2023年小学六年级英语语法要点及习题.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 小学英语语法要点及习题 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2以 s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es，如：knife-knives 5 不 规 则 名 词 复 数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice，child-children，foot-feet,tooth-teeth，fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 6.合成词单复数变化规则 1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。例如：homework,newspaper 等。2)以man 或 woman 为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。例如：woman doctorwomen doctors,man waitermen waiters.7.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people police 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，但可以说 a person，a policeman，the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如 The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 学习必备 欢迎下载 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No.1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成 1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks 2 以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6.What _they often _(do)on Saturdays?7._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?8.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.10.There _(be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _(like)cooking.12.They _(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _(look)after her baby carefully.等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 14.You always _(do)your homework well.15.I _(be)ill.Im staying in bed.16.She _(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _(do)not like PE.18.The child often _(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be)it today?Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1.Tom watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_ 2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_ 6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_ 7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_ 8.John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_ 9.She is a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_ 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English?_ 2.Does he likes going fishing?_ 3.He likes play games after class._ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English._ 5.She dont do her homework on Sundays._ 三、现在进行时 1 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+be+动词 ing?动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.6.They _(not,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,she is.三、句型转换：1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _ 3Im playing the football in the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)_ 4Tom is reading books in his room.(对划线部分进行提问)_ 四、将来时理论及练习 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to+do；will+do.三、否定句：在be 动词（am,is,are）l 后加not 或情态动词will 后加not 成wont。等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be 或 will提到句首，some 改为 any,and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What do.例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine.When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to=will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.=I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 改句子。5.Nancy is going to go on a picnic.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go on a picnic.6.Ill go and visit them.（改否定）I _ go _ visit them.7.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8.We will meet at the bus station at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus station at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Today is a sunny day.We _(have)a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He _(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?15.Its Friday today.What _she _(do)this weekend?She _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects.16.What _(d0)you do last Sunday?I _(pick)apples on a farm.What _(do)next Sunday?I _(milk)cows.17.Mary _(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao _(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David _(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I _(plan)for my study now 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 五、一般过去时 1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。（was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。（were not=werent）带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is,am,are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,swim-swam,sit-sat 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 is/am_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ eat_ draw_ put _eat_ throw_ pass_ do _ Be 动词的过去时练习（1）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two years ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6.There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、句型转换 1.It was exciting.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2.They were in his pocket.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 Be 动词的过去时练习 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1.I _ an English teacher now.2.She _ happy yesterday.3.They _ glad to see each other last month.4.Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5.The little dog _ two years old this year.6.Look,there _ lots of grapes here.7.There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8.Today _ the second of June.Yesterday _ the first of June.It _ Childrens Day.All the students _ very excited.行为动词的过去时练习 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1.He _(live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat _(eat)a bird last night.3.We _(have)a party last Halloween.4.I _(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.5.They _(play)chess in the classroom last PE lesson.6.My mother _(cook)a nice food last Spring Festival.7.The girls _(sing)and _(dance)at the party.二、句型转换 1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2.Sam went to school early.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 3.We sang some English songs.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1.I _(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her father _(read)a newspaper last night.3.We _ to zoo yesterday,we _ to the park.(go)4._ you _(visit)your relatives last Spring Festival?5._ he _(fly)a kite on Sunday?Yes,he _.6.What _ she _(find)in the garden last morning?She _(find)a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换 1.They played football in the playground.否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、中译英 1.斯玛特先生去年住在中国。_ 2.昨天我们参观了农场。_ 过去时综合练习（1）一、用动词的适当形式填空 1.It _(be)Amys birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.She likes _ newspapers,but she _ a book yesterday.(read)等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 5.He _ football now,but they _ basketball just now.(play)9.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.10.We _(go)to school on Sunday.过去时综合练习（2）一、用动词的适当形式填空 1.It _(be)the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr Smart _(go)to his office by car.2.Gao Shan _(put)the book on his head a moment ago.3.Dont _ the house.Mum _ it yesterday.(clean)4.What _ you _ just now?I _ some housework.(do)5.They _(make)a kite a week ago.6._ he _ the flowers this morning?Yes,he _.(water)7.She _(be)a pretty girl.Look,she _(do)Chinese dances.8.The students often _(draw)some pictures in the art room.六、形容词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用 more,a little 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加 er 的规则：一般在词尾加 er；以字母 e 结尾，加 r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把 y 变 i，再加 er。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-more beautiful 三、练习 一)、写出下列形容词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ 等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.5.Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers?Hers is.6.Marys hair is as _(long)as Lucys.7.Ben _(jump)_(high)than some of the boys in his class.8.My eyes are _(big)than _(she).9.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?三)、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？_ is _than Jim？2、谁比 David 更强壮？_ _ than David?3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？_ pencil is _,_or_？4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.七、There be 句型与 have,has的区别 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is;主语是复数，be 动词用 are;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not,一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与 have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？Fill in the blank with“have,has”or“there is,there are”1.I_a good father and a good mother.2._a telephone on the desk.3.He_a radio.4._a basketball in the playground.5.She_some dresses.6.They_a nice garden（花园）.7.What do you_?8._a reading-room in the building?9.What does Mike_?10._any books in the bookcase?11.My father_a story-book.12._a story-book on the table.13._any flowers in the vase?14.How many students_in the classroom?15.My parents_some nice pictures.16._some maps on the wall.17._a map of the world on the wall.18._many children on the hill.等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 用恰当的 be 动词填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2、There some milk in the glass.3、There some people under the the big tree.4、There a picture and a map on the wall.5、There a box of rubbers near the books.6、There lots of flowers in our garden last year.7、There a cake behind the fridge（冰箱）yesterday.8、There four cups of coffee on the table.Fill in the blank with“have,has”1.I_ a nice dress.2.He_a good friend.3.They_ some books.4.We_some flowers.5.She_ a duck.6.My father_ a new bike.7.Her mother_a vase.8.Our teacher_ an English book.9.Our teachers_a basketball.10.Nancy_many skirts.11.David_some jackets.12.My friends_a football.13.What do you_?14.What does Mike_?15.What do your friends_?16.What does Helen_?17.His brother_a basketball.18.Her sister_a nice doll.19.Miss Li_an English book.等以或为前缀的名词变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数例如集体名词以二一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能表示事物或人为动词主语行为动词其它如我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数时要在学习必备 欢迎下载 八、人称代词和物主代词 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 我 I me 我的 my mine 你，你们 you you 你的，你们的 your yours 他 he him 他的 his his 她 she her 她的 h