中考英语复习词汇2.pdf

中考英语复习词汇在校考试-中考英语中考英语复习词汇一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词；2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）；3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive-driver,use-useful；4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；5、理解词类转化，例如：water（n.）-w ater（v.）二、词汇考查点分项说明：1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词）。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上,了解其词类（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。2）针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但 搬 无 难 题，基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现过。请看以下几道例题：1.Shanghai is a large c_t_in China.2.Adam often helps me a lot.He is my best f _nd.3.I cant carry the box.Its too h_v4.The man is very poor.He had no m _n to buy food.5.How often do you play football?Tw_a week.6.My grandparents like growing flowers.They w _t_the flowers everyday.7.Summer is the hottest s_son in the year.8.Can you sp.the word?Yos.T-A-B-L-E,table.9.He was so excited that he couldnt f _l asleep last night.10.Everyone had a good time at the party.It was a p_ s _ evening.(Key 1.city 2.friend 3.heavy 4.money 5.twice 6.water 7.season 8.spell 9.fall 10.pleasant)3)了 解 英文的词类：英 语 中 的 单 词 根 据 词 义、句 法 作 用 和 形 式 特 征 所 作 的 分 类。共 有 十 类：名 词、代 词、数 词、冠 词、形 容 词、副 词、动 词、介 词、连 词、感 叹 词。词类英 语 名 称（简 称）意义例 词名词Nouns(n.)表 示 人、事 物 时 间、地点或抽象概念的名称Johnroom冠词Articles(art.)用 于 名 词 之 前，帮助说明名词的含义a anthe数词Numerals(num.)表示数量或顺序ninefirst代词Pronouns(pron.)代 替 名 词、数词以避免重复themeverything形容词Adjectives(adj.)表示人或事物的属性或特征goodinteresting副词Adverbs(adv.)修 饰 动 词、形 容 词、其 它 副 词 或 全 句，表示行为特征或性状特征almostbravely动词Verbs(u.)表 示 动 作、状态或性质standbe介词Prepositions(prep)用于名词或代词之前，表 示 名 词、代词与其它词之间的nearfrom关系连词Conjunction(conj.)连接单词、短语、从句或句子andbut感叹词lnterjection(/7?te/7.)表示说话时的语气或感情hellooh在上述的十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义,可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分,通常作独立成分。2、了解构词法的基本知识在英语中，一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系，把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法。构词的方法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。1）派生法在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀，从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。1.常用前缀前缀意义例词un-不unknown未知的unhappy不高兴的dis-不，否定dislike不喜欢discover 发现re-再，重复retell复述mid-中mid-night 半夜mid-term 期中mis-误会misunderstand 误会bi-双bicycle自行车il-不，非illegal非法的in-不，非informal非正式的im-不，非impossible 不可能的ir-不，非irregular不规则的inter-间，相互international 国际的tele-远telephone 电话2.常用后缀后缀意义例词-er动作者，人teacher 教师-or动作者，人visitor 参观-ian人musician音乐家-ess女性actress女演员-ese人，语言Chinese中国人，汉语-ese（地方、人）的Japanese 日本（人）的-hood身份、状态childhood 童年-ity（抽象名词）ability 能力-th过程，结果death死亡-ness状态、性质happiness 快乐（二）转化法-ship状态、身份friendship 友谊-tion动作、状态action行为-ure动作、结果pleasure 快乐-an（地方、人）的Canadian加 拿大人（的）-ed有，像talented有才华的-en的wooden木制的-ern（表示方向）southern南方的-ful充满meaningful 有意义的-less不、无useless没用的-iy地carefully细心地-en使变得weaken 削弱、（使）变弱-fy使化satisfy（使）满意-ize,-ise使化modernize（使）现代化-teen十几thirteen 十三-ty几十thirty三十-th第ninth第九转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形，而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有密切的联系。May I have a/o o k?我可以看一看吗？（动词转化为名词）Let him have a try.让他试试。（动词转化为名词）Can we book the tickets ahead?我们能提前定票吗？（名词转化为动词）The hall can seaf thousands of people.大厅能坐数千人。（名词转化为动词）She had to busy herself with housework.她不得不忙于家务活。（形容词转化成动词）Youd better empty Vne bottle firs t.你最好把瓶子先倒空。（名词转化为动词）Its necessary to know the difference between right and wrong.有必要知道对错之间的区别。（形容词转化成名词）They often help the poor.他们经常帮助穷人。（形容词转化成名词）We began to drive north.我们开始向北行驶。（名词转化成副词）There were lots of ups and downs in his life.他的一生中有许多的起起落落。（副词转化成名词）（三）合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词，这种构词法成为合成法。1.合成形容词He is a white-collar cer This,that,these those 的 用 法：This（these）常 用 来 指 在 时 间 或 空 间 上 较 近 的 事 物，these是this的 复 数 形 式；that（those）常 指 在 时 间 或 空 间 上 较 远 的 事 物，those是that的 复 数 形 式。2、such和same的用法:such常在句中作主语、定语和表语，表示“这样。same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为“同样的，same前必须加定冠词the。I have never seen such a good place.我从未见过这么好的地方。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。We are in the same factory.我们在同一家工厂。Ill do the same as you.我将与你做同样的事情。（五）疑问代词的基本用法：疑问代词是指5个wh,：who（谁），whose（谁的）,whom（谁），what（什么），which 明E个）1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语。在口语中，常 用who代 替whom,但是若前面有介词，还是用whom.Who is the girl in red?那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁？Whom are you waiting for?你们在等谁？With whom did they play basketball?他们和谁一起打篮球？2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制，如：Which do you prefer,orange juice or coke?橘汁和可乐，你喜欢哪个？Which of them come from Canada?他们中谁来自加拿大？What do you like to do in your spare time?你在业余时间都做什么?四、冠词考察点分项说明：在英语中，有一类词是汉语中没有的，那就是冠词。冠词常位于名词之前，用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义。冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须与名词连用，置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词（a,an）与 冠 词（the）两种。而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。（一）、不定冠词不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或“一类。”1、a用于以辅音“音萦 开头的单数可数名词前。2、在月份、星 期 及morning,afternoon,evening,night,day等名词前有修饰词时,一律用a。Smith arrived in Beijing on a rainy day.史密斯在一个下雨天到达了北京。He died in a cold February.他死于寒冷的二月。3、不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前。如：an apple,an hour,an honest boy,an English car.注意：a useful dictionary(二)定冠词定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个“、“这些”、“那些”。定冠词的常见用法有：1、用来指独一无二的物体：The sun rose at six oclock.太阳在六点升起。2、用于再次提及的名词前。There is a cow under the tree.The cow is yellow.树下有一头牛，牛是黄色的。3、用来指说话者双方心目中都知道的特定的人或事物。This is the book you wanted.这就是你要的那本书。4、用于单数可数名词前，泛指一类。The horse is an animal.马是动物。5、用于序数词前、表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best,in the south 等6、在复数姓氏前加th e,表示xx一家人，常看成复数。如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.布朗一家人今年夏天将要去上海渡假。五、巩固练习(-)选择填空1.Does Mr.Brown like Chinese.A.food B.foods C.any food D.some food2.There.a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.A.is B.are C.has D.have3.The old man has two_.A.son-in-law B.sons-in-lawC.son-in-laws D.sons-in-laws4.We should keep.clean.A.toothes B.tooths C.our tooths D.our teeth5.Lucy has been to_many times this year.A.his uncle B.his uncles C.uncles D.her uncles6.didnt visit the farm.A.One of the boy B.One of the boysC.One of boy D.One of boys7.No news_good news.A.is B.seems C.are D.has8.This is_table.A.his teachers Marys B.his teacher,MarysC.his teachers Mary D.his teacher,Mary9.After climbing 2 hours,we had_rest.A.a few minutes B.few minutesC.a few minutes D.few minutes10.These are my.A.box B.a box C.boxes D.the boxes（二）、用适当的代词填空1.My father did not want_of the two shirts and asked to be shown,.2._is Tom like?Oh,hes short and fat.3.Her parents are_workers.Her classmates are.from peasants families.4.Mother told the boys,“Please help.to some fruit.5.All these are fine books.You can read_of them.6.They are learning from_.7.Lucy dances better than_girl in the school.Jim jumps higher than.boys in his class.8.He lent me a few books,but.of them is easy enough for me.He lent me a few books,and of them are easy enough for me.二、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“X”表示）1.by_train.2.Huanghe River3.for_while4.go out for_walk5.at.foot of6.haif.hour7.Mr.Smith came here just now8.There is_old man in the village._Old man is seventy.9.earth turns round_sun.1 0.We often havejunch at home.1 1.I wish you_happy life.1 2.harder you study,.better you get the marks.1 3.man with_book in his hand is our new class teacher.1 4.It was raining again!What_day!1 5.Who is going to take_place of Mr.Smith next term?六、巩固练习参考答案（-）选择填空1 A 2A 3 B 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.C（二）、用适当的代词填空1.either,another2.what3.both;all4.yourselves5.any6.each other7.any other;any of the other8.none,all（三）、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“X”表示）1.x 2.the 3.a 4.a 5.the6.an 7.A 8.an,The 9.The,the 10.x11.a 12.The,the 13.The,a 14.a 15.the中考复习系列三数词、形容词和副词一、中考对数词和形容词知识要求：中考对数词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握1-100的基数词和序数词的构成及其主要用法；2、掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式及其与之相应的介词搭配；3、掌握日常交际活动中涉及到的数字的表达方法；4、了解数词的某些特殊用法。中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握比较级和最高级的一般构成规则；2、掌握比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式；3、掌握比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法；4、掌握形容词做表语和定语的用法；5、掌握常用副词在句中的位置，并了解其意义。二、数词考察点分项说明：数词分为基数词和序数词两类，表示数量多少的数词是基数词，如。ne（）,two（二），seven（七）等，表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词，如the first（第一），thesecond（第二），the seventh（第七）。在对数词进行复习的时候，同学们首先要会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的时间表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题。（一）、序数词一般由基数词加-th构成，100以内的基本的序数词如下：（二）、序数词的构成及用法：1、以下儿个序数词较为特殊：s t（第一）second（第二）third（第三）fifth（第五）eighth（第八）ninth（第九）twe什 th（第十二）2、以-ty结尾的基数词变为序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数的基数词尾的-ty变成-ti,然后再加-eth.如：twenty twentieth（第二十）eighty eightieth（第八十）3、基数词“几十几”变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位不变。如：thirty-tw。thirty-second（第三十二）seventy-five seventy-fifth（第七十五）4、序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：fifth5th second2nd5、序数词前通常要用定冠词the。6、hundred,thousand,million,billion等词在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式，前面不能加具体的数字。如:three hundred seats三百个座位hundreds o f数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands o f数以千计的，成千上万的millions o f数百万的billions of数十亿的（三）与数词有关的时间表达法：1、钟点表示法：顺读法如：1:15 one fifteen 3:30 three thirty 倒读法（用 past/to表示）如：1:15 a quarter past one3:30 half past three7:56 four to eight表示钟点只用基数词，并且钟点前用介词at。2、日期表示法：英语中日期的排列顺序是：星期、月、日、年如：2003年3月17日，星期一Monday,March the 17th,2003.在具体某一天前用介词on3、世纪、年代表示法(在)90 年代(in)the nineties(在)19 世纪(in)the nineteenth century(在)18 世纪 30 年 代(in)1730s 或 1730s(四)、基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起，构成复合形容词，修饰名词。如：a twelve-year-old boy 一个十二岁的男孩 a five-mile race 一次五英里的赛跑三、形容词和副词考察点分项说明：形容词用于修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词，又可修饰形容词，其它副词，甚至整个句子。(-)形容词和副词级的变化：大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级:比较级:比 较，更一些最局级:最 1、,般构成规律：词的特征变 化例 词原 级比较级最高级一般单音节词直接加-er,-ststronghighstrongerhigherstrongesthighest以e 结尾的词力 口-r,-stwidenicewidernicerwidestnicest以单个辅音字母（非 r）结尾的单音节词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estfatthinfatterthinnerfattestthinnest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词变y为i,再 力 n-er,-estheavyhappyheavierhappierheaviesthappiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词直接加-er;-stclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest多数双音节词多音节词和源于分词的形容词在原级前加more,moststupiddifficulttiredmorestupidmoredifficultmore tiredmoststupidmostdifficultmost tired2、常见的不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good wellbetterbestbad badly illworseworstmany muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldest3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法：原级的用法：肯定句型：as+形容词（副词）原 级+as.意思是“与一样”The boy is as clever as his brother.这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。Lucy writes as carefully as Lily.露茜写得和莉莉样认真。否定句型：not so/as+形容词（副词）原 级+as.意思是 不如.Monkeys are not as strong as elephants.猴子不如大象强壮。He is not so good a man as you.他没有你好。比较级的用法：1、比较级+thanPeter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。The car is more beautiful than that one.这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。2、形容词比较级前可用 much,even,still,any,far,four times,a little 等修饰。Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。The room is a little brighter than that one.这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。3、比较级+and+比较级意思是“越来越”It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越就越The harder you study,the faster you make progress.你学习越努力，进步就越快。5、比较级+thananyother+单数名词.意思是“比其它的任何一个都更”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）He is more stupid than any other student in his cla ss.在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。She is taller than any other girl in the team.她比队里的其余任何一 个 女 孩都要高。最高级的用法：1 有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in,of,among或用从句修饰的句子中。This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。2、序数词+最高级+名词表示“第儿个最的”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。The park is the third largest one in Beijing.这个公园是北京第三大公园。3、one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示是最.之一America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之0One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。4、形容词最高级前一定要用th e,而副词最高级前可省略。The elephant is the heaviest in the zoo.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。She came（the）earliest of all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。（二）、常用副词在句中的位置：1、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。They met in China last year.他们去年在中国见面了。Its raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大。The students are reading English loudly.学生们在大声朗读英语。2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。Last year they met in China.3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。She is on her way home.她正在回家的路上。4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：（1）实义动词之前：I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。（2）be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后Mr.Green is always busy.格林先生直很忙。I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。四、巩固练习一、单项选择1 ._of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A.Two-third B.Second-thirdC.Two-thirds D.Second-thirds2.Where are they going to have the meeting?In_.A.204 Room B.Room 204C.the room 204 D.the Room 2043.What is the time?Its_(4:25).A.four twenty-five B.four past twenty-fiveC.twenty-five to four D.four twenty five4.Please give us_.A.two glasses of waters B.two glass of waterC.two glasses water D.two glasses of water5.Light is.faster than an ordinary plane.A.two million time B.millions of timeC.three millions times D.millions of times6.There are_seasons in a year.The_season is spring.A.four,one B.fourth,first C.fourth,one D.four,first7.She has a baby.A.ten-months-old B.ten months-oldC.ten-months-olds D.ten-month-old8.It took them_to finish the work last year.A.two and a half months B.two month and a halfC.a half and two months D.two months and half9.Whats the date today?Its_.A.July five B.July the fiveC.July fifty D.July the fifth10.There arejn the room.A.four box of oranges B.four boxes of orangeC.four box oranges D.four boxes of oranges11.1 dont feel very_today.A.good B.better C.nice D.well12.He didnt go there with me,she didnt.A.too B.either C.neither D.also13.Our hall is_theirs.A.twice as large as B.twice so large asC.as twice large as D.twice more than14.John didjn the exam,Tom did even,.A.bad,worse B.more bad,more worseC.badly,worst D.badly,worse15.Your mother wont be angry with you,will she?I hope_.A.so B.it C.not D.no16.The villagers had_rain this year than last year.A.less B.least C.little D.lesser17.She is.than Mary.A.older two years B.old two yearsC.two years old D.two years older18.He says that he will pay a_price for the house.A.tall B.taller C.high D.highest19.They have held three meetings this week_.A.alone B.lonely C.ever D.just20.How_do you go to the South Lake?A.often B.long C.soon D.fast21.This is really a.news.A.surpring B.surprised C.be surprised D.surprise22.Dont make noise.Please keep_.A.quite B.quietly C.quiet D.more quietly23.He boughtjrom a shop.A.an old black wood round table B.a round old black wood tableC.an old round black wood table D.a round black wood old table24._arent so happy as_.A.The rich/poor B.Rich/the poorC.Rich/poor D.The rich/the poor25.Can you finish the work with_money and_people?A.less.less B.little.fewC.fewer.fewer D.less.fewer26.Do you have.money to buy the colour TV set?A.a little B.few C.enough D.many27.I like_green but Li Lei prefers_blue.A.shallow,deep B.think,thickC.light,dark D.white,black28.See you_.See you.A.late B.later C.latest D.last29.He spokejast that we could_understand him.A.too,not hardly B.so,not hardlyC.too,hardly D.so,hardly30.I didnt go_,I went.A.anywhere,upstairs B.nowhere,to upstairsC.to somewhere,upstairs D.to anywhere,upstairs二、改 错(下列各句中有一处有误，请找出错误处，将其序号填入题前括号内并改正。)()1.He doesnt feel like anythinq.Please give him delicious somethin。to eat.A B C D()2.I found a quite big mouse in the kitchen the day before yesterday.A B C D()3.He plans to stay here for another more week.ABC D()4.Paris is the most beautiful than any other city in the world.A BCD()5.Is it more difficult to learn Chinese than learning Japanese?A B C D()6.Her older brother is two years older than she.ABC D()7.The population of Henan is larqer than Hunan.A B C D()8.Tom aot here earlier about ten minutes them his brother.A B CD()9.ITn taller of the two boys.A B C D()1 0.Are your trousers so new as hers?A B C D五、巩固练习答案一、单项选择1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D5.D6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.D11.D 12.B13.A14.D15.C16.A 17.D18.C19.A20.A21.A 22.C23.C24.D25.D26.C 27.C28.B29.D30.A二、改错1.C,改为 something delicious2.B,改为 quite a 或者 a very3.D,改为 one more week 或者 another week4.A,改为 more5.D,改为 to learn6.A,改为 Her elder brother7.D,改为 than that of Hunan8.B,改为 about ten minutes earlier9.B,改为 the taller10.C,改为 as中考复习系列四动词（上）一、中考对动词的知识要求：中考对动词的考查主要集中