高考热点语法集锦真题示例.pdf

高考非谓语动词作定语七大考点（真题示例）共 8 人，其中4 名警卫战士每人配备一支冲锋枪。一天，出发前，一位纳西族老乡搭我们的车去维西。那天路上积雪很大，雪下的路面坑洼不平，车子行驶一段就会被雪坞住。我们不得不经常下来推车。就在我们又一次下车推车的时候，一群褐黄色的东西慢慢向我们靠近。我们正惊疑、猜测时，纳西族老乡急喊：“快、快赶紧上车，是一群狼。”司机小王赶紧发动车，加大油门但是很不幸，车轮只是在原地空转，根本无法前进。这时狼群已靠近汽车大家看得清清楚楚一一8 只狼，个个都象小牛犊似的，肚子吊得老高。战士小吴抄起冲锋枪，纳西族老乡一手夺下小吴的抢。比较沉着地高声道：“不能开枪，枪一响，它们或钻到车底下或钻进树林，狼群会把车胎咬坏，把我们围起来，然后狼会嚎叫召集来更多的狼和我们拼命。”他接着说：“狼饿疯了，它们是在找吃的，车上可有吃的？我们几乎同声回答：“有。”“那就扔下去给它们吃。”老乡像是下达命令。从来没有经历过这样的事，当时脑子里一片空白，除了紧张，大脑似乎已经不会思考问题。听老乡这样说，我们毫不犹豫，七手八脚把从丽江买的腊肉、火腿还有十分珍贵的鹿子干巴往下丢了一部分。狼群眼都红了，兴奋地大吼着扑向食物，大口的撕咬吞咽着，刚丢下去的东西一眨眼就被吃光了。老乡继续命令道：“再丢下去一些！”第二批大约50斤肉品又飞出了后车门，也就一袋烟的工夫，又被 8 只狼分食的干干净净。吃完后8 只狼整齐地坐下，盯着后车门。这时，我们几人各个屏气息声，紧张的手心里都是冷汗，甚至能够清晰的听到自己心跳的声音我们不知道能有什么办法令我们从狼群中突围出去。看到这样的情形，老乡又发话道：“还有吗？一点不留地丢下，想保命就别心疼这些东西了！”此时，除了紧张、害怕还有羞愤！作为战士，我们是有责任保护好这些物资的，哪怕牺牲自己。但是现实情况是我们的车被坞到雪地里出不来，只能被困在车里。我们的子弹是极有限的，一旦有狼群被召唤来，我们会更加束手无策。我们几人相互看了一眼，迟疑片刻，谁也没有说什么，忍痛将车上所有的肉品，还有十几包饼干全都甩下车去！8 只狼又是一顿大嚼。吃完了肉，它们还试探性的嗅了嗅那十几包饼干，但没有吃。这时我清楚地看到狼的肚子已经滚圆，先前暴戾凶恶的目光变得温顺。其中一只狼围着汽车转了两圈，其 余 7 只狼没动。片刻，那只狼带着狼群朝树林钻去.不可思议的事情发生了不一会儿，8 只狼钻出松林，嘴里叼着树枝，分别放到汽车两个后轮下面。我们简直不敢相信自己的眼睛这些狼的意思是想用树枝帮我们垫起轮胎，让我们的车开出雪窝。我激动地大笑起来哈哈刚笑了两声，另外一个战士忙用手捂住了我的嘴，他怕这突兀的笑声惊毛了狼。接着，8 只狼一齐钻到车底，但见汽车两侧积雪飞扬。我眼里滚动着泪花，大呼小王：“狼帮我们扒雪呢，赶快发动车，”车启动了，但是没走两步，又打滑了。狼再次重复刚才的动作：“先往车轮下垫树枝，然后扒雪就这样,每重复一次，汽车就前进一段，大约重复了十来次。最后一次，汽车顺利地向前行了一里多地，接近了山顶。再向前就是下坡路了。这时，8 只狼在车后一字排开坐着，其中一只比其他 7 只狼稍稍向前。老乡说：“靠前面的那只是头狼，主意都是他出的。我们激动极了，一起给狼鼓掌，并用力地向它们挥手致意。但是这8 只可爱的狼对我们的举动并没有什么反应,只是定定地望了望我们，然后，头狼在前，其余随后，缓缓朝山上走去，消失在松林中看完不忍思考：连凶猛的狼都懂得报恩，我们是否应该反思自身？自诩为“万物灵长”的人类，我们是不是应当让这个世界充点击上方音乐，聆听最美经典音乐N0.1考 点 1：不定式被动式t。be done作定语，表将来发生；且不定式动词与逻辑主语是被动关系。不定式被动态作定语，即表未来发生的事情，又表被动。2014 北京】28.There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay onthe Moon.A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved分析：答案是Do不定式被动式作定语。根据题干信息是“要去解决的问题”。且由于problem和 solve之间是被动关系，所以选D。NO.2考点2：有两类含不定式的特殊句型，用主动表被动。分别是：（1）have sth.to do（2）there be+n.+to do2017 天津】10.1 was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a t r ai n.A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught分析：答案c。考察have sth to do（有某事要做）。虽然事情是被做的，但此句型用不定式作后置定语，并不用被动态，而是用主动表被动。【2008 上海33.If theres a lot of wor k.Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A.to do B.to be doing C.done D.doing分析：答案A。考察there be+n.+to d。虽然事情是被做的，但此句型用不定式作后置定语，并不用被动态，而是用主动表被动。N0.3考点3：不定式放在不定代词后做定语。2016 四川】She was a very careful mother.For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even tofind something_64_ (eat).分析：to eat。句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。something to eato动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，动词不定式作定语时用主动式。N0.4考点4：在一些抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。抽象名词包括 change,time,way,reason,ability,courage,opportunity,wish,warning 等。【2013 北京)Volunteering gives you a ch a n ce(ch a n g e)lives,including your own.A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change分析：答 案 D o 不定式给抽象名词作定语。句意：志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会,包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”。N0.5考点5：现在分词作前置定语。现在分词一般放在名词前做前置定语，现在分词短语一般放在名词后做后置定语。高考中，近 10年仅出现过一次对前置定语的考查，就是如下本题。其余情况都是对后置定语的考查。2014 全国 1 While there are _ 6 8 _ (amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of usthe changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Justbe patient.分析：答案是amazing。放 在 stories前面作定语，表示情感心理。N0.6考点6：现在分词短语作后置定语。2015,全国 1 Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arrangesquick getaways here for people_ 70_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.分析：答 案 living。现在分词短语作后置定语，表正在发生。live和 people之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。N0.7考点7：过去分词短语作后置定语。本考点是非谓语动词作定语中考查最多的考点，用过去分词作定语，表被动或完成。2016 全国 1】I was the first Western TV reporter_66_(permit)to film a special unitcaring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wildo分析：答 案 permittedo 过去分词短语作后置定语。reporter和 permit之间是被动关系。高考非谓语动词作表语三大 考 点（真题示例）N0.1考 点 1：不定式完成式作表语 2018 涉 f江卷While regularly eating out seems to _ 61_ (become)common for many youngpeople in recent years,it s not without a cost.答案：have becomeoN0.2考点2：不定式进行式作表语 2011 上海卷40.Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing but we seemthe art of communicating face-to-face.losingB.to be losingC.to be lostD.having lost答 案 BN0.3考点3：过去分词作表语1.2018,高考 3 卷】I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65(challenge).答 案:challenged2.2017 浙江卷 Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.答案：swept高考动名词作宾语三大 考 点（真题示例）动名词分5 类，分别是动名词的一般式、否定式、被动式、完成式、完成被动式。近 10年高考涉及到动名词的考点如下：NO.l考点1：动名词一般式作动词宾语2018 全国 3 卷 I quickly lower myself ducking my head to avoid 64(look)directly into his eyesso he doesnt feel challenged.2018 浙江卷 I still remember 59(visit)a friend who d lived here for five years.NO.2考点2：动名词一般式作介词宾语2018 全国 1 卷 You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of_63_(die)early by running.NO.3考点3：动名词被动式作介词宾语2014 北京卷 35.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping withoutrecognizingB.being recognizedC.having recognizedD.having been recognized动词固定搭配归纳，千万要记熟！NO.1只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词1.want to do sth.想要做某事I want to buy a new computer this afternoon.我想今天下午买台新电脑。2.would like to do sth.想要做某事I would like to invite you to come to my birthday party this Saturday.我想邀请你这周六来我的聚会。3.wish to do sth.希望做某事I wish to live on the moon one day.我希望有一天在月球上生活。4.help to do sth.帮助做某事I often help to do some chores at home.我在家经常帮着做家务。5.hope to do sth.希望做某事I hope to have a good rest this weekend.我希望这周末好好休息一下。6.learn to do sth.学会做某事He finally learned to play the piano with the help of the teacher.在老师的帮助下，他最终学会了弹钢琴。7.manage to do sth.设法做成某事They managed to escape the fire yesterday.昨天他们设法逃脱了火灾。8.offer to do sth,主动提出做某事Never offer to teach fish to swim.别在强人面前逞能。9.plan to do sth.计划做某事He plans to travel around the world.他计划要周游世界。10.afford to do sth.负担得起做某事（时间或金钱方面）We can t afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国o11.agree to do sth.做某事He agreed to do it at once.他同意立刻行动。12.arrange to do sth.安排做某事I arrange to wash clothes tomorrow morning.我安排好明天上午洗衣服。13.ask to do sth.要求做某事The boy asks to go to school by bike.这个男孩要求骑自行车去上学。14.beg to do sth.恳求做某事He begged not to be put into prison.他祈求不要被关进监狱。15.care to do sth.愿意/喜欢做某事Would you care to go for a walk?你愿意散散步吗？16.choose to do sth.选择做某事He chose to believe what she had said.他选择相信她说的话。17.decide to do sth.决定做某事She has decided to travel all over the world.她已经决定周游世界了。18.demand to do sth.要求做某事She demanded to know my business.她过问我的事情。19.determine to do sth.决心做某事He determined to learn French.他下定决心学习法语。20.expect to do sth.等待做某事I am expecting to hear from you soon.我期待着早点收到你的来信。21.fear to do sth.惧怕做某事She fears to live on the mountain.她害怕住在山上。22.prepare to do sth.预备做某事They prepared to go hiking this Sunday.他们准备周日去远足。23.pretend to do sth.伪装做某事She pretended not to see me.她假装没有看到我。24.promise to do sth.答应做某事I have promised to give the children some books.我已经答应给孩子们一些书了。25.refuse to do sth,拒绝做某事She refused to buy a new cellphone for her boy.她拒绝给她儿子买新手机。N0.2只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词1.practice doing sth.练习做某事I practice playing the piano twice a week.我每周练习两次弹钢琴。2.consider doing sth.考虑做某事I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.我考虑放弃之前再等待一段时间。3.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事I enjoy playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。4.finish doing sth.完成做某事Lets finish doing the work together.让我们一起完成工作吧。5.give up doing sth.放弃做某事My father has given up smoking.我爸爸已经戒烟了。6.imagine doing sth.想象做某事I cant imagine marrying such a woman.我不能想象娶了这样一个女人。7.keep doing sth,一直做某事I kept studying English for 1 hour yesterday evening.昨天晚上，我一直学了 1 小时英语。8.put off doing sth.推迟做某事Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute.有时学生们会拖延到最后一分钟才做作业。9.risk doing sth.冒险做某事To win the gamble,he risked losing 100 dollars.为了赢这场赌局，他冒了失去100美元的风险。10.suggest doing sth.建议做某事I suggest traveling abroad next month.我建议下个月出国旅行。11.admit doing sth.承认做某事He admitted making the mistake.他承认犯了错误。12.advise doing sth.建议做某事He advises going to see a movie.他建议去看电影。13.allow doing sth.允许做某事We dont allow smoking in the classroom.我们不允许在班里吸烟。14.appreciate doing sth.感谢做某事We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们恭候佳音。15.avoid doing sth.避免做某事Try to avoid drinking and smoking.尽量避免喝酒和抽烟。16.delay doing sth.拖延做某事Why have you delayed writing to him?你为什么迟迟不给他写回信？17.deny doing sth.否认做某事John denied signing the contract.约翰否认签了合同。18.discuss doing sth.讨论做某事I like to discuss doing sports with my friends.我喜欢和我朋友讨论体育运动。19.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事He dislikes dancing in public.他不喜欢在公众场合跳舞。20.escape doing sth.逃脱做某事He escaped being killed.他没有被杀。21.excuse doing sth.原谅做某事He cant excuse coming late for work.他不能原谅上班迟到。22.fancy doing sth.想象/喜爱做某事Are you fancy buying some food with me?你愿不愿意和我一起去买点吃的？23.forbid doing sth.禁止做某事They forbid parking here.他们禁止在这里停车。24.mention doing sth.提及做某事He mentioned watching TV.他提到了看电视。25.mind doing sth.介意做某事Would you mind opening window?你介意开窗户吗？26.miss doing sth.错过做某事The thief missed being caught yesterday.那小偷昨天没能被抓住。27.permit doing sth.允许做某事We do not permit smoking in the office.在我们的办公室里不准吸烟。28.prohibit doing sth.禁止/阻止做某事They prohibit smoking in public.他们禁止在公共场合吸烟。N0.3既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词1.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）Remember to close the doocplease.记着关门.I remember closing the door.我记得关了门了.2.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了.He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了.3.regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做）regret doing sth.后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）I regret to tell you that you cant pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试.I regret disturbing yo so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久.4.try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事He tries to get the apple above the shelf.But he fails to reach it.After a while,Brown comes inand try showing his ability.他努力去够架子上的苹果，但是没能够到。过了一会儿，布朗近来尝试表现他的能力。5.mean to do sth.计划做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。6.can t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事can t help doing sth,情不自禁做某事I cant help to do such stupid thing.我不能帮着做这样愚蠢的事。The movie is so funny.I cant help laughing!这部电影如此搞笑。我情不自禁地笑了。7.go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事He went on doing his homework in his room after supper.晚饭后他继续在自己的房间里做家庭作业。After finishing his homework,he went on to read the text.写完家庭作业后，他又继续读课文。8.stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情The two girls stopped talking when they saw me.那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me.这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。N0.4可接动词原形做宾补的11个动词1.see sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。2.watch sb.do sth.观看某人做了某事I watched the thief steal money from others pockets.我看到这个小偷从别人的口袋里偷了钱。3.notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事I noticed him leave the room.我注意到他离开了房间。4.observe sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事He has observed the girl come into the house.他观察到女孩进了屋。5.look at sb.do sth.看着某人做了某事I looked at him do his homework just now.刚才，我看着他做了他的作业。6.hear sb.do sth.听到某人做了某事I heard him sing an English song half an hour ago.半个小时前，我听到他唱了一首英文歌曲。7.listen to sb.do sth.听着某人做了某事I listened to him read the passage aloud in English yesterday.昨天，我听着他用英语朗读了这段话。8.make sb.do sth.使某人做某事I made the students elect a monitor.我让学生们推选一位班长。9.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事Let me help you wash your clothes.让我帮你洗衣服吧。10.have sb.do sth.使某人做某事My mom haves me do some housework every weekend.我妈妈每周末让我做一些家务。11.feel sb.do sth.感觉某人做了某事I felt the rain drop on the roof last night.昨晚我感觉到雨点打在了屋顶上。注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。see sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth.done 看到某人/某物被.I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话，并没有看见全过程.）We often see him surrounded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着。