事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习.pdf
未来教育事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习阅读理解短文（7 0 篇）Passage 2People can be addicted to different things-e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certain foods,or eventelevision.People who have such an addiction（癖好；瘾）are compulsive（难以抑制的）；i.e.,they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.According topsychologists,many people are compulsive spenders.They feel that they must spend money.Thiscompulsion,like most others,is irrational-impossible to explain reasonably.For compulsivespenders who buy on credit（赊购），charge accounts（赊购帐户）are even more exciting thanmoney.In other words,compulsive spenders feel that with credit,they can do anything.Theirpleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from thethings they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting.To save money,of course,mostpeople look for sales,low prices,and discounts.Compulsive bargain hunters,however,often buythings that they dont need just because they are cheap.They want to believe that they are helpingtheir budgets,but they are really playing an exciting game.When they can buy something for lessthan other people,they feel that they are winning.Most people,experts claim,have two reasonsfor their behavior:a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists,of course,who understand the psychology of spending habits,butalso businesspeople.Stores,companies,and advertisers use psychology to increase business:Theyconsider peoples needs for love,power,or influence,their basic values,their beliefs and opinions,and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy（疗法）to help individuals solvetheir personality problems.In the same way,they can help people who feel that they haveproblems with money.1.According to the psychologists,a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts ofmoney .A）and takes great pleasure from what he or she buysB）in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in lifeC）just to meet his or her strong psychological needD）entirely with an irrational eagerness2.According to the writer,compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowestpossible prices .A）because they want to save money to help their budgetsB）because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for lessC）and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgetsD）but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others3.Which of the following is true?A）All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.B）Businesspeople and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.C）Businesspeople understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientistsdo.D)compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.4.The article is mainly about .A)the psychology of money-spending habitsB)the purchasing habits of compulsive spendersC)a special psychology of bargain huntingD)the use of the psychology of spending habits in business5.From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargainhunters .A)are really unreasonableB)need special treatmentC)are really beyond remediesD)can never get any help to solve their problems with moneyPassage 4In 1838 the polical economist Malthous predicted that in time mankind would face starvation,having outgrown the available food supplies.Today,a century and a half later,there are stillexperts who forecast the same global disaster-unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it.By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people livingon this globe,an increase of over fifty percent of today1 5 figure.In order to keep pace with thisincrease in mankind the farmers of the world would have to step up their production of food by atleast two percent every year.Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country byconventional methods of agriculture,despite modem mechanization and the widespread use offertilizer.There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining,and good fertileland is continually being diverted to industrial use.Moreover,erosion of the soil takes a constanttoll.Intensive research,carried out over many years in all manners of climatic conditions,hasproduced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all.Hydroponics,asthis technique is called,may well be the answer to all our food worries.Already it hasaccomplished wonders in producing huge crops.Hydroponics was once a complicatied andexpensive business;now it is well out of the experimental stage.Labour costs are far lower thanwhen methods of agriculture are employed.In fact,it is a completely automatic system.There isno hard manual work,no digging or ploughing,and no weeding to speak of.Yields can be farhigher than they are in soil.1.Which of the following best sums up the whole passage!?A)Malthus*prediction has been proved to be correct by modem experts.B)Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future.C)Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture.D)Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved so as to step up food production bytwo percent every year.2.The phrase having outgrown the available food supplies1 in the first paragraph impliesthat .A)the available food supplies will be enough to feed world populationB)the earth is too exhausted to support its increasing populationC)world population will grow at a rate faster than food productionD)food supplies will be too much available for would population.3 According to the author,what is the main reason why an increase in the production of food isnot be achieved?A)Conventional methods of agriculture are still prevailing all over the world.B)Modem mechanization and the use of fertilizers are not well popularized in the world.C)There are not enough potential farmaland reserves left.D)Land is being lost through erosion and industrialization.4.Which of the follwoing statements is not true of hydroponics?A)Hydroponics is considered a revolutionary method of agriculture.B)Hydroponics is still too complicated and expensive for practical use.C)Hydroponics had created wonders in agriculture.D)Hydroponics had already been employed in food production.5.Judging from the passage,the most important advantage of hydroponics should beA)higher yield B)lower labour costsC)more automation D)less hard manual workPassage 6Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley,a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross hisdesk every day.Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,he says.t(Resumes(简历)arrive with stains.Some candidates dont bother to spell the companysname coirectly.Once I see a mistake,I eliminate the candidate,Crossley concludes.If theycannot take care of these details,why should we trust them with a job?Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely.Perfectionists struggle over littlethings at the cost of something larger they work toward.nTo keep from losing the forest for thetrees,*says Charles Garfield,associate professor at the University of California,San Francisco,wemust constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture.If theydonl we should drop them and move to something else.”Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.The Apollo IImoon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time/1 says Garfield.But a successfullanding was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us tomake adjustments as necessary.1 Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance ofevery task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a luckybreak(机遇).But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again,we see that by doing littlethings within our grasp well,large rewards follow.1.According to the passage,some job applicants were rejected .A)because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resumeB)because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resumeC)because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applicationsD)because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves2.The word“perfectionists(Line 1,para.3)refers to those who.A)demand others to get everything absolutely rightB)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstancesC)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectivesD)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do3.Which of the following is the authors advice to the reader?A)Although too much attention to details may be costly,they should not be overlooked.B)Dont forget details when drawing pictures.C)Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D)Careless applicants are not to be trusted.4.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate t hat.A)minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectivesB)failure is the mother of successC)adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any workD)keeping one*s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked5.The best title for this passage would be .A)Dont Be a PerfectionistB)Importance of AdjustmentsC)Details and Major ObjectivesD)Hard Work Plus Good LuckPassage 7The names of Galen,Andress Vesalius,and William figure prominently in the history ofmarTs study of his own body.Galen,a Greek who practiced medicine in Rome in the secondcentury A.D.,contributed immeasurably to the understanding of anatomy(解剖学).Hisdissections(解却J)were limited to apes,hovevr,because Roman religious and philosophicalattitudes made experimentation on the human body unthinkable.Even so,his reputation was sooutstanding and his conclusions were so logical that his writings on anatomy and physiology wereaccepted by medical men for more than a thousand years.Vesalius,a citizen of Belgium,who went to Paris to study medicine made the first majorsuccessful challenge of the teachings and the theories of Galen.Vesalius shocked his professorsby proposing that knowledge of human anatomy should be learned from human bodies.No onetook him seriously because there was a French law prohibiting dissection of the hunian body.Vesalius,nevertheless,conducted research in secret.When he published his book on humananatomy in 1543,medical scientists criticized him for daring to attack the writings of Galen.Eighty-five years later,an English physician named Harvey published a book that disprovedGalens theory of blood circulation.Although Harveys explanation was not universally acceptedat the time,medical men of today credit him with one of the greatest advances in medical history.I.The passage makes it clear that Galen .A)was regarded by medical men for more than a thousand yearsB)lacked proper training for medical researchC)wrote the first book on anatomyD)used human bodies for his experiments2.Which statement about Vesalius is most probably false?A)He risked being put into prison by doing research on human bodies.B)He thought he could get good medical training in Paris.C)He was very popular with his professors.D)He recognized the limitations of Galens work.3.In the passage,the author does not mention anything about HarvevsA)nationalityC)field of researchB)medical trainingD)profession4.According to the passage,we can conclude that Galen .A)taught and practiced medicine in GreeceB)shocked the medical men of his time with his researchC)made some incorrect statements about the human bodyD)refused to let Roman religious beliefs interfere with his research5 The passage is mainly concerned wi t h.A)three important contributors to the science of anatomyB)the circulation of blood in the huntan bodyC)the differences between animal and human anatomyD)restriction on anatomical research in medical historvPassage 8The oldest living things on Earth are trees.Some of Californias sequoias(幻：杉木)have forfour thousand years looked down on the changes in the landscape and the comings and goings ofhumans.They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were beingbuilt.Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountaincliffs on.which,thty grow,like cathedral columns holding up the sky.It is hard to imaginingplaying any part in the lives of mere humans or being in.any way affected by the.creatures thatpass at their feet.Lesser trees,however,have played an intimate role in the lives of people since they firstappeared on.Earth.Trees fed the fires that warmed humans,they provided shelter,food andmedicine,and even clothing.They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons.Trees expressed thegrandeur,and mystery of life,as they moved through the cycle of seasons,from life to death,andback to life again.Trees were the largest living things around humans and they knew that sometrees had been standing on the same spot in their parents5 and grandparents time,and wouldcontinue to stand long after they were gone.No wonder these trees became symbols of strength,fruitfulness,and everlasting life.1.People have used trees fot the following use EXCEPT .A)For furniture B)For fuelC)For housing D)For nourishmnt2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase giant patriarchsH in line 4,paragraph 1?A)Tiny seeds B)important leadersC)towering trees D)Egyptian pyramids3.In paragraph 2,line 2,the word“they refers to .A)trees B)seasonsC)grandeur and.mystery D)peoples spiritual horizons4.The passage suggests that,compared with sequoias,other trees have.A)been in existence longerB)adapted moer readily to their environmentsC)been affected more by animalsD)had a closer relationship with people5.What is the passage mainly about.?A)Trees grow to great heights.B)Trees have been important to people throughout history.C)Trees make humans seem superior.D)Trees that grow in California are very old.Passage 9Most libraries now take advantage of microfilm to store newspapers and other materials thatwould otherwise take up acres of valuable shelf space.If you arent acquainted with the stuff,ifthe projector in the reference room has looked like an intimidating mystery,you should get toknow it,for marvelous research opportunities are available to you if you do.If,for instance,youare writing a paper on World War II,wouldnt it be great to see the front page of a newspaper forDecember 8,1941,the day the U.S.Congress declared war?Or to quote from an editorialpublished on that fateful day?Microfilm is small photographic film that contains the images of printed pages in reducedform.A whole weeks file of daily newspapers can be preserved on a strip of microfilm two incheswide and seven or eight feet long.Wound into a roll and stashed in a small,labeled box,themicrofilm can be stored in a
