名词性从句-2022年高考英语备考纠错笔记.pdf

0 4 名词性从句 2022英语备考纠错笔记一.纠错一连接代词或连接副词的误用(1)【误】Sarah hopes to become a friend of who shares her interests.【正】Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.分析 从句shares her interests缺少主语，此处表述“无论谁，故用whoever引导宾语从句，并作从句主语。(2)【误】The road is covered with snow.I cant understand how they insist on going bymotorbike.【正】The road is covered with snow.I can*t understand why they insist on going bymotorbike.分析 句意：路上有积雪。我不理解他们为何坚持骑摩托车去。根据句意可知用why引导宾语从句。注意 造成以上错误主要是因为对句意理解不到位。实际上，英语试题要做出正确的选择，对语意语境的理解是前提，因此在平时训练时，一定要多加注意。纠错二 名词性从句中that与what的误用(1)【误】That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.【正】What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.分析 主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语。句意：什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。(2)【误】Before the sales start,I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.【正】Before the sales start,I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.分析 宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西广，故用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。注意 造成以上错误主要是因为对that和 what的语法功能区别不清。其区别如下：that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义：而 w hat引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。I will do what I can do to help him.我将尽力帮他。纠错三 从属连词that/whether/if的误用(1)误 What the doctors really doubt is that my mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon.【正】What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.分析 根据doubt一词可知，不确定的应是“是否“能很快恢复过来，故应用whether。(2)【误】At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see when itgot any better.【正】At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to seeiwhether it got any better.分析 根据句意“起初他讨厌这个新工作，但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点可知，用 whether/if引导宾语从句。(3)【误】It is doubtful that the work can be completed on time.【正】It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.分析 在主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句中，要使用whether表示“是否”；当主语从句放在句末时，用 whether或 if引导均可。注意 以上错误主要是因对whether和 if 的用法以及它们之间的区别认识不清，应加强对考点二第4 点的学习。纠错四 同位语从句和定语从句的误用(1)【误】Information has been put forward when more middle school graduates will beadmitted into universities this year.【正】Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admittedinto universities this year.分析 此句中含有一个被分隔开的同位语从句，说明句子主语information的内容，从句成分和句意完整，用 that引导同位语从句。(2)【误】The fact which this country spends more on its military than on education andhealth care combined is a serious and worrying thought.(正 1 The fact that this country spends more on its military than on education and healthcare combined is a serious and worrying thought.分析 从句句意完整，因此不是定语从句，故不能使用which。此处是that连接的一个同位语从句，具体解释说明fact的内容而非修饰限定。(3)【误】We havent yet settled the question that we are going to spend our honeymoon.正 We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our honeymoon.分析 question后的从句是对question具体内容的陈述而非限定，故应为同位语从句而非定语从句。注意 造成以上错误是因为没有确切弄清楚同位语从句和定语从句中引导词的功能和作用，下面就这两种从句的区别举例加以说明：(1)同位语从句中的连接词th at只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在一些具有抽象意义的名词后，解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news,fact,suggestion,truth,plan,belief,doubt,possibility,idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。试比较：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.（同位语从句）他们表示希望再次来访问中国。The hope that they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）他们表达的希望是再次来访问中国。（2）when和 where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when和 where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。This is the place where the accident happened.（定语从句）这是发生那起事故的地方。I have no idea when she will be back.（同位语从句）我不知道她什么时候回来。二.真题演练1.（2020 江苏高考真题）It is not a problem we can win the battle;ifs just a matterof time.A.whether B.why C.when D.where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A.whether是否；B.why为什么；C.when什么时候；D.where在哪里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，i t 是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。2.（2020 天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come trueProfessor Joseph had said.A.that B.what C.when D.where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。Professor Joseph had said作 make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。3.（2020 浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 couldbe hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they hadsown.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。4.【2019江苏卷单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic isfinding its way into the human body.A.what B.that C.which D.where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用 that引导同位语从句。故选B。5.【2019新课标 I 卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence_61_ theyrange all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为therebe句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填ihal。6.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than_ 8_they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。7.【2018力 匕 京】11.Without his support,we wouldn be we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C 选项正确。点睛：表语从句是指一个句子充当表语，通俗的说就是系动词b e后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有 thal,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how 等。8.【2018北京】15.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties andhope for the best.A.how B.which C.that D.what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C 选项正确。点睛：w hat是常见的名词性从句引导词之一，它除了引导从句作用之外，还在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语。根据不同的语境，what可以表示不同的意思，例如“的东西或事情”，”的人或样子”等。9.【2018天津】9.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in thebicycle race.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever,表示“任何人，无论谁“。故选C。点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做be awarded to 的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever。10.【2018江苏】21.By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.A.where B.when C.why D.how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析 which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。点睛：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句By boat is the onlyway to get here提示可知作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。