高级英语第一册Unit5_Speech_on_Hitler’s_Invasion_of_the_U.S.S.R.ppt

Book OneBook OneLesson FiveLesson Five Speech on Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.U.S.S.R.uGermanyuU.S.S.R.uHitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.uNon-aggressionPactSpeechonHitlersInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.uInMarch1939,BritainandFrancestartedtalkswiththeSovietUniononpossiblecooperationagainstFascistGermany.uAtthattimeBritainunderChamberlainandFranceunderDaladierwerepursuingapolicyofappeasement.uAfterthreemonthsfruitlessnegotiation,thetalkswerebrokenoff.uTheninordertoprotectitself,theSovietUnionsignedthenon-aggressionpactwithHitlersGermanyonAugust23,1939.uOnSept.1,1939,HitlerinvadedPoland.uOnSept.17,SoviettroopsalsocrossedtheborderandmovedintoPoland,taking77,000smofterritory.uTheRusso-FinnishwarbeganonNov.1,1939andendedinMarch1940.uTheFinnssuedforpeaceandcededanareaofover16,000smtotheSovietUnion.uInJune1940,SoviettroopsoccupiedthethreeBalticstates（拉脱维亚，爱沙尼亚，立陶宛，芬兰）andpartofRumania.uBeforethefallofPoland,BritishintelligenceofficersmanagedtogetholdofaGermancodingmachineandagroupofcode-breakingexperts,calledtheBletchlyParkgroup,soondiscoveredhowthemachineworked.uWiththehelpofthismachine,theBritishwereabletodecipherallGermancodedmessages.uSoonJune6,theBritishhadalreadylearntthatHitlerwastoattackRussiaandsopassedonawarningtotheSovietUnion,whichwasunheeded.uOnJune20,twodaysbeforetheinvasion,ChurchillworkedonaspeechtobebroadcasttotheworldwhentheinvadingforcesrolledintoRussia.uThespeechwascarefullycomposed,fullofgravethemesandweightyarguments.uChurchillpolishedthetextonJune22,1941inhisElizabethanmanoratChequers.UnionFlaguUnionJackuBritishMeteorFlagBritish politician and prime minister of the United KingdomuFull name:uSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchillu(1874-1965)uHisnamestestifytotherichnessofhishistoricinheritance:uWinston,aftertheRoyalistfamilywithwhomtheChurchillmarriedbeforetheEnglishCivilWar;uLeonard,afterhisremarkablegrandfather,LeonardJeromeofNewYork;uSpencer,themarriednameofadaughterofthe1stdukeofMarlborough,fromwhomthefamilydescended;uChurchill,thefamilynameofthe1stduke,whichhisdescendentsresumedaftertheBattleofWaterloo.quick factsBirth November 30,1874Death January 24,1965Place of Birth Blenheim Palace,Oxfordshire,EnglandPolitical Party ConservativeOfficial Title Prime ministerTerm 1940-1945 Prime minister of the United Kingdom 1951-1955 Prime minister of the United KingdomKnown for Leading the United Kingdom and the Allies to victory in World War II.Award 1953 Nobel Prize in literatureSirWinstonChurchill(1874-1965)uWinstonChurchillwasbornonNov.30,1874.uHewastheeldestsoninthefamily.uHewenttoHarrowin1888andthentotheRoyalMilitaryCollegeatSandhurst.uHewasneithersuccessfulnorhappyatschool.u(OtherfamouspublicschoolsinEnglandareEton,Winchester,Charterhouse,Rugbyetc.)FactsaboutChurchilluIn school Churchill was at the bottom of his class.Nothing showed that he would become“the largest human being of our time”uPhysically he was not a big man-at 5-foot-8 he was shorter than Harry Truman.u1895:Hewascommissionedinthe Fourth Hussars.He soonobtained a leave,and workedduring the Cuban war as areporter for the London DailyGraphic.u1896-1897:Churchillservedas a soldier and journalist inIndia.u1900:Afterabriefbuteventfulcareerinthearmy,hebecameaConservativeMemberofParliament.u1904:HeswitchedfromconservativestoLiberalPartyu1910-11:Homesecretaryu1911-1915:Lordoftheadmiraltyu1940-1945:PrimeMinisterandMinisterofDefenseu1951:PrimeMinister(1955resign)u1953:QueenElizabethIIconferredonChurchillthe dignity of Knighthood and invested him with theinsigniaofthe Order of the Garteru1955-1964:aMemberofParliamentu1963:thehonorary citizenshipoftheUnitedStatesconferredbyPresidentKennedyu1965:HesufferedcerebralthrombosisLord Randolph ChurchillBlenheim PalaceMEMBER OF PARLIAMENTMEMBER OF PARLIAMENTWinston Churchill in 1904p Following his graduation from the Royal Military College he was commissioned in the Forth Hussars.p As a war correspondent he was captured.p After his escape he became a National Hero.p Ten month later he was elected as a member of the Conservative Party.p In 1904 he joined the Liberal Party where he became the president of the Board of Trade.WORLD WAR IHis career was almost destroyed as a result of the unsuccessful Gallipoli campaign during the First World War.For ten years during the depression Churchill was denied cabinet office.Gallipoli CampaignWORLD WAR IIu World War II broke out in September 1939 when Germany marched into Poland.u Britain and France responded to the invasion of Poland by declaring war on Germany.n Chamberlain invited Churchill to become a member of his war cabinet.n He was national commander in chief.He supervised every aspect of the war effort.l Chamberlain resigned,and King George VI asked Churchill to be prime minister.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears,and sweat.War LeaderHe successfully secured military aid and moral support from the United States.He traveled endlessly during the war establishing close ties with leaders of other nations and coordinated a military strategy which subsequently ensured Hitlers defeat.Russia would still exert an immense and ultimately decisive force.uNever got into the upper school to study classics.Hobby:Painting and writing English essaysAtlantic Alliance In August 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt met for the first time during the war.When the United States entered the war in December 1941,Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to concentrate on defeating Hitler in Europe.World War II ended in 1945,first in Europe in May when the Germans surrendered to the Allied powers,and then in the Pacific in August.British general elections,postponed during the war,were held in July 1945.Churchill ran in the election as a Conservative.but the Labour Party gained a majority in Parliament because the British public opinion sought social and economic reforms that the Conservatives had resisted.Churchill retired as prime minister in deep disappointment.LATER YEARSHe delivered a series of speeches that encouraged the unity of Western Europe against the growing Communist threat.In 1946,in a speech at Fulton,Missouri,he defined the barrier thrown up by the USSR around the nations of eastern Europe as the iron curtain.He began to write his six-volume work,The Second World War(1948-1954),a comprehensive first-person account of his wartime statesmanship.In 1951 Churchills efforts to revitalize the Conservative Party were rewarded,and he again became prime minister.lIn 1953 Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Knighthood of the Garter,and he became Sir Winston Churchill.lIn the same year he won the Nobel Prize for literature for his historical and biographical works and for his oratory.l In November 1954,on Churchills 80th birthday,the House of Commons honored him on the eve of his retirement.l In April 1955 he resigned as prime minister but remained a member of the House of Commons.Churchill died peacefully at his town house in London,two months after his 90th birthday.Following a state funeral service that was attended by dozens of world leaders at Saint Pauls Cathedral,he was buried near Blenheim Palace.uHisworks,combiningpersonalperspectivewithgreathistoricalthemes,arewrittenwithgreatsweepandlucidity.uTheyincludetheWorldCrisis,anaccountofWWI;uthe2ndWorldWar;uandHistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeoples.statesmanliterary figurehistorianstylistoratorlife peer strategistMan of great capability and versatilityMan of great capability and versatilityQuotationsonWar:uNever,never,neverbelieveanywarwillbesmoothandeasy,orthatanyonewhoembarksonthestrangevoyagecanmeasurethetidesandhurricaneshewillencounter.Thestatesmanwhoyieldstowarfevermustrealizethatoncethesignalisgiven,heisnolongerthemasterofpolicybuttheslaveofunforeseeableanduncontrollableevents.uHistorywillbekindtomeforIintendtowriteit.uSir Winston ChurchilluOnedayPresidentRoosevelttoldmethathewasaskingpubliclyforsuggestionsaboutwhatthewarshouldbecalled.IsaidatonceTheUnnecessaryWar.Sir Winston Churchill,Second World War(1948)uOldermendeclarewar.Butitisyouththatmustfightanddie.Anditisyouthwhomustinheritthetribulation,thesorrow,andthetriumphsthataretheaftermathofwar.-Herbert Hoover,speech(1944)u“Tobepreparedforwarisoneofthemosteffectualmeansofpreservingpeace.”u-GeorgeWashingtonuInunityliesstrength.uUnited,westand;dividedwefall.u-LincolnuWehearwarcalledmurder.Itisnot:itissuicide.-RamsayMacDonald,quotedintheObserveruTofightandconquerinallourbattlesisnotsupremeexcellence;supremeexcellenceconsistsinbreakingtheenemysresistancewithoutfighting.Sun-Tzu,The Art Of War“不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也”。u“Warispeace;ignoranceisstrength;slaveryisfreedom.”GeorgeOrwell,1984uTheonlyexcuseforwaristhatwemayliveinpeaceunharmed.Cicero,De OfficiisSuggestedReadingListuTheWindsofWar1971uWarandRemembrance1977byHermanWoukuTheWorldCrisis(6vols,1923-31)uTheSecondWorldWar(6vols,1948-53)uHistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeoples(4vols,1956-58)byWinstonChurchillSomemoreimportantinformationinWWIIuuGodSavetheQueen(1749)GodSavetheQueen(1749)uuTheStar-SpangledBannerTheStar-SpangledBanner(1931)(1931)uuMarchoftheVolunteersMarchoftheVolunteersuuMunichPactMunichPactuuDominionsDominionsuuCommonwealthofNationsCommonwealthofNationsorBritishCommonwealthoforBritishCommonwealthofNationsNationsuuThe British EmpireThe British Empirebroadcastuadj.uabroadcastspeech;ulecture;umessage;uprogram;ustory;udiscontent.uv.utobroadcastaspeech;urumors;utomatoseedsubroadcastingstation;ubroadcastingstudio;surprise:attack,discover,capturesuddenly,unexpectedly,withoutwarninguWesurprisedtheenemywhiletheyweresleeping.uIsurprisedthethiefwhilehewasstilltryingtoopenthesafe.uTheysurprisedthesecretofhismurderouspastthroughastolenletter.uTakesb/sthbysurpriseuthetownwastakenbysurprise.uTheamountofthedonationtookuscompletelybysurprise.uThequestiontookDavidbysurprise.somelanguagepointsandusage.uawake,waken,wake,awaken:uThesewordsallrefertoemergingfromsleep,(causeto)stopsleeping.Inapplication,wakeandawakeareoftenusedintransitively;uwakenandawakenandwake upareoftenusedtransitively.uwake upcanbetransitiveaswellasintransitive.awake,waken,wake,awaken:u1.awake:awoke/awaked;awoken/awakedu2.wake:waked,woke/waked,woken,wokeu3.waken:wakenedu4.awaken:awakenedawake:(causeto)stopsleeping,wakefromsleepuSheawoketofindthestreetscoveredinsnow.uSheawokesuddenly.uMyscreamsawokemyparents.uAgreatnoiseawokethebaby.uHehasawoketothedanger.(becomeawareof)uhermindawoketothepossibilitiesofthenewinvasion.uThenoiseofthehurricanemightkeepyouwideawakeatnight.wake:(causeto)emergefromsleep;stopsleepinguShewokeupfeelingbetter.uWhattimedoyouusuallywakeup?uBearswakeupinthespringafterawinterofhibernation.uDontwakethebaby.uWhattimedoyouwanttobewaked?uHeneedssomeinteresttowakehimup.uItwakedmeuptothefacts.uWakeupandsmellthecoffee.waken:poetic/literarytermforwakeuPleasewakenmeat6am.uIwakened(up)earlyonthedayofourcommencementceremony.uIwaswakenedbytheirheroicstruggles.uInordertowakenthereadersinterest,thelibraryauthorityplannedtoarrangesomeauthorsofthenewlypublishedbookstodeliversomelecturesontheirworks.awaken:rousefromsleep;causetostopsleepinguAnnawasawakenedbythetelephone.uHesighedbutdidnotawaken.uThefilmhelpedtoawakenmanytothehorrorsoftheapartheid.uHissuspicionswereawakened.uWemustawakenthepeopletothedangersfacingourcountry.uHerpiercingwordsawakenedhimtoasenseofposition.uTheuniversitystudentshavebeenawakenedtotheimportanceofpolitics.newsuGoodnewsgoesoncrutches.uNewsfliesapace.Badnewstravelsquickly.uAliegetshalfwayaroundtheworldbeforethetruthhasachancetogetitspantson.Sir Winston ChurchilluThatisnonews.ubreakthenewsto(sb.)=tellsb.somebadnewsconviction:generallyimpliesthatapriordoubtexistedandnowhasbeenremovedbecauseonehasbeenconvincedorassuredofthetruth；averyfirmandsincerebeliefuIaminthefullconvictionthatourcauseisjust.u我完全相信我们的事业是正义的。uIhavethefirmestconvictionthatChineseFootballTeamwillbethenumberoneintheworld.u我极其坚定地相信中国足球队将成为世界第一。uFromthewayshespoke,youcouldtellshewasspeakingfromconviction.collocation:v.+convictionucherishtheuconfirmtheudeclarehisfirmudeepenonesuformtheunshakableuvoice/expressthecounton:relyon;dependon;expectwithconfidenceuWecountonyourhelp.uWecountonyoutohelp.uYoudbetternotcountonanincreaseinyoursalarythisyear.uHewascountingontheirsupport.uIcountonyourcomingnextSunday.enlist:winthesupportof,gainthehelporsympathyfrom赢得的支持、帮助、同情uHetriedtothecommunityinhisexperiment.uMaryedherfamilytoforcehimintomarriage.ualltheavailableresourcesutheparticipationofthestudentsucollaborationofhiswifeuonessympathy/help/supportuenlistin:thearmy,thecourseofworldpeace,theargumentuTheorganizationhasenlistedthesupportofmanyfamouspeopleinraisingmoneytohelphomelesschildren.betrueof:beinconformitywith;inaccordancewithrealityorfact符合于;对适用uThisistrueoftheruralareaaswellasoftheurbanarea.u这对农村和城市一样适用。uThatisnottrueofthepeopleIamtalkingabout.u那对我所说的人不适用。uThesameistrueofallothercases.u对于其它各例而言，也是如此。betrueto:accuratelyconformingto(astandardorexpectation);faithfultouThisentirelynewproductionremainstruetotheessenceofLorcasplay.uThisversionisatranslationtruetotheoriginal.uLeiFengwasalwaystruetohiswords.u*uholdtrue(for):suit,beeffectiveutruetolife:accuratelyrepresentingrealeventsorobjectsucroquetukroukei:uanoutdoorgame:woodenballsaredrivenbymalletsthroughaseriesofsquare-toppedhoopssetoutonalawnu槌球游戏ucroquetteukrouket:uasmallballorrollofvegetables,mincedmeat,orfish,friedinbreadcrumbsu油炸丸子,炸肉饼ucroquisukrouki:usketch,draftu草图,素描,速写revert(to):return(toaformerstate,condition,topic,etc.)uHerevertedtohisnativetongue.uHeignoredherwordsbyrevertingtotheformersubject.uItisimpossiblethatafishlikemammalwillactuallyreverttobeingatruefish.uAfterthesettlersleft,thenativesrevertedtotheirsavagecustoms.uThefieldshaverevertedtomoorland.uIfamandieswithoutanheir,pareu1.Revert(reversion):returnto(apreviousstate,practice,condition,topic,etc.);turnoneseyesorstepsback;uOnrevertingoureyes,everysteppresentedsomenewandadmirablescene.uHesstoppedtakingdrugsnow,buthemayreverttotakingthemagain.u2.Return(return):comeorgobacktoaplace/person;gobackto(ap.stateoractivity);divertonesattentionbacktosth.uWelookforwardtoyourreturnfromIndia.uImsorrytohearyouhaveareturnofthebronchialattack.uTheReturnoftheNativebyThomasHardyu3.recrudesce(recrudescence):recur;breakoutagain;uTherehasbeenarecrudescenceofstealinginthebigshops.utopreventtheofNazism,Fascismandmilitarismuofinfluenzaepidemicu4.recur(recurrence):occuragain,repeatedly,orperiodically;uLeapyearrecursevery4years.uEconomiccrisesrecurperiodicallyincapitalistsociety.uIshallrecurtothesubjectlateron.uThesceneoftenrecurstohismindvert:turnuintrovertu性格内向的人uextrovertu性格外向的人uextravertu好活动而不爱思想的人uinvertu颠倒uconvertu皈依usubvertu颠覆uavertu避免；防止upervertu性变态者udivertu转向；uovertu公开的ucovertu隐蔽的；arch-:chief;principal;out-and-out;ofthehighestrankorclassuarchbishopuarchdukeuarchangeluArchenemyuArchvillainuArchfienduArchfoeuTheadversaryanti-:against,hostileto,showingfeelingoropinionagainst,beingtheoppositeuanticlimaxuantiaircraftuantifreezeuantiseptic/bacteriauantislaveryuantiadministrationuantibody/gasmaskuantibioticsuanticlockwiseuantitrust/war/dumpinguanti-bombuant