中考英语复习：阅读训练专项十四组42篇.pdf

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不 得 法。”英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚 持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。一、多“说”。自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈 风 景、谈学校只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人 的 发 音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。三、多“读”。“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。四、多 写有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其 实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一 词 时，可写一小段如下：The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tomwishes to be a soldier.However,lm different.1 wish I were a teacher in thefuture.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练 说“，吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。背英语单词技巧1、循环记忆法艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从“记“到“忆“是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保 持、再认和回忆。有 很 多 人 在 学 习 英 语 的 过 程 中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰 不 知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人 的，它 可 以 存 贮1015比特（b y te,字节）的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占1 0%,还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这 是 因 为，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题“即记忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规 律。一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯（Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909）,他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的：输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是如果不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那 么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比 如asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc等 等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。然 后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间（天数），曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的发展规律，即“先快后慢”的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现，学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习，就只剩下原来的25%)o随着时间的推移，遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持9 8%,乙组保持5 6%；一周后甲组保持8 3%,乙组保持3 3%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记 住 1 2 个无意义音节，平均需要重复16.5次；为了记住3 6 个无意义章节，需重复5 4 次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8 次！这个实验告诉我们，凡是理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的对比，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线“个性化的艾宾浩斯上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线2如何学英语下定决心，坚持不懈英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原则是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模仿，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后达到自如地说英语，他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授4 5 岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。注意方法，循序渐进决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。(1)要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规则，尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词，掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。(2)掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子,阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。(3)掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住，活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确，熟练。只有经过大量的实践，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。提前预习，有的放矢作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，对比一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课老师的发音,还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。认真听课，积极配合课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向老师提出，把问题搞清楚，老师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复思考一下这些问题，抓住老师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。完成作业，找出问题学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业,笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，提高听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的基础上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的，一定不要偷懒。及时复习，巩固知识学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比,总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复基本句型，常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业,及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定能够学好英语中考英语总复习阅读理解专项练习第 一 组(共 3 篇)：(A)(CCTV 9,October16,2003)CHINA launched its firstmanned spaceship intospace at 9 yesterdaymorning.Yang Liwei,38,is the first spaceman ofChina.He was chosenfrom 14 pilots after manydifficult tests.The shipcircled the earth 14 timesin about 20 hours.CHINA will send two moreastronauts into space next year.This time,they will stay upthere for five to seven daystesting the spaceship.Fourteenastronauts are now training forthe trip.Last October,Shengzhou V made China thethird nation to send a man intospace.(China Daily,April 6,2004)THE 2008 OlympicGames will get somehelp from space.NextMay,China will send asmall satellite intospace.It will watch theOlympic venues(场馆)as people buildthem.The satellite willalso help us to keep theenvironment clean.Itwill stay in space for 5years.( May2004)根据以上三则新闻内容，选择最佳答案。()1.How many countries sent spaceship with man into space?A.One B.Three C.Two D.Four.()2.How long did Yang Liwei stay in the space?A.Seven days.B.Five years.C.About five days.D.About twenty hours.()3.When will China send up a satellite into space to watch the Olympicvenues?A.In May,2005 B.In April,2008C.In April,2005 D.In May,2008.()4.How old is Yang Liwei this year?A.38 B.40 j C.39 D.37()5.According to(根 据)the news above,which is right?A.China will send two more astronauts into space in 2006.B.Shenzhou V was sent up into space on Oct.15,2003.C.China has sent a spaceship with two people into space.D.The satellite will only help us to keep the environment clean.(B)Last week,169 Junior 1 students at No.35 Middle School of Shenyang tooktheir first no-teacher exam.After the teacher handed out the exam paper,he left theroom and never came back.A student collected in the papers when the examended.“That test was not only a test of knowledge,but also a test of moral(道德).We wanted to show students how important honesty(诚实)is,“said Cai Wenguo,the schoofs headmaster.The school says no cheating(作弊)happened in the test.Next year,it wants 80%of its exams to be without teachers.But students havedifferent ideas.“I was happy and excited during the exam because my teachers trusted(信任)me,“said Lang Yudan,a 13-year-old girl in Class 11.“Schools must trust students a lot not to use invigilators(监考人).But Ithink it is too early.Some students will cheat if there are no invigilators.And thestudents will not be able to ask for help when needed.said Hua Sha.I dont like having invigilators in exams.When they walk around theclassroom,they make me nervous.I would get higher marks without them in theroom because I would feel more relaxed.Liu Qingxi said.“I think its very important to have invigilators in exams.Many studentswant to check their answers with each other after they have finished papers.Andthey can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens.Theymay make me nervous,but I still think we need them.Shangguan Yuan said.Not using invigilators may be a good idea.But before using it,schools musttell students the importance of honesty and try to find ways to solve somethingunusual in exams.()6.The passage mainly(主要地)talks a bo u t.A.how to pass an examB.how to make students honestC.whether there is cheating in examsD.whether invigilators are needed in exams()7.No.35 Middle School of Shenyang held a no-teacher exam to.A.let the students have a good rest B.teach the students in a better wayC.help all the students pass the exam D.find whether the students werehonest()8.From what the students have said,we know.A.invigilators really help them a lot B.all of them think it is a good ideaC.something unusual never happens in exams D.not all of them agree withthe headW()9.What does Hua Sha think about no-teacher exams?A.Its a good idea to have no-teacher exams but something must be donefirst.B.If there are no invigilators,the students will certainly get lower marks.C.Exams without invigilators will never be held since students are not honest.D.She thinks its the best way to show that schools trust their students a lot.()10.In the sentence u And they can also keep the classroom in order whensomething unusual happens”they”refers to(指).A.students B.headmasters C.invigilators D.schools(C)What will you be doing when you are 26 years old?Studying at university orworking for aliving?Take a look at what Albert Einstein was doing at the age of 26.100 years ago,Einstein was working in Switzerland.His hobby wasphysics.Without muchmoney or help,he wrote five papers（论文）for a physics magazine.Three of thesegreatly changed the study of physics and our understanding of space,time,lightand matter（物质）.His most famous work is on the Theory of Relativity（相对论）.Einstein was given the Nobel Prize（诺贝尔奖）for His discoveries.Althoughhe did many other things later,1905 has been called Einsteins Year ofWonders（奇迹）It has been 100 years since then.Because of this,the UN hasnamed 2005 me World Year Of Physics.Fifty years after Einsteins death,a question is asked,“Will there ever beanother Einstein?It may take a long time.After alL Einstein was bom more than 200 years after SirIsaac Newton,another great scientist.Besides,physics is a different field（领域）now,andeducation is different,too.Even if you cant be the next great scientist,it is still helpful to remembersome of the thingsthat made Einstein great.He thought independently（独立地）and read widely.Heleft us with aformula（公式）for life：If A is a success in life,men A=X+Y+Z.X is work；Y isplay;and Z iskeeping your mouth shut.根据短受内容，选择正确答案，并将其字母代号填入题前括号内。（共 5 小题,每小题2 分）（）11.What was the field of Einsteins study?A.Physics.B.Wonders.C.success in life.D.Relativity.（）12.The year 1905 is known as Einsteins Year of Wonders becauseA.Einstein was working in Switzerland in 1905B.Einstein was 26 years old in 1905C.Einstein made some very important discoveries in 1905D.Einstein studied physics in 1 905（）1 3.Why hasnt there been another scientist as great as Einstein?A.Because the study of physics is not enough.B.Because it is hard to make important discoveries as Einstein did.C.Because people dont work hard any more.D.Because physics is getting more and more difficult.（）14.The UN has named 2005 me World Year of Physicsbecaus e.A.Einstein is 100 years old this yearB.Einstein has been dead for 50 yearsC.there have been other great discoveries after Einsteins deathD.it is the 100,h year since Einsteins Year of Wonders5（）15.What does Einsteins formula of success mean?A.Success means years of hard work.B.Success means all study and no play.C.Success means working hard,relaxing and not talking too much.D.Success is a secret that nobody knows.第 二 组（共 3 篇）:(A)The day was like any other day in his life.Tom walked past the shop on thestreet corner.He stopped to look at the front row of shoes,and he felt happy to seethat the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there.Looking down at his oldshoes,he felt sorry for himself.He really wanted to have them for his birthday.He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it.He knewvery well she had little money.He decided not to go home at once,as he lookedsad and his mother would notice it.So he went to the park and sat on the grass.There he saw a boy moving a wheelchair with his hands.Tom looked at him andwas surprised to see that the boy had no feet.He looked at his own feet.Itsmuch better to be without shoes than without feet.he thought.There was noreason for him to feel so sorry and sad.He went away and smiled,thinking he washappier.()1.Tom passed the shop.A.on foot B.by bike C.in a wheelchair D.by bus()2.Tom stopped in front of the shop because he wanted to.A.buy the shoes B.look at the shoes he likedC.buy a present for his friend D.get something for his birthday party()3.That pair of shoes Tom liked was.A.too cheap B.too large for himC.not sold yet D.not there()4.Why did Tom go to the park?Be c a u s e.A.many nice shoes were sold there B.he wanted to play there for awhileC.he wanted to see his disabled friend D.he didnt want to make hismother worried()5.We can learn from the story that Tom.A.liked new shoes very much B.loved his mother very muchC.didnt want to stay at home D.had no feet(B)There is a saying that the British like a nice cup of tea in the morning and anice cup of tea at night.And at half past seven,their idea of heaven is a nice cup oftea.They like a nice cup of tea with their dinner and a nice cup of tea time,andbefore they go to bed,there is a lot to be said about a nice cup of tea!Sometimes it seems that no one like tea as much as the British do.But in fact,tea is liked in countries around the world.In China and Japan tea was first used asa medicine,many years later,people there drank tea as a beverage(饮 料).People in the world like to drink different kinds of tea,green,black or red assome people call it.Served in different ways.But they all know that drinking tea isgood for ones health.()6.The main idea of the first paragraph(自然段)is.A.how many cups of tea the British drink each dayB.that the British like talking about teaC.that the British cant live without drinking teaD.that tea is very important in the life of the British)7.The phrase“their idea of heaven means.A.the happiest thing for them B.their thoughtsC.their God D.the worst thing for them)8.The sentence“there is a lot to be said about a nice cup of tea“meansA.they enjoy drinking a nice cup of tea B.there is a lot of teaC.they talk much about a nice cup of tea D.there is a talk while drinkingtea()9.From the passage we know tea was used as a medicine manyyears ago.A.the world B.BritishC.many countries D.China and Japan()10.This passage mainly tells us.A.people in different countries like drinking different teaB.something interesting about teaC.how many kinds of tea there are in