备战2023年高考英语考点全国通用微专题16阅读理解之人与自我.pdf

考向1 6阅读理解之人与自我真题典例Passagel（2022全国高考真题）A s G i nni Bazl i nt on reached A nt arct i ca,she found herself greet ed by a group of l i t t l eG ent oo pengui ns（企鹅）l ongi ng t o say hel l o.These gent l e,l ovel y gat ekeepers w el com ed her and ki ck-st art edw hat w as t o be a t ri p G i nni w oul d never forget.Ever si nce her chi l dhood,G i nni,now 71,has had a deep l ove for t ravel.Throughout her career（职 也）as aprofessi onal dancer,she t oured i n t he U K,but al w ays l onged t o expl ore furt her.W hen she ret i red from danci ngand her sons event ual l y fl ew t he nest,she deci ded i t w as t i m e t o t ake t he plunge.A ft er t aki ng a degree at C hi chest er U ni versi t y i n Rel at ed A rt s,G i nni began t o t ravel t he w orl d,event ual l yget t i ng w ork t eachi ng Engl i sh i n J apan and Chi l e.A nd i t w as i n Chi l e she di scovered she coul d get l ast-m i nut echeap deal s on shi ps goi ng t o A nt arct i ca from t he i sl ands off Ti erra del Fuego,t he sout hernm ost t i p of t he Sout hA m eri can m ai nl and.just deci ded I w ant ed t o go,“she says.UI had no i dea about w hat I d fi nd t here and Iw asn t nervous,I just w ant ed t o do i t.A nd I w ant ed t o do i t al one as I al w ays prefer i t t hat w ay.”In M arch 2008,G i nni boarded a shi p w i t h 48 passengers she d never m et before,t o begi n t he journeyt ow ards A nt arct i ca.4tFrom seei ng t he w i l dl i fe t o w i t nessi ng sunri ses,t he w hol e experi ence w as am azi ng.A nt arct i ca l eft an i m pressi on on m e t hat no ot her pl ace has,G i nni says.I rem em ber t he fi rst ti m e I saw ahum pback w hal e;i t just rose out of t he w at er l i ke som e prehi st ori c creat ure and I t hought i t w as sm i l i ng at us.Youcoul d st i l l hear t he operat i c sounds i t w as m aki ng underwat er.The real i zat i on t hat t hi s i s a preci ous l and,t o be respect ed by hum ans,w as one of t he bi ggest t hi ngs t hat hi thom e t o G i nni.1.W hi ch of t he fol l ow i ng best expl ai ns“t ake the pl unge underl i ned i n paragraph 2?A.Try chal lengi ng t hi ngs.B.Take a degree.C.Bri ng back l ost m em ori es.D.St i ck t o a prom i se.2.W hat m ade G i nni deci de on t he t ri p t o A ntarct i ca?A.Lovel y pengui ns.B.Beaut i ful scenery.C.A discount fare.D.A friend i nvi t at i on.3.W hat does G i nni t hi nk about A nt arct i ca aft er t he j ourney?A.It coul d be a hom e for her.B.It shoul d be easi l y accessi bl e.C.It shoul d be w el l preserved.D.It needs t o be ful l y i nt roduced.4.W hat i s t he t ext m ai nl y about?A.A chi l dhood dream.B.A n unforget t abl e experi ence.C.Sai l i ng around t he w orl d.D.M eet i ng ani m al s i n A nt arct i ca.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了 71岁的G inniB alinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。1.词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career（职业）as a professi onal dancer,she t oured i n t heU K,but al w ays l onged l o expl ore further.（在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索）”和W hen she ret i red from danci ng and her sons event ual l y fl ew t he nest （当她不再跳舞,她的儿子们最终独立生活）“可知，G inni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组t ake t he plunge与 t ry chal lengi ng t hi ngs“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的A nd i t w as i n Chi l e she di scovered she coul d get l ast-m i nut e cheap deal s onshi ps goi ng t o A nt arct i ca from t he i sl ands off Ti era del Fuego.（正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票）“可知，是折扣的票价让G inni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段“The real i zat i on t hat t hi s i s a preci ous l and,t o be respect ed by hum ans,w as one oft he biggest t hi ngs t hat hi t hom e t o G inni.（意识至这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是G inni最深刻的感受之）可知，旅行结束后，G inni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述G i nni B alinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段叮hesegent l e l ovel y gat ekeepers w el com ed her and ki ck-st art ed w hat w as t o be a t ri p G i nni w oul d never forget.（这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次G inni永远不会忘记的旅行户和倒数第二段G i nni B alinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了G i nni B alinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，A n unforget t abl eexperience.（一次难忘的经历）能够概括文章主旨。故选B。Passage!（2022浙江高考真题）For nearl y a decade now,M erebet h has been a sel f-em pl oyed pet t ransport speci al i st.H er pet t ransport job w as born of t he fi nanci al cri si s（危机）i n t he l at e 2000s.The dow nt urn hi t t he real est at e（房地产）fi rm w here she had w orked for t en years as an offi ce m anager.The fi rm w ent broke and l eft her l ooki ng fora new j ob.O ne day,w hi l e dri vi ng near her hom e,she saw a dog w anderi ng on t he road,cl earl y l ost.She t ook i thom e,and her si st er i n D enver agreed t o t ake i t.Thi s w as a l ovi ng hom e for sure,but 1,600 m i l es aw ay.It di dn tt ake l ong for M erebet h t o deci de t o dri ve t he dog t here hersel f.It w as her fi rst road t ri p t o her new j ob.M erebet hfs pet del i very servi ce al so sat i sfi es her w anderl ust.It has t aken her t o every st at e i n t he U S exceptM ont ana,W ashi ngt on and O regon,she says proudl y.If she w ant s t o vi si t a new pl ace,she w i l l si m pl y fi nd a petw i t h t ransport needs t here.She t ravel s i n al l w eat hers.She has dri ven t hrough 55 m ph w i nds i n W yom i ng,heavyfl oodi ng and st orm s i n A l abam a and t ot al w hit eout condi t i ons i n K ansas.Thi s w anderl ust i s i nheri t ed from her fat her,she says.She m oved t hei r fam i l y from C anada t o Cal i forni aw hen she w as one year ol d,because he w ant ed t hem t o expl ore a new pl ace t oget her.A s soon as she graduat edfrom hi gh school she l eft hom e t o l i ve on C at al i na Isl and off t he Cal i forni an coast,aw ay from her parent s,w hereshe enj oyed a l i fe of sai l i ng and off-road bi ki ng.It t urns out t hat pel t ransport i ng pays qui t e w el l at about$30,000 per year before t ax.She doesnT w ork i nsum m er,as i t w oul d be unpl easant l y hot for t he ani m al s i n t he car,even w i t h ai r condi t i oni ng.A s aut um n com es,she get s rest l esst he sam e ol d w anderl ust ret urni ng.I t*s a cal l she m ust heed al one,t hough.M erebet h says,W hen I am on t he road,Fm just i n m y ow n w orl d.Fve al w ays been i ndependent-spi ri t ed and I just feel st rongl yt hat I m ush hel p ani m al s.*5.W hy di d M erebet h changed her j ob?A.She w ant ed t o w ork near her hom e.B.She w as t i red of w orki ng i n t he offi ce.C.H er si st er asked her t o m ove t o D enver.D.H er form er em pl oyer w as out of busi ness.6.The w ord w anderl ust*i n paragraph 2 m eans a desi re to?A.m ake m oney.B.t ry vari ous j obs.C.be cl ose t o nat ure.D.t ravel t o di fferent pl aces.7.W hat can w e l earn about M erebet h i n her new j ob?A.She has chances t o see rare ani m al s.B.She w orks hard t hroughout t he year.C.She rel i es on herself t he w hol e t i m e.D.She earns a basi c and t ax-free sal ary.【答案】5.D 6.D 7.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述M erebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。5.推理判断题。根据第一段中“The dow nt urn hi t t he real est at e（房地产）fi rm w here she had w orked for t enyears as an offi ce m anager.The fi rm w ent broke and l eft her l ooki ng for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击 这家公司。公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）“，可知，M erebet h之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。6.词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has t aken her t o every st at e i n t he U S except M ont ana,W ashi ngt on and O regon,she says proudl y.If she w ant s t o vi si t a new pl ace,she w i l l si m pl y fi nd a pet w i t h t ransport needs t here.Shet ravel s i n al l w eathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。她风雨无阻地旅行）“，可知，划线词的意思是“渴 望 去不同的地方旅行故选D。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“W hen I am on t he road,Pm just i n m y ow n w orl d.Fve al w ays beeni ndependent-spi ri t ed and I j ust feel st rongl y t hat I m ush hel p anim als.（当我在路上的时候,我只是在自己的世界里。我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）“，可知，M erebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选CoPassages（2021 天津高考真题）W hen peopl e ask m e how I st art ed w ri t i ng,I fi nd m ysel fdescri bi ng an urgent need t hat I fel t t o w ork w i t h l anguage.H avi ng sai d t hat,I di d not know for a l ong t i m e w hat Iw as l ooki ng for.It w as not unt i l I fol l ow ed t hi s feel i ng t o i t s source t hat I di scovered I had a passi on for w ri t i ng.W i t h som e encouragem ent from m y col l eagues,I had one of m y poem s publ i shed.Thi s bi t of success,how ever,w as t he poi nt w here m y probl em began.Back i n 1978,1 had t o t ravel bet w een t hree di fferent cam puses i n t he m orni ng,t eachi ng freshm ancom posi t i on.A ft ernoons I spent t aki ng m y daught er t o her bal let and horse-ri di ng l essons.I com posed m y l ect ureson t he w ay,and t hat w as al l t he t hi nki ng t i m e I had.W hen I ret urned hom e,t here w as not enough of m e l eft forw ri t i ng aft er a ful l w orki ng day.A s a w ay out,I deci ded t o get up t w o hours before m y usual t i m e.M y al arm w as set for 5:00 A.M.The fi rstday I shut i t off because I had placed i t w i t hi n arm s reach.The second day I set t w o cl ocks,one on m y ni ght t abl e,and one out i n t he hal l w ay.I had t o j um p out of bed and run t o si l ence i t before m y fam i l y w as aw oken.Thi s w asw hen m y m orni ng w ri t i ng began.Si nce t hat fi rst m orni ng i n 1978,I have been fol l ow i ng t he habi t t o t hi s day,not m aki ng or accept i ng m anyexcuses for not w ri t i ng.I w rot e m y poem s i n t hi s m anner for nearl y t en years before m y fi rst book w as publ i shed.W hen I deci ded t o w ri t e a novel,I di vi ded m y t w o hours:t he fi rst for poet ry,t he second for fi ct i on.W el l or badl y,I w rot e at l east t w o pages a day.Thi s i s how m y novel,The Li ne of t he Sun.w as fi ni shed.If I had w ai t ed t o havet he t i m e,I w oul d st i l l be w ai t i ng t o w ri t e m y novel.W hat I got out of get t i ng up i n t he dark t o w ork i s t he feel i ng t hat I am i n cont rol.For m any peopl e,t hei ni t i al sense of urgency t o creat e easi l y di es aw ay because i t requi res m aki ng t he t ough deci si on:t aki ng t he t i m e t ocreat e,st eal i ng i t from yourself if i fs t he onl y way.8.W hat m ot i vat ed t he aut hor t o st art her w ri t i ng career?A.H er st rong w i sh t o share.B.H er keen i nt erest i n w ri t i ng.C.H er urgent need t o m ake a l i vi ng.D.H er passi onat e desi re for fam e.9.W hat probl em di d t he aut hor face w hen she deci ded t o begi n her w ri t i ng?A.She w as t oo exhaust ed t o w ri t e aft er a busy day.B.She had t roubl e i n deci di ng on her w ri t i ng st yl e.C.She had t o t ake t i m e t o di sci pl i ne her daught er.D.She w as unsure about her w ri t i ng ski l l s.10.W hy di d t he aut hor pl ace an al arm cl ock i n t he hal l w ay?A.In case t he cl ock i n her room broke dow n.B.In case she fai l ed t o hear t he ri ngi ng.C.To force herself out of bed.D.To w ake up her fam i l y.11.H ow di d t he aut hor m anage t o fi ni sh her novel?A.By st i cki ng t o w ri t i ng every m orni ng.B,By w ri t i ng w hen her m i nd w as m ost act i ve.C.By draw i ng i nspi rat i ons from cl assi c novel s.D.By reduci ng her t eachi ng hours at school.12.W hat can w e l earn from t he aut hor s success i n her w ri t i ng career?A.It i s never t oo l at e t o change your j ob.B.Im agi nat i ve i deas di e aw ay if not t aken i n t i m e.C.A t i ght schedul e i s no excuse for l ack of act i on.D.D ai l y l i fe provi des i deas for creat i ve w ri t i ng.【答案】8.B9.A 10.C H.A 12.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段W hen peopl e ask m e how I st art ed w ri t i ng,I fi nd m yself descri bi ng an urgentneed t hat I fel t t o w ork w i t h l anguage.“当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B 项。9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段W hen I ret urned hom e,t here w as not enough of m e l eft for w ri t i ng aft er a ful lw orki ng day.当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力己经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A 项。10.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The fi rst day I shut i t off because I had pl aced i t w i t hi n arm s reach.Thesecond day I set t w o cl ocks,one on m y ni ght t abl e,and one out i n t he hal l w ay.“第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C 项。11.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Si nce t hat fi rst m orni ng i n 1978,1 have been fol l ow i ng t he habi t t o t hi s day,not m aki ng or accept i ng m any excuses for not w ri t i ng.”从 1978 年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A 项。12.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“W hat I got out of get t i ng up i n t he dark t o w ork i s t he feel i ng t hat I am i ncont rol.我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Si nce t hat fi rst m orni ng i n1978,1 have been fol l ow i ng t he habi t t o t hi s day,not m aki ng or accept i ng m any excuses for not w ri t i ng.”从 1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C 项。Passage4（2021全国高考真题）W hen I w as 9,w e packed up our hom e i n Los A ngel es and arri ved at H eat hrow,London on a gray J anuary m orni ng.Everyone i n t he fam i l y set t l ed qui ckl y i nt o t he ci t y except m e.W i t hout m ybel oved beaches and endl ess bl ue-sky days,I fel t at a l oss and out of pl ace.U nt i l I m ade a di scovery.Sout hbank,at an east ern bend i n t he Tham es,i s t he cent er of Bri t i sh skat eboardi ng,w here t he cont i nuouscrashi ng of skat eboards l eft your head ri ngi ng.1 l oved i t.I soon m ade fri ends w i t h t he l ocal skat ers.W e spoke ourow n l anguage.A nd m y favori t e:Safe.Safe m eant cool.It m eant hel l o.It m eant don*t w orry about i t.O nce,w hent ryi ng a cert ai n t ri ck on t he beam（横杆）,I fel l ont o t he st ones,dam agi ng a nerve i n m y hand,and Toby cam e over,hel pi ng m e up:Safe,m an.Safe.A few m i nut es l at er,w hen I l anded t he t ri ck,m y fri ends beat t hei r boards l oud,shout i ng:Safe!Safe!Safe!”A nd t hat s w hat m at t ered-l andi ng t ri cks,bei ng a good skat er.W hen I w as 15,m y fam i l y m oved t o W ashi ngt on.I t ri ed skat eboardi ng t here,but t he l ocal s w ere far l essw el com i ng.W i t hi n a coupl e of years,I d gi ven i t up.W hen I ret urned t o London i n 2004,1 found m yself w anderi ng dow n t o Sout hbank,spendi ng hours t here.I vet ravel ed back several t i m es si nce,m ost recent l y t hi s past spri ng.The day w as col d but cl ear:t ouri st s andLondoners st opped t o w at ch t he skat ers.W eavi ng（穿梭）am ong t he ki ds w ho rushed by on thei r boards,I foundm y w ay t o t he beam.Then a rai l-t hi n t eenager,i n a baggy w hi t e Tshi rt,ski dded（滑）up t o t he beam.H e satnext t o m e.H e seem ed not t o not i ce t he m an next t o hi m.But soon I caught a few of hi s gl ances.4I w as a l ocalhere 20 years ago,“I t ol d hi m.Then,sl ow l y,he began t o nod hi s head.t 4Safe,m an.Safe.95“Yeah J I sai d.Safb.”13.W hat can w e l earn about t he aut hor soon aft er he m oved t o London?A.H e fel t di sappoi nt ed.B.H e gave up hi s hobby.C.H e l i ked t he w eat her t here.D.H e had di sagreem ent s w i t h hi s fam i l y.14.W hat do t he underl i ned w ords Safe!Safe!Safe!55 probabl y m ean?A.Be careful!B.W el l done!C.N o w ay!D.D on t w orry!15.W hy d