新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案.pdf
综 合 教 程 4 课 后 答 案 Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-4Unit 1Active reading(1)Looking for a job after university?First,get off thesofaBackground informationAbout the passage:This is an article by an EducationCorrespondent,Alexandra Blair,published inSeptember 2008 in The Times,a long-established Britishquality newspaper.In Europe generally,and inBritain in particular,for a number of years there hasbeen a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment.However,for many graduates finding a job becameharder in 2008-2009 because the economic downturn-then a recession-meant that many employerswerereducing their workforce.After their final exams,some students rested in the summer before looking forjobsand then they found that it was difficult to findemployment in their field or at the level they wanted.Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduateswho might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children(ie to be available iftheir children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help).The article recommends finding work in abar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to betteremployment later.The style is partly of a report,butalsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment(seen inthe jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for universitygraduates?Universities in Europe,particularly in Britain,haveexpanded greatly in the last fifteen years(over 45%ofyoung adults now go on to higher education),so thereare more graduates looking for jobs.This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with thecredit crunch and economic depression,which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise inunemployment.Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job,they need to fill in many applicationforms and try to get job interviews:they won t findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointsTraditionally,in the Britishuniversity system,BA and BSc honours degrees areawardedin different categories:a first class degree(writtenusing Roman numbers as I),a second(divided into twosubcategories,written as Ilii and Ilii,which arecalled“a two one and a two two),a third(written III)anda pass degree.Most people get a second.There are alsoordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt:The main idea here is that thereis a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in NorthAmerica which are given different informal namesto characterize them.First,“Baby boomers“were bornin the great increase(the boom)of births after WorldWar II(1946-I960),followed by“Generation Xpeople(born 1960-1980)who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent,informal,entrepreneurial,and expected to get skills and havea career beforethem.GenerationY“or the Millenial Generationv(born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium)are now making up an increasing percentageof the workforce;they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents,to have structured lives,to be used toteamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society.Inthe passage,this generation is now becoming(morphinginto)Generation Grunt,which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive,low status,routine ormindless work-this may be the only work availableto somegraduates,who may have to take very ordinary jobs toget experience before they find something moresuitable.Grunt“also refers to coarse behaviour orbad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when people“grunt“they express disgust but do notcommunicate with words-this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate withthem!A refers to a British type of secondaryschool which became popular in thel960s.Before thatthere were academic ugrammar schools“and moregeneral usecondary modern“schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests,but thecomprehensive schools were designed for all studentsina social philosophy of bringing diverse studentstogether whether they were academic or not.Thosestudentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt thathad to study particularly hard(I worked my backsideoff)to get to university,compared to those who wentto grammar schools where all students were academic-comprehensive students felt they had to struggle toget to university.This refers to a large yellow costume thatsomeone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken.Before he became a famous actor,BradPitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Polio Loco(TheCrazy Chicken in Spanish)-the job meant that hehadto walk around the streets 1 ike a chicken to attractcustomers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a yearso that he could eat well and go to theodd party,began to fade.Until now.(Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son suniversity fees and living expenses(so that he couldeatwell)and for occasional social events-at graduationthese memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud.But now the parents arethinking of money again because the son doesn thave a job and doesn t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnightinto a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X(of the parents?generation who worked hard,got jobs,and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same)haschanged into a member of Generation Grunt-hedoesn t seem to communicate much,lies around anddoesn t get a job(or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams,but at the interviews they accused meof being too detached and talking inlanguage that was too technocratic,which I didnt thinkpossible,but obviously it is.(Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post,buthe was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached(not personally involved)andtoo technocratic(he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority).As a new graduatehe probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 chilling”before heading to the pub.(Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job(likestacking goods on a supermarket shelf)chill outall day(they spend their time casually relaxing-theydon t look for work)and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off togo to a good university.(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities(notto a special school for academic students)and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university:Yourmeans your bottom-the part of yourbody that you sit on-to isinformal and it means you work very hard indeed.6.but having worked full-time since leaving school herself,she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed.(Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job(presumablythe father is also working full-time),so she doesnot have relevant personal experience.For her,it istricky to give advice(difficult to do).Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuseyour bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy.(Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parentsshould live as usual.They should neither lettheirchildren spend the parents money unnecessarily,nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions.Sap their means use up their store ofemotional energy.繇 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmlyback into the saddle.(Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their childrenfirmly so that they get back into control of theirlives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them toexplain why the other answers are wrong(Seebelow).1 Why hasn,t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a)He doesn t have a very good degree.(No,he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree.)(b)He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying atuniversity.)(c)It isn t easy to get a job in the current financialclimate.(This may be true but the passage does not mentionthis.)(d)He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No,he doesn t seem to be helping his family:hewatches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a)Doing a temporary job.(No,some of his friends are working in temporary jobsbut he doesn t want to do this.)(b)Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c)Queuing up in the university careers service.(No,he went there once but he didn t want to queueso he walked away.)(d)Preparing for the next job interview.(No,he doesn t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a)They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill,thenthey go to the pub.)(b)They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No,none of them seem to do outdoor activities;thereis no mention of sailing.)(c)They are forced to work by their parents.(No,only one of them has been forced out to stackshelves by his parents;the others seem to be likeJack.)(d)They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No,the text mentions bar work but none of Jack1 sfriends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack s parents helping him?(a)By looking for jobs for him.(No,Jack has tried to get a job himself;there snothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b)By paying for a trip to South America.(No,although he is going on a three-week trip to SouthAmerica,the passage does not say thatJack s parents have paid for this.)(c)By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly,but this isthe implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contributeto the household bills.)(d)By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No,they haven?t threatened to do this,but theydefinitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jack s parents?(a)They have not really understood Jack s problems.(No,she doesn t say this;she says they must balancebeing positive with not making life toocomfortable.This doesn t mean they haven,tunderstood Jack s problems.)(b)They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No,she says they must balance comfort with beingpositive.This doesn t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c)The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d)They need help from a psychologist.(No,she doesn t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg,Bruce Willis and Brad Pitthave in common?(a)They all did bar work before going to university.(No,we don t know from the passage if any of them didthis.)(b)They took part in protests against nuclear powerplants.(No,we don t know is any of them did this)(c)They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No,only Brad Pitt did this.)(d)They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right,although they all had completelydifferent temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with th eir definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in aseries of actions or events(proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation,form orstate to another(transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in aclose or emotional way(detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon(upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright(slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving(revert)7 to say what happened(recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of thewords in Activity 3.It isn t easy to make the(1)transition from a busyuniversity student to an unemployed young adult(2)slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindlesstelevision show,wondering if and how their careeris going to(3)proceed.Many people who haveexperienced a long period of inactivity like this,when(4)recounting how they felt at the time,refer to thesame strange psychological effect.As the days pass,they begin to feel(5)detached from any sense ofpressure to go and look for a job,and tend to regard(6)upcoming interviews as if they were not veryimportant.Typically,back at home after three or fouryears away,they(7)revert to old habits,start seeingold friends,and,in many cases,become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct formof the words in the box.You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school justoutside London,(comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see mydriving licence,(cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view ofOxford?(aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridortowards the office,(clutched)5 You should speak to Toby;he s an supporter offlexible working hours,(advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago,and itstill hasn,t got better completely,(healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with(a)exciting prospects,or(b)no future?2 Is a tricky problem(a)difficult,or(b)easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy,do you feel(a)tired,or(b)more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to(a)persuade you to dosomething you don t want to,or(b)help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy,do you want to(a)change the world,or(b)stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out(a)a formal,or(b)an informal way ofsaying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person,are you(a)making the same journey together,or(b)inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle,do you(a)feelyou are back where you started,or(b)feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line,do they deal with a person(a)in a kind and sympathetic way,or(b)in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something,are youexpressing yourself(a)well,or(b)badly?6 If you do something by all means,do you(a)try yourbest to do it,or(b)not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle,are youencouraging them to(a)take responsibility again,or(b)take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone,do you(a)examine it carefully and sensitively,or(b)referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 Will he ever get a job?”Who is asking this question?What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph isaddressed to parents(earlier it says“your graduateson).The mood seems to express patience orresignation because the word ever suggests thatg
