考研英语长难句(下).pdf

1、But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small,subconscious waycontributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience,in the sameway that a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel might make us look justa little bit like Jennifer Aniston.主干识别:its interesting to wonder.其 他 成 分:if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small,subconscious waycontributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experienceIf引导的宾语从句in the same way th a t引导宾语从句中的状语从句：a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel might make us look just a little bitlike Jennifer Aniston.翻译点拨：词汇点拨：Parenthood 父 母（身 份）=parentSubconscious 潜意识 Contributing to 造成the Rachel瑞秋（六人行中的主角之一，很 美，剧中是一个单生妈妈）JenniferAniston瑞秋的扮演者，生活中也是一个单生妈妈，前夫是布拉德.皮特主句的处理：Its interesting to wonder.形式主语可以直接翻译为：但是有趣的是可以思考一下宾语从句的处理：这里需要结合一个结构：To wonder if.arent.这个结构是可以翻译为否定也可以翻译为肯定的，多翻译为肯定。状语的处理：in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting the Rachel might makeus look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。参考译文：有趣的是可以思考一下，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。2、Were Fabric Tourre merely an ordinary defendant in a case brought by theSecurity and Exchange Commission（SEC）,it would be time to forget his name.But on august 1st a jury in a Manhattan federal court found him liable on sixcounts of securities fraud-including one of aiding and abetting his formeremployer,Goldman Sachs.This means that a jury has found that the worldsmost successful investment bank has done something wrong-and that thecase may be far from over.词汇突破：Security and Exchange Commission(SEC)美国证监会federal court联邦法庭found sb liable o n认为为而负责counts of securities fraud 股票账户造假aiding and abetting 帮助和支持Goldman Sachs高盛公司（著名投资银行）Jury陪审团 Fraud造假句子讲解：第 一 句：虚拟语气，省略了 i f引起倒装，补全之后是：If Fabric Tourre were merely an ordinary defendant.参 考 译 文：如果法布里克.图尔是一个由证监会发起的诉讼案件中的普通被告，那么是时候忘记他的名字了。第 二 句：第二句和第一句之间构成转折关系。参 考 译 文：但 是8月1日，曼哈顿联邦法庭的陪审团发现他应该为六个股票账户的造假负责，包括一个为了帮助其前雇主高盛公司的账户。第 三 句：和第二句构成递进；参 考 译 文：这就意味着陪审团发现了这个世界上最成功的投资银行做错事了，这个案子还远没有结束。3、Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn thenewly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolvearound the sun rather than around the earth.主干 识 别:Galileos greatest glory was that（主句主干）he was the first person to prove that（从句主干）the planets revolve around the sun（从句主干）其他成 分:to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that（定 语）（turn.on.to prove（目的状语）.）rather than around the earth（我们很熟悉的 rather than 做 状 语）翻译点拨：中文到英文，如果表语较短的时候没有必要遵守英文中的主系表结构:他是第一个人 就直接翻译为f他第一 b”就可以了。He is the one who inventedthe telephone.可以翻译为：他发明了电话=他是发明电话的那个人。参 考 译 文：伽利略最大的辉煌就是在1609年的时候，他第一个将新发明的望远镜对准了天空，去证明了行星是围绕着太阳而不是地球转动的。附上一个句子：Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵主 句：sometimes one pays most for the things定语从句省略了 that:（that）one gets for nothingthat 指代前面的 things 做 宾 语；完 整 就 是:one gets the things for nothing直接翻译就是：有 时 候，一个人为不费任何代价而得来的东西支付了最多；转 译：有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵4、In a speech delivered at Knox College in Illinois,Barack Obama launchedhis final campaign:a campaign to revive the American Dream.The speech,less eloquent and windier than the best of Obamas,told Americans a clearstory and called on them to support a clear direction.The White Housepromises that this will be the beginning of a campaign,not aone-off statement for the record.Obama finally called out the faction ofRepublicans that stands in the way of progress.词汇突破:windier废话连篇；心情紧张的 e lo q u e n t流 畅,雄辩faction 派系斗争 stands in the way of progress 阻碍进步one-off 一次性的例 J句:It was just a one-off;it wont happen again.下不为例J5、We dont know if this pledge will be fulfilled,or if the initiative will beswamped in the cesspool of budget negotiations,Republican obstruction andpresidential concessions that will descend once more on Washington in the fall.But the initiative has the potential of drawing clear distinctions with theRepublican right,and offering Americans a clear choice.Given that,it is worthunderstanding the scope-and the limits-of the presidents vision.词汇突破：pledge承诺 obstruction阻挡concession 妥协Given th a t基于此cesspool of budget negotiations 预算谈判的泥沼scope-and the limits-of the presidents vision总统视野有多远，有什么局限draw clear distinctions 做明确的区分例 句:We must draw a clear distinction between right and wrong.sw am p淹 没；使 沉 没；使陷入困难；去除例J句:They will usually be swamped by forces working in the opposite direction.它们常会被在相反方向起作用的力量所盖没。6、When a little-known senator named Barack Obama gave a speech at KnoxCollege in Illinois in 2005,he ripped into then-president George Bushs policiesas Social Darwinism that left workers jobless and families unable to affordcollege or health insurance.Mr.Bushs ideas were at odds,he claimed,withthe decent wages,benefits and public schools that had created a massivemiddle class.词汇突破：l.ripinto责骂例 句：The candidate ripped into his opponent mercilessly.这名候选人无情地抨击他的对手。2.At odds w ith与不 一 致；与不和例 句:This action is greatly at odds with his previous attitude.这一行动与他以往的态度大相径庭。参考译 文：2005年，奥巴马还是一个不知名的议员，他在伊利诺伊州诺克斯学院发表的演讲，他将时任总统乔治布什总统的政策批判成为“社会达尔文主义”这样的政策使得工人失业，家庭无法承担孩子的教育费用，付不起医疗保险。他表示布什总统的理念和“体面的工资，福利和公立学校，这些造就可观数量的中产阶级”的理念是不一致的。7、Since then Mr Obama has repeatedly returned to this theme.He nearlyalways describes his policies as being good for the middle class.Nonetheless,when he returned to Knox Coliegeon July 24th,he admitted that,four yearsinto his presidency,the middle class may be worse off.在那之后的奥巴马常常会提及这些问题。他几乎一直把他的政策描述为对中产阶级大有裨益的。然 而，7月2 4日，当他再次来到诺克斯学院时，他 承 认，他任职总统的四年可能使中产阶级过的更糟糕。Wages are stagnant because the recovery has been slow.Globalization andtechnology allow foreigners and machines to compete for jobs once done byAmericans.But this week Mr.Obama focused the blame on his politicaladversaries and their endless parade of distractions,political posturing andphony scandals.词汇突破：stagnant停滞 phony虚假的political adversaries 政治对手（a）parade of 一系歹Uposturing故作姿态；装腔作 势；装模作样例 句：She says the President may just be posturing.她说总统也许只是在做样子而已。参 考 译 文：由于经济复苏缓慢所以薪资停滞不涨。全球化和技术（进 步）给外国人和机器提供机会来竞争原本由美国人来完成的工作。但 在 本 周，奥巴马总统将矛头指向政治对手，指责共和党不断的使政府分神、故作政治姿态和（捏 造）虚假丑闻。8、Its aim was less to drum up support for specific bills than,as one official putit,to lift the conversation to a higher level.That is away from touchy topics likethe Internal Revenue Services misdeeds and the National Security Agencyssnooping.词汇突 破：drum u p招 揽，征 集，鼓 吹，争取例 句:The government has managed to drum up some support for the idea.政府设法征集到对这一想法的支持。less+否 定than+肯定 touchy需要小心对待的；棘手的Internal Revenue Services misdeeds 国家税务局丑闻National Security Agencys snooping.国家安全局窃听丑闻参考译文：像一位官员所说，奥巴马总统演讲并不是设法争取获得民众对具体提案的支持，而 是，将对话提到一个更高的层次。”而这样就避开了如美国国税局丑闻和国家安全局窃听丑闻等棘手的议题。9,The immigration bill taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee,says Jeff Sessions,one of its members,is like a mackerel in thesunshinethe longer its out there,the worse it smells.To lengthen its spell inthe sun,he and other opponents are hindering it with amendments.Meanwhilethe Heritage Foundation,a conservative think-tank,has released a reportclaiming that provisions giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chanceto become citizens would cost America$6.3 trillion over the next 50 years.Sofar,the bipartisan alliance behind the bill appears to be holding.But the debateis revealing how delicate that coalition is,and how long and hard a fight itfaces.词汇突破：taken u p受理 coalition联合合作the Senate judiciary committee美国参议院司法委员会mackerel鳍鱼 spell时间段 amendments修正案a conservative think-tank 保守派的智库provisions 条款 bipartisan 两党的alliance 联盟 11m-odd 大约 1100 百万trillion 万亿holding（活动或行动）暂时用作维持现状的第一句主干：The immigration bill is like a mackerel in the sunshine-thelonger its out there,the worse it smells其他成分：says Jeff Sessions主谓做插入语one of its members jeff sessions 的同位语taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee 定语参考译文：美国参议院司法委员会本周受理了移民法案，委员会成员之一杰夫塞欣斯(Jeff Sessions)说，法案就像 太阳底下的鳍鱼，放得越久越难闻第二句主干:he and other opponents are hindering it with amendments.其 他 成 分:状 语:To lengthen its spell in the sun,参考译文:为了让这条“鱼”在太阳底下放得久一些，他和其他反对者用修正案来阻碍这个法案。第 三 句 主 干:the Heritage Foundation has released a report其 他 成 分:claiming that provisions giving Americas 11 m-odd illegalimmigrants a chance to become citizens would cost America$6.3 trillion overthe next 50 years.(报 告 声 称:)微观分析:宾语从句中的主干:provisions would cost America$6.3 trillion overthe next 50 years.provisions 的 定 语:giving Americas 11 m-odd illegalimmigrants a chance to become citizens参考译文：同 时，保守派智库传统基金会(Heritage Foundation)发布报告称：有关让美国1100万非法移民转为公民的条款，在未来五十年将花费美国6.3万亿美元。第四句主干:So far,the bipartisan alliance behind the bill appears to beholding.参考译文：目前为止，两党在法案上的联合看起来依旧如故。第五句主干:But the debate is revealing how delicate that coalition is,and howlong and hard a fight it faces.参 考 译 文：但是争执却也揭示了联合会是多么的脆弱，他们将要面对的斗争又将是多么的持久和艰难。10、With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenthcentury and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment,a newconception of education began to emerge.词汇点拨：Federalist establishment联邦体制Ensuing紧 接 的，接踵而至的例J句:But as to what happened there after,that will be disclosed in the ensuingchapter.欲知后事如何，且听下回分解。主干识别：a new conception of education began to emerge.其 他 成 分:With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of thenineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment 状语参考译文：随 着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展和接踵而至的联邦体制的衰退，一种新的教育观念开始浮现出来。11、Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status,but aninstrument in the acquisition of higher status.参考译文：教育不再是对先前存在的地位的确认，而成了获得更高地位的工具。12、For a new generation of upwardly mobile students,the goal of educationwas not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they hadbeen born,but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them intoa different and better world.参 考 译 文：对于不断进步的新一代学生来说，教育的目标不是培养他们在自己出生的环境中舒适地生活，而是教给他们一些新的品德和技能，从而把他们推进一个不同13、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs hisactivity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies toan exploration of rules of conduct in business.(2006)解 析：这句话主要难在not.any more than.这一引导两个句子进行比较的结构上。Any more than主要用在否定句当中，表示强调语气，如：He did not wantto express himself any more strongly than he had to（不至!万不得已他并不想这样言辞激烈卜可以把49题的这句话简化为这样一个结构便于理解：task is nottothink about something,just as a businessman is not expected to dosomething（他的任务不是考虑，就如同不指望一个商人去做的一样）。Rules都可译成“规 范 除 此 之 外，考生还应注意moral code和rules of conduct的 译 法，这里的code和rules都可译成 规范参 考 译 文：但 是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人会探索行业规范一样。那么现在我们来看一下这个句子：Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisementany more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe hisshortcomings and more serious faults.解析:这个句子同样是结构:not.any more than的 变 体；这是在这里not变成了 nobody;Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in jobadvertisement先翻前半句：任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，any morethan+否定含义，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。参 考 译 文：任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。再补充两个短语：1.up in the air 悬而未决 2.hands-on亲力亲为例 句:Its all up in the air right now:no one can agree on whether to sell thecompany or not.例 句:Our shop manager is really hands-on.She gets involved with everythingfrom serving customers to stocking shelves.14、下面两句话是不是一1b意思？(1)No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science:exceptions can be found to any rule.在科学上，职业人士和业余人士之间没有鲜明的区别：任何规则(区 别)都能找到例外的情况。(2)Amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science.在科学的某些领域，业余人士能与职业人士竞争这两句话是在表达一个意思；在考研中可以被看作是同意替换。第一句是结论：任何区分专业和业余人士的规则都能找到例外；第二句是例子：这种情况就是一种例外啊；第 一 段：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index have each notchedup record highs so far this year,with investors enjoying double-digitgains.European shares,as measured by the Stoxx Europe 600 index,have reachedtheir highest levels in almost five years.词汇突破：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index道琼斯工业平均指数和标准普尔500指 数(美国的主要股票指数)Notch up赢 取；获得 高 分；口完成；创下例 句(1 )Average earnings in the economy moved up another notch in August.8 月份这个国家的平均收入又上了一个台阶(2 )The economy is expanding,notching up high growth rates.经济在发展，实现了高增长率。the Stoxx Europe 600 index 欧洲斯托克 600 指数参考译文：道琼斯工业指数和标准普尔5 0 0 指数在今年双双创下新高，投资者也享受着两位数的收益。欧洲股票的斯托克欧洲600指数也创近五年的新高。第 二 段：So what is fuelling the rally?It does not seem to be the strength of the globaleconomy.Recent data have been mixed.Last month the IMF lower editsglobal-growth forecast for the year from 3.5%to 3.3%.If global growthprospects were improving,one would expect emerging-market stock marketsto be performing well,too;in fact,they have been flat this year.And commodityprices usually strengthen when the economy improves,but The Economistsall-items index has fallen by 3.2%so far this year,with industrial materialsdropping by 7.1%.词汇突破：fue l刺 激，促 成；A fuels B（A=原 因,B=结果）rally n.集 合；重新集合；重整的信号；反败为胜（这里指股票的反弹）Mixed这里的意思是：喜忧参半；复杂emerging-market新兴市场（中国等）fla t不景气The Economists all-items index经济学人总商品指数（反应商品价格指数）参 考 译 文：是什么造成了这次反弹呢？这似乎并非是全球经济形势的原因。最近的 数 据 喜 忧 参 半：上月世界货币基金组织把全球增长预期从3.5%下调到了3.3%O如果全球增长前景不错，那我们可以期待新兴市场的股市表现良好，但事 实 上，今年它们也不景气。经济提升的时候，大宗商品价格通常会走强，但今年经济学人总商品指数迄今已下跌了 3.2%,工业原料指数更下跌7.1%。15、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment wherethere are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriateresponses will experience greater intellectual development.词汇突破：stimuli刺 激 物，单数形式：Stimulus Develop培养capacity for appropriate responses 恰当反应的能力intellectual development.智力的发展=智力水平的提高主 干：1、Behaviorists suggest that行为主义者认为其 他:2、the child w川 experience greater intellectual development.宾语从句,孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高=儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。3、who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli 定语从句,如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的。4、which develop his or hercapacity for appropriate responses 定语从句这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展翻译点拨：依然是注意调整一下各个分句的语序。先单独成句再按照中文语序调整一下。这里就是1342的顺序比较好参考译文行为主义者认为，如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的，而且这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展，那么孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高。16、A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slumwhen in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor,thepoor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,a realphenomenon in the late fifties.词汇突破：graduate students毕业生 Guise伪装intellectual智 力 的；有才智的 需用智力的（主要强调后天的知识）（04年第四篇文章）知识分子的Slum贫 民 窟，贫民区the intellectual poor 穷知识分子classic poor典型的穷人 Beat Generation垮 掉 的 一 代（上课提到的）主干识别:A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectuals lu m大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟其他成分：when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classicpoor状 语，在美国穷知识分子成为了典型的穷人the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,同位 语，在颇为浪漫的垮掉的一代的伪装下的穷人a real phenomenon in the late fifties.同 彳 立 语这是在50年代后期真实的现象翻译点拨：可以采取逆序法翻译，先翻译时间再翻译主句。（在考研的时候只要能基本翻译正确，不调整语序通常只会被扣0.5分，一定要确定自己调整的是正确的再去调整。）参 考 译 文：5 0年代晚期在美国出现了一个真实的现象，美国的穷知识分子（披上 了）颇为浪漫的“垮掉的一代”的 伪 装，成为了典型性的穷人，也就是在那时，大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。17、Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth centu