2022年高考英语（全国乙卷）真题详细解读及评析.pdf
2022高考英语真题深度解读（全国卷1 ）真题解读:试卷导航听力话题形式词数1搭便车下车短对话182通宵赶项目短对话183寻找安静谈话地点短对话184糟心的邻居家的狗短对话115饭店订桌短对话176晚上聚餐安排长对话347公司搬迁计划长对话568艺术家采访长对话829平衡打工与学习长对话7510一个运动员的经历自述独白98语篇话题体裁词数阅读理解A画家亨利雷伯恩爵士展览应 电文202+85阅读理解BDorothy Wickenden 的书籍书评321+122阅读理解C“空中之眼”的技术应用于无人机说明文320+142阅读理解D征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童健康问题说明文325+127阅读七选五五种维系异地友谊的方法应用文247+76完形填空孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互承认和尊重说明文276+184语法填空中国商会博物馆所庆祝第一个国际茶日说明文242短文改错骑自行车的好处议论文97书面表达Learning English Beyond the Classroom应用文100（左右）第一部分 听 力（共两节，满 分 30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第 一 节（共5小题；每 小 题1.5分，满 分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你 都 有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是C。1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Its new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the corner.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。6.What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C Its easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at a time.听第8 段材料，回答第10至 12题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run a museum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the army.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandfs.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens1.听第9 段材料，回答第13至 16题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tired of it.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go for the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love for his home country.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)AHenry Raeburn(1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best lovedpainter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout the world,it isthe first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.Exhibition TimesAn Introduction to RaeburnRaeburn s English ContemporariesSunday 26 Oct.,15.00Thursday 30 Oct.,13.10DUNCAN THOMSONJUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in RaeburnsRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18thPortraitsCenturyThursday 6 Nov.,13.10Thursday 13 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONMARTIN POSTLEMonday-Saturday 10.0017.45 Sunday 12.0017.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:24一26 December and 1 January.Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up toand including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.21.What is the right time fbr attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.23.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.C.They must be led by teachers.B.They should come from art schools.D.They must have ID cards with them.23.C语篇解读关键词Scottish National Portrait Gallery,Sir Henry Raeburn主旨概要主 要 介 绍 了 为 纪 念 苏 格 兰 最 受 欢 迎 的 画 家 亨 利 雷伯恩爵士进行的 展 览 的 相 关 情 况。百科知识雷 伯 恩(1756-1823年)亨利雷伯恩，年 幼 父 母 双 亡，沦 为 孤 儿，早 年 跟 一 金 饰 匠 学 艺，开 始 画 细 密 画，后转师于爱丁堡画家大卫马To 2 8岁 时 在 伦 敦 认 识 雷 诺 兹，受 其 艺 术 深 刻 影 响。次年赴意大利 考 察 学 习 两 年，这 时 已 形 成 自 己 的 艺 术 个 性，3 1岁重回爱丁堡建 立 自 己 的 画 室，接 受 肖 像 订 件，到59岁才成为皇家美术学院院士，66岁被英王乔治四世授予爵士称 号，聘 为 苏 格 兰 御 用 画 家。语言知识重难点词Masterpieces 代 表 作，available 可得，重难点词块a series of lectures 一系歹U 讲 座，the general public 公众,accompaniedby陪同长难句A special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all infull-time education,up to and including those at first degree level,inorganised groups with teachers.所 有 全 日 制 学 生，包 括 学 士 学 位 以 下 的 学 生，都可以以有组织的教师 团 体 的 形 式，享 受 每 人2英 镑 的 特 别 低 入 学 费。【答 案】21.B22.B【解 析】【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角 Raeburns English Contemporaries 部分 uThursday 30 Oct.（10 月30日星期四）”可 知,在 曰 月 30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn English Contemporarieso故选B 项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据 Admission 部分“4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult areadmitted free.（4 英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成 人 陪 同 下 免 费 入 场 可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B 项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all infull-time education,up to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups withteachers.（所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2 英镑的特别低入场费。）”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C 项。BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.一Dorothy Woodruff andRosamond Underwood一traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-roomschoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them tomove to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was asurprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education ofTxvoSociety Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffsgranddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they realizedwhat they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamondand Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden book,she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which ofcourse influenced the girls*decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building ofthe railroads,which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.Thebook ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow allaround them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.124.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.26.Which part of Wickenden writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.27.What is the text?A.A news report.B.A book review.C.A childrens story.D.A diary entry.语篇解读关键词Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood,Nothing Daunted:TheUnexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by主旨概要本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。史密斯女子学院基本信息百科知识T if fjhttutm t rf 7M,.terirfv G irti（R the HVt/DO R O T H Y WIC K E N D E Nw 中文名：史密斯女子学院 英文名:Smith College 位置:Northampton Massachusetts 简称：Smith 钺1 ：他院机涯学院 建校时间：1871-09-01 又名：Smith College（Northampton）ISmith college,Northampton,MA|史密斯学院（北安普敦）I史密斯学院I美国史密斯学院庚国史密斯学院（北安普敦）1美国smith college1美国史登斯女子学院语言知识重难点词Undertake 承担，从事；entailed 牵涉;stoicism 坚忍重难点词块Rocky Mountains 落基山脉；一大批，一大片The sweep of 连绵一片；a blanket of长难句Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and thestoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautifulwriting.Wickenden很会讲故事。大地的辽阔和人民的坚忍不拔使她写出了一些优美的文字。nWhen the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow allaround them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only bysmall animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turnedwhite in thewinter.“当太阳落到山后，它散发出玫瑰色的光芒。然后一轮满月升起。雪上只有一些小动物：狐狸、土狼、老鼠和各种各样的野兔，它们在冬天变成了白色。”【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【解析】【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountainsto teach in a one-room schoolhouse.（1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩-Dorothy Woodruff和 Rosamond Underwood 来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。）”可知，Dorothy和 Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and like them,had littleprivacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.（他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。）”以及“In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D 项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,whichentailed drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C 项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy飞 return to Auburn.（这本书以Rosamond和 Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后一段u Wickenden is a very goodstoryteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautifulwriting/Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。）”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B 项。CCan a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at thesame time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future ofapplying todays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of railtracks and infrastructure（基石出设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do preciselythe same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correctposition of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the morerailway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut andoperations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnelsafety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year onmaintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the railinfrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews1efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services fbrrailways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.Toperform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on anew concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,andprogrammed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travellingahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,they could signal anyproblem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones1 reliable performance in remoteareas.29.What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.30.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits fbr the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.31.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways语篇解读关键词Drones,the safety and reliability of railways主旨概要应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。百科知识无人机自动机场按照公路路网沿线有序部署，依照平台预设的任务计划，无人机自主起飞，遵循云管控平台规划的巡检航线，开展巡检任务，任务完成后自动降落回收，全流程可无需人工干预。得益于图像分割与识别技术，无人机可对路面进行精准定位，采集的图像实时传输至云端AI识别系统，自主识别道路落石、路面损坏、山体滑坡等异常事件，输出公路安全风险评估报告。语言知识重难点词drones 无人机；infrastructure 基础设施；重难点词That is the very likely.很有可能.；high-tension electrical lines 高块压电线；on a 24/7 basis每 周7天、每 天24小时运行长难句By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providinghigher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，检测铁路或道岔的故障，以免引起任何安全问题【答案】28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D【解析】【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electricallines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of railinfrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.（无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面,如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置）”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect andrepair the rail infrastructure.（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知4That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C 项：Inspection and repair（检修）含义相近。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Engineers are now working on a new concept:the rail dronesof the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to runautonomously（工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路
