新视野大学英语第三册课文原文.pdf

第一单元Love without lim itationsMy brother,Jimmy,did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery,leaving him with brain damage,and two years later I was born.Since then,mylife revolved around my brothers.Accompanying my growing up was always“go out and play and take your brother with you”.I couldnt go anywherewithout him,so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house for someout-of-control kid-centered fun.My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put onbelt.My father,a saint,simply held the house together with his patience andunderstanding.I was in charge outside where I administered justice by trackingdown the parents of the kids who picked on my brother,and telling on them.My father and Jimmy were inseparable.They ate breakfast together and onweekdays drove off to the navy shipping center every morning where they bothworked-Jimmy unloaded color-coded boxes.At night after dinner,they wouldtalk and play games late into the evening.They even whistled the same tunes.So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991,Jimmy was a wreck,beneath his careful disguise.He was simply in disbelief.Usually very agreeable,he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate thevacant expression he wore on his face.I hired someone to live with him anddrive him to work,but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same,even Jimmy grasped that the world hed known was gone.One day Iasked,You miss Dad,dont you?”His lips quivered and then he asked,uWhatdo you think,Margaret?He was my best friend.O ur tears began flow.My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to lookafter Jimmy.He didnt adjust to going to work without my father right away,so he cameand lived with me in New York City for a while.He went wherever I went andseemed to adjust pretty well.Still,Jimmy longed to live in my parents*houseand work at his old job and I pledged to help him return.Eventually,I was ableto work it out.He has lived there for 11 years now with many differentcaretakers and blossomed on his own.He has become essential to theneighborhood.When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needswalking,he is your man.My mother was right,of course:It was possible to have a home with room forboth his limitations and my ambitions.In fact,caring for someone who loves asdeeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my lifemore than anything else ever could have.This hit home a few days after the September 11th disaster on Jimmys 57thbirthday.I had a party for him in my home in New York,but none of our familycould join us because travel was difficult and they were still reckoning with thesheer terror the disaster had brought.I called on my faithful friends to helpmake it a merry and festive occasion,ignoring the fact that most of them wereemotionally drained and exhausted.I nstead of the customary“No gifts,please5,I shouted,Gifts!P I ease!MMy friends-people Jimmy had come to know over the years-brought the idealpresents:country music CDs,a sweatshirt,one leather belt with J-l-M-M-Y”onit,a knitted wool hat and a cowboy costume.The evening led up to the gifts andthen the chocolate cake from his favorite bakery,and of course the ceremonywasnt complete without the singing.A thousand times Jimmy asked,sls it time for the cake yet?”After dinner andthe gifts Jimmy could no longer be restrained.He anxiously waited for thecandles to be lit and then blew them out with one long breath as well all sang“Happy birthday”.Jimmy wasnt satisfied with our effort,though.He jumped upon the chair and stood erect pointing both index fingers into the air to conductus and yelled,One JTiore.iime!”We sang with all of the energy left in oursouls and when we were finished he put both his thumbs up and shouted.“That was super!”We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in theworld,there would always be people who cared about him.We ended upreminding ourselves instead.For Jimmy,the love with which we sang was awelcome bonus,but mostly he had just wanted to see everyone else happyagain.Just as my fathers death had changed Jimmys world overnight,September11 th changed our lives;the world wed known was gone.But,as we sang forJimmy and held each tight afterward praying for peace around the world,wewere reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and familywould get us through whatever life might present.The simplicity with whichJimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising.Therehad never been limitations to what Jimmys love could accomplish.第二单元I ron and the Effects of ExerciseSports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes,particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies.Now a new study by ateam of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercisemay lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.We found that women whowere normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss,says Roseanne M.Lyle,associate professor atPurdue.Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising threetimes a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine&Science inSports&Exercise.Women who consumed additional meat or took ironsupplements were able to bounce back,she notes.But the new exercisers whofollowed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.*Iron deficiency is very common among women in general,affecting one in fourfemale teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45,respectively.But theratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of femaleendurance athletes.This means,Lyle says,that“too many women ignore theamount of iron they take in”；.Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk,since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.Plus,manyhealth-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat,whichcontains the most easily absorbed form of iron.And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight,they may not consume enoughiron-rich food,and are liable to experience a deficiency.The average womantakes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron,notesanother expert.For a woman who already has a poor iron status,any additionaliron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a moreserious deficiency,*notes the expert.Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.Some iron islost in sweat,and,for unknown reasons,intense endurance exercise issometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system.Athletes inhigh-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.There are three stages of irondeficiency.The first and most com mon is having low iron reserves,a conditionthat typically has no symptoms.Fatigue and poor performance may begin toappear in the second stage of deficiency,when not enough iron is present toform the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the workingmuscles.In the third and final stage,people often feel weak,tired,and out ofbreath-and exercise performance is severely compromised.People think thatif theyre not at the third stage,nothing is wrong,but thats not true,*says JohnL.Beard,who helped design the Purdue study.Youre not stage 3 until youriron reserves go to zero,and if you wait until that point,youre in trouble.1However,most people with low iron reserves dont know they have a deficiency,because traditional methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood(bychecking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen)are not sufficient,Beard states.Instead,ifs important to check levels of a different compound,which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood.While active,child-bearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores,he notes,Menare not safe,especially if they dont eat meat and have a high level of physicalactivity.(An estimated 1 5 percent of male long distance runners have low ironstores.)Beard and other experts say its advisable for people in these groups tohave a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.If iron levels are low,talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should becorrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements.In general,itsbetter to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet,becauseiron supplements can have serious shortcomings.Supplements may produce afeeling of wanting to throw up,and may be poisonous in some cases.The bestsources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbedby the body,are meat,chicken,and fish.Good sources of other forms of ironinclude dates,beans,and some leafy green vegetables.Select breads andcereals with the words Iron-added1 on the label,H writes sports diet expertNancy Clark.This added iron supplements the small amount that naturallyoccurs in grains.Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C(for example,drinkorange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich)to enhance the amountof iron absorbed.Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans,as food canderive iron from the pan during the cooking process.HThe iron content oftomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase,the level going up nearly 30 times,*she writes.And people who are likely tohave low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals,she says,sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices,*sums upPurdues Lyle.If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves aregone,you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.n第三单元Where Principles Com e FirstThe Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the meritof such values as truth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosity and concern,then academic achievement naturally follows.Hyde School founder JosephGauld claims success with the program at the$1 8,000-a-year high school inBath,Maine,which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubledyoungsters.*We dont see ourselves as a school for a type of kid,*says MalcolmGauld,Josephs son,who graduated from Hyde and is now headmaster.*We seeourselves as preparing kids for a way of life by cultivating a comprehensiveset of principles that can affect all kids.*Now,Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public,inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional programfor the new approach.The first Hyde public school program opened inSeptember 1992.Within months the program was suspended.Teachersprotested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intensework.This fall,the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary publicschool program in Baltimore.Teachers will be trained to later work throughoutthe entire Baltimore system.Other US school managers are eyeing the program,too.Last fall,the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a publichigh school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,over parents protests.The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubledstudents.As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut.I n one English class,the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energeticexchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1 -1 0 scale.*l geta 1 O.M I challenge that.You didnt do either your gram mar or your spellinghomework.M OK,a seven.HYou ought to get a six.*Wait,I put my best effort forth here.*MYeah,but youdidn*t ask questions today.Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauldsays the conventional education system cannot be reformed.He notes noamount of change with the horse and carriage will produce an automobile”.The Hyde School assumes every human being has a unique potential*that isbased on character,not intelligence or wealth.Conscience and hard work arevalued.Success is measured by growth,not academic achievement.Studentsare required to take responsibility for each other.To avoid the controversy ofother character programs used in US schools,Gauld says the concept of doingyour best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular setof morals or religious values.The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventionalschools that provide preparation for college,complete with English,history,math and science.But all students are required to take performing arts andsports,and provide a community service.For each course,students get a gradefor academic achievement and for best effort*.At Bath,97%of the graduatesattend four-year colleges.Commitment among parents is a key ingredient inthe Hyde mixture.For the student to gain admission,parents also must agree toaccept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups,go toa yearly three-day regional retreat,and spend at least three times a year inworkshops,discussion groups and seminars at Bath.Parents of Maine studentshave an attendance rate of 95%in the many sessions.Joe and Malcolm Gauldboth say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents makingsimilar efforts.The biggest obstacle for many parents,they say,is to realizetheir own weaknesses.The process for public school parents is still beingworked out,with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parentsthat it is worthwhile for them to participate.Of the 100 students enrolled in NewHaven,about 30%of the parents attend special meetings.The low attendanceis in spite of commitments they made at the outset of the program when Hydeofficials interviewed 300 families.Once the problems are worked out,Hyde should work well in public schools,says a teacher at Bath who taught for 14 years in public schools.He is optimisticthat once parents make a commitment to the program,they will be daily rolemodels for their children,unlike parents whose children are in boarding schools.One former inner-city high school teacher who now works in the New Havenprogram,says teachers also benefit.*Here we really begin to focus on having afruitful relationship with each student.Our focus is really about teacher tostudent and then we together deal with the.academics.In the traditional highschool setting,its teacher to the material and then to the student.*Theteacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde.Faculty evaluationsare conducted by the students.Jimmy DiBattista,1 9,is amazed he will graduate this May from the Bath campusand plans to attend a university.Years ago,he had seen his future as jail,notcollege1.DiBattista remembers his first days at Hyde.When I came here,I insulted andcursed everybody.Every other school was,Get out,we dont want to deal withyou.I came here and they said,We kind of like that spirit.We don*t like it withthe neg