中考英语各种题材阅读理解强化训练（附详解）.pdf

阅读理解(-)人物故事+校园生活+环境保护A 兰 州 As a well-known Chinese TV hostess,Dong Qing is now hosting two cultural shows,Chinese PoetryConference and Readers.The two shows are encouraging people to love traditional culture and find thebeauty of life.Dong was born in a highly educated family in 1973.She had a great love for traditional literature（文学）from an early age.In when she was about to study in the US,Dong received an invitation from the directorof Chinese Poetry Conference asking her to be the hostess.Because of her passion for traditional literature,Dong accepted the job.“The contest interests me very much.Hosting it is a process of learning about poetry and performing/said Dong.To her great joy,the show has become more and more popular.Under the slogan（口号）Reading touches people1 s hearts”,the new TV show Readers has become asuccess.It invites famous guests from all walks of life to read something.Dong works as both hostess andproducer.Readers became a turning point in Dong s 21 years of hosting.She said it brought her“quite a hugechallenge7.“There is no shortcut（捷径）in this world.If you want to be a good host,you need to make thoroughpreparations/said the beautiful hostess.The charm of life lies in its unknown,so we just have to try andkeep going.l.What shows is Dong Qing hosting now?K Readers.Chinese Poetry Conference.C.Chinese Poetry Conference and Readers.D.The Voice of China.2.Where did Dong Qing decide to study in?A.In France.B.In England.C.In Japan.D.In America.3.What does Dong Qing do at present?A.An actress.B.A singer.C.A hostess.D.A hostess and producer.4.The underlined word passion“in the second paragraph probably means“gr eat .A.love B.joyC.surprise D.pride5.What s the best title（题目）for the text?A.Find the Beauty of LifeB.How to Be a Successful TV HostessC.Reading Touches People s HeartsD.Dong Qing一a Talented LadyB 常州We wake up very early to go to school,maybe even earlier to meet with a teacher;complete ourextracurricular（课程以夕卜的）activities,come home to have a quick dinner,talk for eight minutes with ourparents and do homework until we fall asleep.But then we remember.We have to look at the AmericanCollege Test（ACT）exercises one more time.Half asleep,we run downstairs to get the ACT book,and startstudying.After this we finally get to turn off the lights and drift away to sleep.And then six hours later,we doit all over again.In my health class,my teacher told us that teenagers need at least eight to nine hours of sleep eachnight.The sad truth is,with so much to do every day,high school students cannot keep to this sleepschedule（安排）.Let me ask you all a question:Doesn*t it seem more humane（人道的）to give a teenager perhaps twohours of homework each night?This would allow us to have the eight to nine hours of much needed sleep.Or does it seem better to pile students with five hours of work a night?It leaves us very little time to relax,therefore reducing the time that we can sleep.In my opinion,the present structure（结构）of the junior year of high school doesn t work well.Junioryear of high school is a time for growth.By this time many students have the ability to think creatively,andsolve challenging problems.Homework is important for a student*s growth.But do we really need to spendcountless hours a night doing it?Too much homework can only lead to too little sleep and too low an ability.I do think it is time to change the structure,so that we sleep at home,and learn at school.l.In the first paragraph the writer gi ves.A.a picture of the present daily life of high school studentsB.an example of an ideal daily life of high school studentsC.a reason for high school students to live a busy daily school lifeD.a suggestion of what high school students should do to pass ACT2.From the last paragraph we know that the writer t hi nks.A.junior year of high school is the most important growth periodB.challenging problems are needed for a teenager s growthC.the ability to think has nothing to do with homeworkD.the present structure leads to students often sleeping in class3.Why does the writer write this article?A.To prove the role of enough sleep in teenagers growth.B.To complain about the problems in the system of the ACT.C.To ask for a change for less homework and more sleep.D.To discuss the relationship between sleep and homework.C 广州Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth.What many people don t know isthat junk（垃圾）has become a problem in outer space too.According to BBC News,there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the Earth.Andthese are just the things that we can see from the surface of the Earth by telescopes（望远镜）.There are alsomillions of smaller pieces of junk that we can t see.Objects,like bits of old space rockets or satellites,move around the planet at very high speeds,so fastthat even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts.If the tiniestpiece of junk crashed into a spaceship,it could damage the vehicle.To make things worse,when two objects in space crash,they break into many smaller pieces.Forexample,when a US satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009,it broke into more than 2,000 pieces,increasing the amount of space junk.To reduce additional space junkz countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in spacefor 25 years at most.Each tool must be built to fall safely into the Earth s atmosphere after that time.In theupper parts of the atmosphere,it will burn up.Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk.In England scientists aretesting a metal net that can be fired into space junk.The net catches the junk and then pulls it into theEarth s atmosphere to burn up.The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk andbring them back to the Earth to be safely destroyed.“The problem is becoming more challenging because we re sending more objects into space to helppeople use their mobile phones and computers/*says Marco Castronuovo,an Italian space researcher.“The time to act is now.The longer we leave the problem,the bigger it will become/he says.l .What does the underlined word“these in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Telescopes.B.Satellites.C.Pieces of space junk.D.BBC News reports.2.Why is space junk considered a problem?A.It burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere.B.It often stops the view of telescopes on the Earth.C.It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds.D.It may crash into other space tools causing damage or death.3.Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the Earth,s atmosphere so that.A.the tools can be reused laterB.the tools don*t become space junkC.the Earth s atmosphere can stay cleanD.the effects of space flight can be studied4.How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?A.Catch it with nets.B.Use robots to collect it.C.Burn it in the Earth/s atmosphere.D.Send it farther away from the Earth.5.1n which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?A.Environment.B.Local News.C.Education.D.Fashion.参考答案A 主旨大意本篇短文介绍了中国著名主持人董卿凭着对传统文学的热爱,成功地主持了两档黄金节目 中国诗词大会和 朗读者。董卿告诫我们成功没有捷径，如果想成为一名好的主持人，必须做好全面的准备。1.C 细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句As a well-known Chinese TV hostess,Dong Qing is now hosting twocultural shows,Chinese Poetry Conference and Readers.可知董卿现在主持 中国诗词大会和 朗读者这两档节目。故 选C。2.D 细节理解题。根据短文第二段第三句In when she was about to study in the US,.可知年董卿决定去美国学习。故 选D。3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句Dong works as both hostess and producer.可知董卿现在既是主持人又是制片人。故 选D。4.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句She had a great love for traditional literature from an early age.可知董卿从小就很热爱传统文学，由此可推测出画线单词passion的含义与love相近，意为 酷爱。故选A.5.D主旨大意题。本篇短文介绍了中国著名主持人董卿凭着对传统文学的热爱,成功地主持了两档黄金节目 中国诗词大会和 朗读者，故D项最适合作为本篇短文的标题。B 主旨大意本文是一篇夹叙夹议文章。作者首先叙述了学生繁忙的日常活动，然后论述了课业负担重，缺乏睡眠的事实和问题，最后作者论述了自己的看法:高三学年结构不合理，过多的课业导致学生睡眠不足，能力下降;学生应该在家睡觉,在校学习。1.A推理判断题。阅读第一段可知，作者叙述 我们 从一大早起床到校学习，完成课程外活动，到匆匆忙忙吃饭,再到做大学入学考试练习题，学到深夜，短暂睡眠之后开始第二天的奔波，所以本段给我们描绘了一幅中学生繁忙的日常生活的画面。故选A。2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的the present structure of the junior year of high school doesn t workwell.Too much homework can only lead to too little sleep可以判断，作者认为现在的高三结构导致学生睡眠不足，在课堂上睡觉。故 选D。3.C作者意图题。阅读全文可知，作者想通过描述学生的繁忙学习，过重的学业导致学生睡眠不足提出改变这一课业结构,减少家庭作业，增加睡眠时间的想法。所 以c项是作者写本文的原因。其他选项以偏概全。故 选C。C 主旨大意本文是一篇说明文。因为人类的飞行物而产生的垃圾在外太空环绕地球飘移，这给一些飞行器和宇航员带来了极大的危险。为了解决这一问题,各国都在采取措施收集这些垃圾。尽管目前难度很大，但越早处理这些垃圾对人类就越好。1.C 代词指代题。根据画线单词前一句According to BBC News,there are more than 22,000 pieces of spacejunk floating around the Earth.可知,太空有22000多片垃圾。由此推知,这里的these指代 太空垃圾。故选C.2.D细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，太空垃圾飞速飘移会对重要的卫星和宇航员产生危害。故 选D。3.B细节理解题。根据第五段可知，为了减少太空垃圾，各个国家都要求新的航空器最多使用2 5年，而且报废时必须落入大气层以让其燃烧掉。故 选B。4.B 细节理解题。根据第六段中的The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk andbring them back to the Earth to be safely destroyed.可知，德国准备建造太空机器人去太空收集太空垃圾，然后带回地球安全销毁。故选瓦5.A推理判断题。这篇文章介绍的是外太空充斥太空垃圾这一现状，并介绍了各国在积极想出对策清理太空环境。这应该属于 环境 话题。故选A。阅读理解（二）健康生活+教育故事+科普知识A 淮安Have you ever considered starting a fitness programme?Since exercise can reduce the risk of diseases,improve balance,help lose weight,better sleep habits and even make you confident,you can start a fitnessprogramme in the following steps.Test your fitness levelHow many metres can you walk or run in one minute?How much time does it take you to swim 50metres?What is your heart rate（/心率）?The data（数据）of your fitness level can help you know what activitiesyou need.Design your fitness programmeYou may have begun your daily exercise.But a personal plan helps more.First,you should have yourfitness goals（目标）.For example,what do you want to look like,to be slimmer or quicker?A balanced planwill help you start low,progress slowly,do right activities and even allow you to recover（康复）if you get hurt.Prepare things needed for sportsYou need something practical,enjoyable and easy to use.It could be a pair of trainers,a volleyball bat ora bicycle.You can also download fitness apps（应用程序）on your mobile phone to measure distances,caloriesburned or your heart rate.Take actionNow you*re ready for action.When you begin,don t always try tough tasks.Listen to your body andreduce exercise time if necessary.Monitor your progressTest your fitness level again six weeks later.If you have achieved your goals,increase exercise time tocontinue improving.Starting an exercise programme is an important decision.By planning carefully and acting step by step,you can have good health.l .How many steps are mentioned in this passage to start a fitness programme?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.2.You d better test your fitness level first to.A.lose weightB.make you more confidentC.reduce your exercise time0.decide what activities you need3.The underlined word“Monitor“in this passage means”.A.watch B.keep C.take D.make4.What should you do if you start a fitness programme?A.AIways do the same activity.B.Start low and progress slowly.C.Test your fitness level every week.D.Take exercise as much as you can.5.This passage is mainly about.A.how to start a fitness programmeB.how to design a fitness programmeC.the importance of good healthD.the importance of a fitness programmeB 广安There once lived a rich businessman who had a lazy son.The businessman wanted his son to realize thevalue of labour.One day,he told his son,“Today,I want you to earn something.If you fail,you won t have your mealtonight.The boy didn t want to find a job,so he asked his mother for help.She gave him a gold coin.In theevening,when the father asked his son what he had earned,the son showed him the gold coin.The fatherthen asked him to throw it into the well（水井）.The son did as he was told.The father guessed that the gold coin was from the boy s mother.The next day,he sent his wife to herparents home and asked his son to earn something.Since no one helped him,the son had to go to themarket to look for a job.A shopkeeper told him that he would pay him a coin if he carried heavy tools forhim.The son accepted.As he returned home and gave the coin to his father,he was asked to throw it intothe well.The boy cried,Dad!My body is aching,r m tired.How are you asking me to throw myhard-earned coin into a well?The businessman smiled.He told his son that one feels pain only when the fruits of labour are wasted.The son realized the value of hard work.He promised not to be lazy any more.l .Who helped the son when he was asked to earn something for the first time?A.His father.B.His mother.C.His sister.D.The shopkeeper.2.The underlined word“aching has the similar meaning with .A.painful B.hopeful C.helpful D.powerful3.Why did the father ask the boy to throw his coin into the well?A.To fill the well.B.To check if the coin was real.C.To keep the coin for the boy.D.To check if the boy had earned the coin by himself.4.How did the son feel when his father asked him to throw the coin into the well again?A.Surprised.B.Sad.C.Excited.D.Relaxed.5.The story is mainly about.A.a wise father B.a gold coin C.the fruits of labour D.a lazy boyC 北部湾Imagine a perfect day:the weather is good and everything seems fine.When,suddenly,your mobilephone loses its signal,the television has no programmes,and you can t get online with your computer.What has happened?These are just the types of problems a solar storm（太阳风暴）might cause.You maynot think of storms as putting our society in danger.But today,a solar storm is as serious as other bad events,such as earthquakes.A solar storm is caused by solar flares（太B曰耀斑）:large explosions（爆炸）near the sun that can give off lotsof energy.The strong energy can stop the satellite systems（卫星系统）that control our computers,telecomnetworks and so on.These storms can even cause the power to go out for weeks or months.In the past few months,scientists have recorded some of the strongest sun flares in years.The mostrecent one happened around Valentine*s Day,2011.It caused radio and satellite signals to go down insome northern cities in China.“Solar flare activity is going to be much worse than what we ve seen in the past.We re not talkingabout a few cities losing power;it could be half of the country,maybe more,“,a USwebsite about space weather,warned.Scientists say that little can be done to predict such a storm.Governments around the world are tryingto work together before the next storm,although they are not sure when that may happen.l.According to the passage,a solar storm can cause many problems EXCEPT t hat.A.earthquakes happenB.mobile phones have no signalsC.people cannot get onlineD.the power may go out2.According to the passage,solar flares are.A.telecom networksB.solar stormsC.large explosions near the sunD.US websites3.From the passage,the right order of the following is.a.solar flares give off lots of energyb.people can7 t get online with their computersc.solar storms happend.satellite systems are stoppedA.a-b-c-d B.a-c-d-b C.c-a-b-d D.c-b-a-d4.The writer wrote the passage mainly to.A.call for scientists to predict when the next solar storm will happenB.tell people how to solve the problems caused by solar stormsC.introduce what solar storms are to peopleD.ask people to work to prevent the solar storm from happening5.1n Paragraph L th