2023届上海市高考英语模拟试卷笔试部分（iRead23011）含详解.pdf
2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷I.Listening comprehension略II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.Forthe blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one wordthat best fits each blank.Ifs harder to heal at nightCircadian rhythm,better known as our body clock,is the cycle that keeps us moving on.During a 24-hour cycle ithelps (drive)multiple processes in the body,from hormone secretion and sleeping patterns to metabolism.Andresearchers at the Medical Research Council(MRC)Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge have discovered thatthis cycle can affect the healing of wounds such as cuts and burns.Dr John ONeill,the senior author of the study,said,“This is the first time that the circadian clock within individualskin cells 2(show)to determine how effectively they respond to injuries.The study found that,on average,burns that 3(occur)at night took 60 per cent longer to heal than burns thathappened during the body clock daytime cycle.Nighttime bums(sustained between 8pm and 8am)healed around 28 days4 when it was 17 days if a burn was sustained during the day(between 8am and 8pm).The study drew theseconclusions after 5(analyse)data from 118 patient records from all major burns units in England and Wales.The reasoning behind the differences in healing time is due to 6 long it takes for skin cells to move to the siteof the wound and begin repairs,a process that occurs more quickly during the daytime.This is driven by increased activityof the proteins within the cell,7 act like a muscle within the cell.In a statement,Dr Ned Hoyle,the lead author of the study,said,Weve shown that the daily cycles in our body clockcontrol how well cells can repair 8(damage)tissue by affecting an essential protein called actin.Efficient repairof our skin is critical to preventing infection,and 9 healing goes wrong,wounds need more time to heal.Furtherresearch into the link 10 body clocks and wound healing may help us to develop drugs that promote woundhealing.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note thatthere is one word more than you need.A.achieved B.applicant-tracking C.descriptive D.eliminate E.extentF.high-energy G.match H.missions L outcomes J.quantifiable K.screenOutsmarting the Robots Q:Regarding your column on trying to get your resume past the robots,Pm a 59-year-oldsales professional looking for a job.I suspect Im getting bounced because Im showing 20-plus years of experience.Howshould I be describing my experience to get past these 11 systems?-C.P.A:These systems typically 12 applicants based partly on their education level,titles held on past jobs andconsistency(一致性)of work history.Job-search coaches often recommend leaving out dates more than 20 years in the past.Also,13 the names of past employers that are out of business.Replace them with a general description of the kindand 14 of the experience you gained there,such as sales management,and mention titles held and results15 in those roles.Place special emphasis on quantifying such 16 as sales or market-share growth orcustomers gained.Try to apply only for openings that are truly a good 17.then tailor your application and cover letter byselecting the same keywords and 18 teims used by the employer in the job posting.Emphasize your most recentroles.If youve been out of work for a while,consider acquiring some new qualifications through training,or putting yoursales skills to work for a nonprofit organization in a role that will enable you to show 19 results.Employers willbe looking for an a c t i v e,20 applicant who is ready for a fast start.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,Cand D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people I know（including members of my family）feel exercise is a time-consuming and unpleasant activity.Theyneed to change into other clothes,to frequently take a block of time out of busy lives,and to get dirty and exhausted:theyfind it all 21.But Fve always 22 the hard work and even the satisfaction of earning the next days soremuscles.And I had a slight sense of pride in knowing not only that I was helping the biological machinery that promoteshealth but also that I got a nice side 23 of being able to eat cookies because Id burned extra calories.24 Or at least,not entirely right.As science shows over and over again,our intuitive ideas of how thingswork often dont 25 in the face of data and careful analysis.The benefits of exercise are a case in point.In thisissues cover story,The Exercise Paradox scientist Herman Pontzer describes a surprising and fascinating result ofevolution:humans bum about the same number of calories regardless of 26 level.And compared with otheranimals,we use a lot of calories.In addition to 27 our common sense,the findings provide further insights aboutwhy our kind has been so extraordinarily successful,becoming the 28 force on the planet.By the way,to be clear,we should all 29.Regular activity does help our inner engines run right,and it has some benefits in elevatingmood and improving cognition（认知）.But enabling weight loss regardless of diet?Not so much.The knowledge that we have had the capability to rule over our own world has 30 the idea that we wouldsomeday also come to live on other planets.To be sure,that 31 encompasses healthy amounts of romanticism,asense of adventure and even concerns about having sufficient options to ensure our species long-term survival.32the easy problems of longer space journeys include escaping Earths gravity with rockets,building airtight ships withenough air to breathe,and carrying huge amounts food and water.A much harder 33 is one that Hollywood nevertold you about:the damage to the brain done by cosmic radiation（宇宙射线）,which neuroscientist Charles L.Limolidescribes in“Deep-Space Deal Breaker.Will it prove to be the barrier to our 34 the final frontier?One thing iscertain:the human ambition means we wont 35_ trying.21.A.amusingB.unappealingC.convincingD.shocking22.A.enjoyedB.mindedC.reflectedD.forgot23.A.obstacleB.benefitC.impactD.view24.A.WonderfulB.WrongC.PointlessD.Right25.A.stand upB.take offC.end upD.turn off26.A.serviceB.incomeC.activityD.demand27.A.underratingB.over-impressingC.under-trainingD.overturning28.A.dominantB.singularC.culturalD.declining29.A.celebrateB.returnC.rememberD.exercise30.A.rejectedB.consideredC.questionedD.inspired31.A.rulingB.survivalC.knowledgeD.shift32.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.SimilarlyD.Unfortunately33 A.routineB.versionC.challengeD.option34.A.demandingB.measuringC.conqueringD.recognising35.A.stopB.adviseC.deserveD.keepSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Cartoons suit the way we like information to be presented these days:graphically and in small amounts.We are used tocartoons and comic strips that take an ironic look at modem life or provide a bit of escapism.But recently we have seen anincrease in the number of graphic novels:booklength comics with a single,continuous narrative.Historically,graphic novelswere not popular outside France,Belgium,Japan,and the US.The exception is the worldwide popularity of a young reporterdetective from Belgium,Tintin.The creation of the Belgian cartoonist Herge,The Adventures of Tintin first appeared in a Belgian newspaper in 1929.Each story appeared as a cartoon strip week by week,but soon after was republished in book form.One of the main attractionsfor readers was that they were taken to parts of the world they had never seen and probably never would:Russia,the Congo,America.Herge himself only traveled outside Belgium later in lite,but his passion was educating his readers about othercultures and places.Two things set Herge apart as a graphic novelist.The first was his technical drawing skills:with just a few simple lineshe could communicate a particular facial expression or movement.The second was the careful research he put into his stories.In The Crab with the Golden Claws,Tintin follows an opium-smuggling ring to North Africa;in King Ottakar5s Scepter,hemakes an attempt at a military coup in a central European country.While telling these stories,Herge also steered a fine linebetween serious topics and humor.Tintin had more than his fair share of adventures,but perhaps the greatest is his journey to the Moon,told in DestinationMoon and Explorers on the Moon.Written in 1953,sixteen years before the first Moon landing,the stories show a remarkableeye for technical detail and feeling for the nature of space travel.In the early 1950s,few could imagine what it was like to belooking down at our planet from outer space.And that is Herges true gift:to understand what a place was like without everhaving been there.36.What can be learned about graphic novels from the passage?A.The Adventures of Tintin is the worlds first graphic novel.B.Most of them were just popular in several countries.C.They present information in small amounts.D.They mostly involve detective stories.37.Which of the following is an attraction of The Adventures of Tintin for readers?A.The stories were created in Belgium,a European country.B.The stories were the first graphic novel published in book form.C.The stories used to be cartoon strips that appeared week by week.D.The stories enable them to learn about places they have never been to.38.The Crab with the Golden Claws and King Ottakars Scepter are used as examples to i l l u s t r a t e.A.Herge liked touching on serious topicsB.Herge himself had a good sense of humorC.Herge based his stories on the research resultsD.Herge was expert at applying technical drawing skills39.Which of the following statements is true of Herge?A.He had been longing for a trip to the Moon.B.He never had any chance to leave Belgium for travelling.C.He could describe accurately those experiences he never had.D.He devoted himself to education before creating graphic novels.（B）Where is Amelia Earhart?Three theoriesAmelia Earhart,the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean,was attempting a round-the-world flight in 1937.She planned to land on the tiny Pacific Ocean island of Howland.She never arrived.Her fate,and that of her navigator（导航员）Fred Noonan,remains one of aviations（航空的）greatest unsolved mysteries.Researchers have spent millions of dollarsinvestigating the case and several books have been published that examined different theories.The official US position is that Earhart ran out of fuel and crashed in the Pacific Ocean.The radio log from aUS CoastGuard ship indicates that she must have been near Howland when contact was lostAnother theory says that Earhart could have crashed on a different island,called Nikumaroro,and died since the islandis uninhabited.Yet another theory claims she was captured while on a secret mission to the Marshall Islands in the North Pacific andeventually returned to the US with a new identity.Lost and found?The missing pilotFebruary 18,2011Amelia Earharts dried saliva（口 垂 液）could help solve the longstanding mystery of the aviators 1937 disappearance,according to scientists who plan to take samples of her DNA from her correspondence.A new project aims to create a geneticprofile that could be used to test recent claims that a bone found on the South Pacific island ofNikumaroro is Earharf s.Justin Long,a Canadian whose family is partially funding the DNA project,points out that at the moment,anyone whofinds parts of bones can claim that they are Earharts remains.According to Justin Long,Earhart*s letters are the only itemsthat are both proved to be hers and that might contain her DNA.Hair samples are one of the best sources of DNA,but no hairsamples from Earhart are known.There was,in theory,a sample of Earharfs hair in the International Womens Air and SpaceMuseum in Cleveland,US.However,a 2009 study revealed that the sample was actually thread.The remains of Earhart,her navigator Noonan,and their twin-engine plane were never recovered.But in 2009,a groupof researchers found a bone fragment on Nikumaroro that they believed might have been from one of Earhart*s fingers.However,some scientists have suggested the Nikumaroro bone fragment isnt human at all but may instead belong to a seaturtle that was found nearby.The new Earhart DNA project will be headed by Dongya Yang,a genetic scientist at Simon Fraser University in Canada.Yang will work on four letters Earhart wrote to her family.Much of Earharts correspondence was done by her secretary butthe assumption is that Earhart must have sealed the envelopes of these personal letters herself.40.Why are there so many theories concerning where Amelia Earhart was?A.It is still a mystery.B.She left with some secrets.C.Her flight cost much money.D.She returned with a new identity.41.What could Justin Longs project help to do?A.To search Nikumaroro more thoroughly.B.To confirm if a bone belongs to Amelia Earhart.C.To find out who Amelia Earhart often wrote to.D.To locate Amelia Earharts remains accurately.42.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.None of Amelia Earharts DNA has been collected so far.B.Amelia Earhart took delight in writing letters to her family.C.The Nikumaroro bone fragment belonged to Amelia Earhart.D.The hair sample in Clevelands museum was Amelia Earharts.（C）I ran into my favourite technophobe（抗拒技术者）the other day.I see,he laughed,“that your tech industry is inmeltdown!”The annoying thing is that he was partly right.What has happened is that two major security weaknesses oneof them has been named Meltdown”,the other“Spectre“一 have been discovered in the Central Processing Unit（CPU）chips that power most of the computers in the world.A CPU is a device for performing billions of operations determined by whatever program is running:it fetches somedata from memory,performs some operations on that data and then sends it back to memory;then fetches the next bit ofdata;and so on.Two decades ago someone had an idea for speeding up CPUs.Instead of waiting until the program toldthem which data to fetch next,why not try to predict whats needed and pre-fetch it?That way,the processor would becomefaster and more efficient.This meant that-in a nice comparison made by Zeynep Tufekci,an academic who writesbeautifully about this stuff the CPU became like a super-attentive butler（管家）,“pouring that second glass of wine beforeyou knew you were going to ask for it”.But what if you dont want others to know about the details of your wine stock?”It turns out,writes Tufekci,that bywatching your butlers movements,other
