考研高频核心词汇.pdf
考研阅读核心词汇一.词汇的形式上的微观区别第一级1.adherence 和 adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如:His adherence to the strict letterof the law.adhesion是指物质上的。2.adjacent,adjoining,和 contiguous这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。adjacent 毗邻的,邻近的”,但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adjoining和contiguous指相互接触,通常之间有一个edge或boundaryo3.admission 和 admittance它们都有the act of enteringn的意思。但admission用于公共场合。The price of admission to the gallery is5.admittance不指公共场合,一般指私人的住所。4.adopted 和 adoptiveadopted”收养的,过继的”an adopted son(daughter)养子(女);my adopted countryy我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语。adoptive”收养的”,我门说 adoptive parents,但很少说 adoptive child;“采用的”,“假冒的 an adoptive courage假充勇敢。5.averse 和 adverseadverse 不利的,反对的”,用于事,不用于人。adverse weatherconditions;an adverse reaction.averse 嫌恶的,反对的,不乐意的”,常 和“to”一起使用,而且用否定形式。6.advise 和 adviceadvise“劝告”(动词);advice“劝告”(名词)。7.affect 和 effectaffect 影 响 ,它的第二个意思是“假 装 ,Though she affectesindifference,I knew she was really very upset.effect n,“结果”,“效力”。“产生”,“导致”,它 比tocause,to bring out”更为正式。His aim was to effect a radical changein the party structure.8.all ready 和 alreadyall ready 意思是 completely prepared”already”已 经 。He had already had his lunch.9.altogether all togetheraltogether(in total)“总共”all together 意 思 是“in a group。如:We put the sheep all togetherin one field.这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep together in onefield.10.allude 和 eludeallude“暗指”,“暗示”,“(婉转)提到。elude(to avoid or escape)“闪避,躲 避 。如:to elude sib s grasp逃脱,没有被逮住;to elude the law规避法律。The meaning eludes me.那个意义我摸不透。11.illusion 和 delusionillusion 幻觉,错觉 be under no illusion about sth.对某事不存幻想。delusion 欺骗,迷惑”He suffers from the delusion that he,sattractive to women.他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。12.amended 和 emendamended(to alter or add to something)“订正,改正”,“修正(议案等)。an amended bill 修正案;amend one,s ways 改过自新。emend(to correct errors in)“校 订 。emend the text of a book 校勘某书;He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers.在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。13.amicable 和 amiable这两个词都是指“友好的”意思。amicable”友好的,亲切的”指行为或情景。The discussions wereamicable,though business 1 ike.讨论虽然是商业形式,但是友好的。amiable”可爱的,和蔼可亲的”Many people are afraid of him,thoughI found him to be perfectly amiable.虽然我发现他特别和蔼可亲,但还是有很多人害怕他。14.assent 和 ascentassent 可用作“agreement”“同意”或“agree”“同意”。ascent n.”上 升,晋 升 。the ascent of mountain 登山。15.avert 和 avoidavert 防止,避免”。avoid 回避,逃避 o avoid bad company 避免和坏人来往;I cannot avoidseeing him.我不能不见他。16.besides 和 besidebesides意 思 是“in addition to”“加之,还有,另外“;而beside 在.旁边”,“在.侧”。Duncan is the tall man standingbeside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。17.coherence 和 cohesioncoherence”统一,一致 性 ;cohesion”结合力,团结”。the cohesion ofmolecules分子的结合力。pare with#compare tocompare with 和.比起来”compare to 好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他 才 巴 月亮比成一个大银盘。19.impel 和 compelimpel 推 动,驱 使,激 励 。impel sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事;compel 强 迫,胁 迫,迫 使“。compel sb.to one,s will强迫人服从自己。plement 和 complimentcomplement 补足(物),补全”,“补足语”。compliment 恭维话,赞辞,敬意”;Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光临,不胜荣幸。21.confident 和 confidantconfident“深信,确信,自信”。confidant“心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom she can turnfor advice or help.她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。22.continual 和 continuouscontinual 连续,继续”;“频 繁 的 ;continual bouts of toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous“连续”(指从不间断的);We have had three weeks ofcontinuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。23.might 和 couldmight 表 明“possibility”。could 应该用来表明“permission”.Mum said we could(might)go to thefootball match.24 .council 和 counselcouncil 议事机构”,委员会;a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel 商议,劝 告 ;follow sbs counsel close 牢记某人忠告。25.creditable 和 crediblecreditable 声誉好的,可称许(赞扬)的;credible“可信的,可靠的“Hes the only one without a credible alibi(辩解,托辞),他是惟一一个没有可信托辞的人。26.decisive 和 decideddecisive“果断的,断 然 的 ;decisive measures断然的措施。decided”明确的,无 疑 的 ;a decided success明显的成功。27.defective 和 deficientdefective(having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient(lacking in what is needed)“不足的 ;be deficient in欠缺。28.definite 和 definitivedefinite(certain or clear,not vague)”明确的,一定的”。definitive(authoritative,that cannot be improved)”限定的,决定性的,最 后 的 ;definitive host 宿主;definitive organs 定形器官;definitive sentence 最后判决。29.dependant 和 dependentdependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。dependent adj.“依靠的,依 赖 的 ;Hes still dependent on statebenefit.The rate of relief is dependent on one,s income.30.discreet 和 discretediscreet”考虑周到的,慎重的”。discrete 分离的,分裂的“;On closer examination,we find that thepattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.31.distinctive 和 distinctdistinctive“有特色的”,“独特的”;distinct 清 楚 的,明 显 的 ;a distinct smell of alcohol on his breath;the distinctive stripes of the zebra.32.dual 和 dueldual“二重的 ;dual personality 双重人格;dual control 双重管辖;duel 决 斗,竞争 ;fight a duel with sb.与某人决斗;challenge sb.toa duel向某人提出决斗;a duel of wits斗智33.eatable 和 edibleeatable a.“可食用的,可吃的”;n.“食物、食品”。edible a.适合食用的,可以吃的”;n.“食品”。在指吃的时候二者可通用:The toast was burnt and barely eatable/edible.但在其他情况下不一样。If something is eatable,it may be eaten(though it may not be safeor desirable to do so);but,if something is edible it is safe to eat.34.economical 和 economiceconomic”经济学的,经济上的“an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查;an economic blockade经济封锁;economical”节俭的,经济的“;Hes had to learn to be more economical now that his only incomeis a small pension.35.evoke 和 invokeevoke 唤起,引起 ;evoke admiration 引起羡慕。invoke 祈求(神灵)保佑,乞 灵 于 ,行使(法权);The shaman invokes thespirits of their ancestors.If our case fails in the national courts wewill invoke the E uropean Declaration on Human R ights.36.fatal 和 fatefulfatal“causing death or disaster“致命的“;a fatal disease 不治之症;a fatal wound致命伤。fateful”crucial,significant,deciding ones fate”“重大的”,“决 定 性 的,决 定 命 运 的 ;On that one fateful day in October,millionsof pounds were wiped off the value of shares.37.fictional 和 fictitiousfictional“虚构的,小说的”。fictitious”虚构的,编造的”(denotes something that is not real andhas been created with the intention of deceiving others);He gave thepolice a fictitious name.38.historical 和 historich i s t o r i c al ”有关历史的,“历 史 的,t he his t o r ic al p e r io d 历史阶段;his t o r ic al p e r s o n age 历史人物。his t o r ic “历史上有名的,有历史意义的,his t o r ic t o w n历史名城。3 9.im p as s abl e 和 im p as s ibl e im p as s abl e “不能通行的”,“不可逾越的 ;an im p as s abl e s w am不能通行的沼泽地。im p as s ibl e ”不感疼痛的;无 动 于 衷 的;an im p as s ibl e Go d无动于衷的神。4 0.in f e r 和 im p l yin f e r 猜想,臆测 ,“推 断;in f e r a m o t iv e f r o m an e f f e c t 从效果推知动机。im p l y 含有.的意思”;D o y o u r e al ize w hat his w o r d s im p l y?你领会他说话的含意吗?I d o n o t im p l y t hat y o u ar e w r o n g.我的意思不是说你错T o4 1.im p r ac t ic al 和 im p r ac t ic abl e (n o t s e n s ibl e o r e f f ic ie n t o r n o tac t u al l y p o s s ibl e)”不切实际的,不现实的”。im p r ac t ic abl e (n o t abl e t o be d o n e o r u s e d)”不能实行的,行不通的”;W it h a r iv e r o n o n e s id e an d a s t e e p d r o p o n t he o t he r,it is im p r ac t ic abl et o w id e n t he r o ad.4 2.in c r e d ibl e 和 in c r e d u l o u sin c r e d ibl e ”不可相信的,难以置信的;in c r e d ibl e e n e r gy惊人的能量,精力。in c r e d u l o u s 不 相 信 的,表 示 怀 疑 的;be in c r e d u l o u s o f he ar s ay 不相信道听途说;an in c r e d u l o u s l o o k怀疑的目光。4 3.in ge n io u s 和 in ge n u o u sin ge n io u s ”机灵的”;an in ge n io u s m in d 机灵的头脑;an in ge n io u sm ac hin e精巧的机器。in ge n u o u s 直率的,坦白的”。4 4.in t e n s e 和 in t e n s iv ein t e n s e 激烈的,强烈的”,“紧张的 an in t e n s e l ight强烈的灯光;in t e n s e he at酷热;an in t e n s e l if e奋发图强的生活。in t e n s iv e ”加强的,集 中 的;“深入细致的,彻 底 的;an in t e n s iv ebo m bar d m e n t 密集炮击;an in t e n s iv e s t u d y 彻底的研究;an in t e n s iv e r e ad in g精读(e x t e n s iv e r e ad in g 泛读)。4 5.j u n c t io n 和 j u n c t u r ej u n c t io n ”接 合,连 接,(河流的)汇合处”;m ak e a j u n c t io n取得联络,连接起来j u n c t io n bo x接线盒。j u n c t u r e (a p ar t ic u l ar p o in t in t im e o r in a s e q u e n c e o f e v e n t s)”接合,连接“,“时机,关头”;an im p o r t an t j u n c t u r e in a m an,s c ar e e r A生历程中的重要关头;at t his j u n c t u r e在这个时候;in t he p r e s e n t c r it ic alj u n c t u r e o f t hin gs在目前这一危急关头下。4 6.ap t 和 p r o n e它们都具有ut e n d in g t o o r in t he habit o f”的意思,但 是p r o n e只用于人。E l d e r l y p e o p l e ar e p r o n e t o f al l s,o f t e n be c au s e o f ar t hr it ic j o in t so r d izzin e s s.4 7.loose 和 loseloose 松 的,宽 的”。lose 丢 失;lose one,s balance 失去平衡,跌倒;lose ones head 被搞糊涂。4 8.luxuriant 和 luxuriousluxuriant(growing strongly or vigorously;abundant,prolific)”繁茂的;多产的;丰富的“;His luxuriant beard was red.luxurious“豪华的,奢侈的”;a luxurious table奢侈的饭菜。4 9.magical 和 magic它们都和magic有 关 系,但 是magical也 有“wonderful,entrancing”的意思。50.masterly masterful(showing great skill or the skill of amaster)“熟练的;名家的”。masterful(showing power or authority)”主人派头的,专横的”;Youre so strong and masterful.51.obsolete 和 obsolescentobsolete(no longer in use or already out of date)”已废弃的,已不用的“;an obsolete vessel 废舰;an obsolete word 已废的词。obsolescent(going out of use or becoming out of date)“逐渐被废弃的,快 要 不 用 的;Do you think that faxes are obsolescent?52.officious 和 officialofficious“爱管闲事的”,“非正 式 的;an officious statement 非正式声明。official”官方的”,“公 务 上 的 ;an official gazette官方通报;an official letter 公函,公文;an official record 正式记录53.peaceable peaceful,peaceable(peace loving,mild,placid,notinclined to quarrel or fight or existing in peace)“平和的”;“温和的”;“温 顺 的 。peaceful”和平的,太平的”;“宁静的”;“爱好和平的”;apeaceful night,s sleep;peaceful coexistence 和平共处;peaceful uses ofatomic energy原子能的和平应用。第二级快速记忆historic-historicalhistoric:famous in history,历史上著名的historical:belong to history 历史上的electric-electricalelectrical:worked by,changed with,用电的,带电的,有电的 current/cableelectrical:engineering/apparatuseconomic 与 economicaleconomic:of economics policy/geography/crisis/cropseconomical:careful in the spending of money 经济的,节俭的an housewife/store industrial-industriousindustrial:of industries 工业的the revolution/products/systemindustrious:hard-working 努力的 peopleconsiderable与considerateconsiderable:great much 相 当 多(大)的a income/distanceconsiderate:thoughtful 体谅的,She is to others.sensible与 sensitivesensible:reasonable,实用的,明知的a woman/idea/豁达的妇女/明知的观点 clothes实用的衣服sensitive:quick to receive 敏感的a skin paper 感光纸continual 与 continuouscontinual:going on all the time without stoppingrepeatedly,连续的,断断续续的 rain/noisecontinuous:going on without a break,连续不断的 fight/work intense 与 intensiveintense:high in degree强烈的,剧烈的,高度的 heat炽热/paina n lady热情的女子intensive:deep and thorough 精深的,集中的 reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业respectable respective与respectfulrespectable:deserving respect,值得尊敬的,有名望的a man/professionrespectful:showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,He is always to the elders.respective:belongs to each of these 分别的,各自的They sat on their chairs.imaginable、imaginary-imaginativeimaginable:that can be imagined 可想象的 difficultiesimaginary:existing only in the mind,unreal 想象中的,不真实的 figureimaginative:of,having,using imagination 有想象力的,运用想象力的a writer intelligent intelligible-intellectualintelligent:having,showing intelligence,clever 有才智的,聪明的an looking girl answerintelligible:clear to mind,that can be easily understood.易了解的,易领悟的an speech/explanationintellectual:possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的,智力的contemptible与contemptuouscontemptible:deserving contempt 可卑的a liecontemptuous:showing contempt 表示轻视的a lookcredible credulous与creditablecredible:that can be believed 可信的,可靠的a witnesscredulous:too ready to believe things.轻易相信的,易上当的He always cheats people.creditable:that brings credit.可称赞的a record/deed/effortal ternate-/al ternativealternate:changing by turns 轮流的,交替的alternative:giving a choice between two things 选择的,两者选的comparable与comparativecomparable可比较的,有类似之处的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West parative比较而言的,相当的He lived in comparative comfort recently.politic与 politicalpolitic精明的 political政治的beneficial 与 beneficentbeneficial有益的 beneficent多多行善的off icial 与 officiousofficial官方的 officious多管闲事的pot ent 与 potentialpotent强有力的 potential潜在的,可能的conf ident-fe/conf i dent i alconfident有信心的,自信的 confidential机密的negligent 与 negligiblenegligent忽视的,粗心大意的 negligible可忽视的momentary-/momentousmomentary瞬时的,短时的 momentous重大的memorable 与 memorialmemorable值得记忆的,不能忘却的 memorial纪念的social 与 sociablesocial社会的 sociable善社交的chi Idish-childlikechildish幼稚的 childlike孩子般的d i s t i n c t 与 d i s t i n c t i v ed i s t i n c t:c l e a r 明显的,清晰的的,有区别的d i s t i n c t i v e:c h a r a c t e r i s t i c 独特c l a s s i c 与 c l a s s i c a lc l a s s i c 一流的c l a s s i c a l 古典的c o m p r e h e n s i b l e 与c o m p r e h e n s i v ec o m p r e h e n s i b l e 可理解的 c o m p r e h e n s i v e 全面的,综合的d i s i n t e r e s t e d 与u n i n t e r e s t e dd i s i n t e r e s t e d 公平的 u n i n t e r e s t e d 冷淡的e a r t h l y 与 e a r t h ye a r t h l y 人间的,尘世的 e a r t h y 泥土似的e x c e p t i o n a b l e-f e/e x c e p t i o n a b l ee x c e p t i o n a b l e 反对的 e x c e p t i o n a b l e 非凡的f a t a l 与 f a t e f u lf a t a l 致命的 f a t e f u l 决定性的f l e s h l y 与 f l e s h yf l e s h l y 肉体的 f l e s h y 肥胖的h o m e l y 与 h o m e l i k eh o m e l y 家常的 h o m e l i k e 像家的 i m(u n)p r a c t i c a l 与 i m p r a c t i c a b l ei m(u n)p r a c t i c a l 不切合实际的 i m p r a c t i c a b l e 无法使用的 i n g e n i o u s 与 i n g e n u o u si n g e n i o u s 有独创性的m a n l y m a s c u l i n e 与m a l em a n l y 男人气派的 m a l em o v a b 1 e 与m o b i l em o v a b l e 可移动的,变动的m y s t e r i o u s 与 m y s t i c a lm y s t e r i o u s 神秘的n o t a b l e 与 n o t e dn o t a b l e 著名的(指事)p r a c t i c a l-p r a c t i c a b l ei n g e n u o u s 直率的,男的 m a s c u l i n ep r a c t i c a l 实际的天真的男性的m o b i l e 可动的,活动地m y s t i c a l 奥妙的n o t e d 著 名 的(指人)p r a c t i c a b l e 可行的,通行的r e g r e t f u l-r e g r e t t a b l er e g r e t f u l 遗 憾 的(指 人)s e a s o n a b l e 与 s e a s o n a ls e a s o n a b l e 及时的s p i r i t u a l-s p i r i t u o u ss p i r i t u a l 精神的 t o r t u o u s 与 t o r t u r o u st o r t u o u s 弯曲的t r a n s i t o r y-t r a n s i e n tr e g r e t t a b l e 遗憾的s e a s o n a l 季节的s p i r i t u o u s 酒精的t o r t u r o u s 受刑的(指事)t r a n s i t o r y 短 时 间 的(指事)t r a n s i e n t 瞬 时 的(指人)e l e m e n t a r y 与e l e m e n t a le l e m e n t a r y 基本的 e l e m e n t a l 自然的h e a l t h y 与 h e a l t h f u lh e a l t h y 健康的 h e a l t h f u l 有易于健康的 l i k e l y 与 l i k a b l el i k e l y 可能的 l i k a b l e 可爱的d e s i r a b l e 与d e s i r o u sd e s i r a b l e 合意的c l e a n 与 c l e a n l yc l e a n 干净的k i n d 与 k i n d l yk i n d 慈善地d e s i r o u s 渴望的c l e a n l y 有干净习惯的k i n d l y 友好的,亲切的 t e m p o r a l 与 t e m p o r a r yt e m p o r a l 一时的,暂时的,世俗的 t e m p o r a r y 暂时的,临时的第三级高速记忆conscientious凭良心的;谨慎的;尽责的conscious 有意识的;神志清醒的council 政务会;理事会;委员会;顾问班子counsel 劝告;忠告;建议critic批评家,评论家;鉴定家critical苛求的;批判性的d y in g 快结束的;快熄灭的;快消灭的dyeing染色;染色法;染业em igrant移居的;移民的,侨居的immigrant(从外国)移来的,移民的,侨民的em pire帝权;绝对统治(over)em pirical以经验为根据的,经验主义的evident”容易知道或发现,无须解释或证明的”evidence明显,显著,明白,迹象,根据fab ric织物,纺织品;结构fabricate捏造,伪造facilitate使容易;使便利facility灵巧,熟练fa ta l致命的;毁灭性的fatefu l命运注定的,重大的;决定性的feel感觉,觉得,感知f e l l 砍伐(树等);击,打倒;(疾病)致 于死地fraction小部分,零头,片断,碎片,一些,一点儿,几分之一fracture破裂,断裂fiction虚构的文学作品;小 说,编造;虚构;想象friction摩擦,摩擦力,矛盾,冲突,不和front前面,前部frontier一国的边疆;边界,边境graceful优美的;雅致的,得体的;适度的,合度的gracious亲切的;和蔼的;慈祥的harness开发,治理;控制hardness坚固,硬度冷酷无情host作东,作为主人招待hostage人质,抵押(品”质物identical同一的;同样的identity完全相同;绝对相同implication卷入,牵连implicit暗含的;含蓄的inherent固 特、常、原 有的,本来的,先天的,内在的inherit vt.继承