中考阅读理解专题训练.pdf

中考英语阅读理解专题训练做阅读理解的五点注意一、五点注意注意一：试题各小题所提供的四个备选项，有的是语法、结构上有错误，有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误的先排除，再考虑是否符合短文内容。注意二：对短文中的生词或看不懂的句子，应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进行猜测,尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义的选择试题，要根据文章所阐述的主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系，大胆分析推断，去伪存真选出正确答案。注意三：对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可统观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，如结合已学过的自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者的思路进行推理，从而且推断出正确答案。注意四：做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，把握性就更大。注意五：阅读的顺序-一般是先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将测试题目通览一遍，然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关的段落、句子反应敏感,而对其他与答题无关的部分可以不必花费太多时间，阅读速度就可加快些。二、实例分析(共五篇，答案均有解析)(A)Henry was an office worker in a big city.He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.He usually went to the seaside,but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper.”Enjoy country life.Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm.Good food.Fresh air.Horse riding.Walking.Fishing.Cheap and interesting.This sounds a good idea/he thought.t4ril spend a month at West Hill Farm.I think I can enjoy horse riding,walking and fishing.Theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.He wrote to the farmer.In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of Julythere.Then on the first of July,he left for West Hill Farm.But four days later,he returned home.“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?”his best friend,Ed,asked him.Didnt youenjoy country life?”Country life was very good,Henry said.But there was another problem.n“Oh.What?”“Well,“he said,“the first day I was there a sheep died,and we had roast mutton for dinner.”“Whats wrong with that?”Ed asked.4Fresh meat is the best.”“I know,but on the second day a cow died,and we had roast beef for dinner.“Lucky you!”“You dont understand/Henry said,“on the third day a pig died and we had roastpork for dinner.“A different meat every day,“Ed said loudly,“and you are complaining!“Let me finish,Henry said,“on the fourth day the farmer died,and I didnt dare(敢)stay for dinner!”1.How did Henry find out about the farm?A.He saw it in a newspaper advertisement.B.His best friend told him.C.He wrote to the farmer.D.Maybe he learned it from the radio.2.Henry came back home several days later because.A.he didnt like the country life at allB.the farmer wasnt friendly to himC.his holiday was overD.he thought he might have to eat the farmer3.”.and you are complaining!,the word“complain“means.A.夸奖 B.说三道四 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虚4.Which of the following sentences is true?A.Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.B.Henry thought he could enjoy a change.C.Henry couldnt think of anything else to do,so he went to the farm.D.The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.5.Which is the best title for the passage?A.What a beautiful farm!B.Have a good time.C.A short holiday D.Henry and the farmer.(B)Paragraph 1Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of people need.They say that there areseveral kinds of food that people should eat every day,they are:(1)green and yellow vegetables of all kinds;(2)citrus(柑桔)fruits and tomatoes;(3)potatoes and other fruits and vegetables;94)meat of all kinds,fish and eggs;(5)milk and foods made from milk;(6)bread or cereal(谷类)，rice is also in this kind of food;(7)butter,or something likebutter.Paragraph 2People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of Ihings.Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.People in different countries eat at different times of the day.In some places people eat once or twice a day;in other countries people eat three or four times a day.Scientists say that none of the differences is really important.It doesnt matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked,canned(罐装的)or frozen(冷冻的).It doesnt matter if a person eats dinner at 4 oclock in the afternoon or at eleven oclock at night.The important thing is what you eat everyday.Paragraph 3There are two problems,then,in feeding the large number of people on the earth.The first is to find some way to feed the worlds population so that no one is hungry.The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.6.According to（依据）the scientists,which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?A.Chicken,apples,cereal and cabbages.B.Potatoes,carrots,rice and bread.C.Oranges,bananas,fish and tomatoes.D.Beef,pork,fish and milk,7.It is important for people to e a t_.A.three times a dayB.dinner at twelve oclockC.cooked food all the timeD.something from each of the seven kinds of food every day8.People in different countries and different places of the world_.A.have the right kinds of food to eatB.cook their food in the same wayC.have their meals at the same timeD.eat food in different ways9.Which of the following is not true?A.People in some places dont have enough to eat.B.There are too many people in the world.C.One of the problems is that no one is hungry.D.The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.10.If there is Paragraph（段落）4,what do you think is going to be talked about?A.When people eat their lunch.B What to do with the two problems.C.How to cook food in different ways.D.Why people eat different kinds of food.（C）People often say,“Children cant do math problem,its because parents cant do theirchildrens homework.Heres an example to show what 1 mean.The other day my daughter brought home her math homework.I have to subtract（减）179 from 202,she said.“Its quite easy,“I said.You put the 202 over the 179.”“But we need a 10 here.Where is the 10?”“I dont know where the 10 is.Lets just subtract 179 from 202.Nine from two is three.You carry one and add it to seven.Eight from zero is two.The answer is 23.”“We cant do it that way.We have to use the 10.”“Well,Im going to call your teacher to see how she subtracts 179 from 202.”Over the telephone,I said that I was having a bit of trouble with the homework shehad given to my daughter.The teacher said,“In the right-hand column（栏）we have units of one.The two in that column counts for two ones.The zero in the center counts forzero tens.The two in the left-hand column counts for hundreds.Are you clear?”But I didnt think I was clear.I hung up and found my way to the medicine box.My head was now hurting.I started putting pills of medicine into my mouth.How many did you take?my wife asked.“I took one and then I took another.I know one and one was two,but dont ask me what it is now.”11.The daughter wanted _ the other day.A.to give her father a lessonB.to show how difficult math wasC.her father to phone her teacherD.her father to help her with her homework12.Which of the following sentences is not true?A.The father had a different way to do the math problem.B.The father couldnt do his daughters homework.C.The daughter couldnt understand her fathers way.D.The daughter had some trouble doing the math problem.13.From what the teacher said,we know that the word“units”means_here.A.whole numbers less than 10 B.whole thingsC.groups of lessons D.the smallest numbers14.What the teacher said made the father.A.angry B.worried C.sad D.tired15.Can you guess what would happen next in the story?A.The father would go to school and begin to learn math.B.The father would become very ill and have to take more medicine.C.The father would never do his daughters math problems again.D.The father would go to the school and fight with the teacher.【答案及解析】(A)假日里，亨利喜欢到海边去旅游。有一次，他想去西山农场享受一下田园风光，并计划在那儿度过一个月的时间。可是令人惊奇的是，才去四天之后他就回来了。当朋友问起其中的缘由时，亨利说道：第一天，农场里死了一只羊，晚餐时美美地吃了一顿烤羊肉；第二天农场死了一头牛，又吃了一顿烧牛肉；第三天农场死了一头猪，结果又吃了一顿烤猪肉。可是，到了第四天，农场主死了，我不敢再留下来吃饭了。1.Ao 第二段的首句”.but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper.”即是答案的出处。2.D。本题考查根据语境进行分析判断的能力。由上下文，显然可知这是报纸上的一则广告信息。3.C 本题考查通过上下文对词汇的推测能力。根据亨利的叙述可得出此答案。4.Bo 这由“A different meat every day,and you are complaining!一句可知。5.C o本来打算要在乡村农场过一个暑假，结果四天之后就回来了。这能不是个短暂的假期吗？用此作标题既切合题意，又具有幽默的味道。(B)这篇短文分为三个落：第一段列举了科学家研究了人们每天要吃的食物；第二段讲述了不同国家的人们饮食习惯和饮食结构等各方面有很大差异。但这些对人来说都没不是很重要的，重要的是每天吃什么。第三段阐述了两个问题：如何解决世界人口的吃饭问题，既要吃饱，又要吃得健康。6.A o 本题属表层理解题。由第一段科学家建议七大类食品可知答案非A 莫属。7.Do 由，The important thing is what you eat every day.”及第一段的内容可知 D 是正确答案。而根据第二段可知A、B、C 皆为错误的。8.Do 第二段开头的People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things.Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.”这两句是解答本题的关键。9.C o 根据第三段所讲的内容，C 项显然是错误的。10.B1,A、C 和 D 都是在上文刚刚谈论过的，又根据第三段叮here are two problems,then,in feeding the large number of people on the earth.”所提的两个问题，可以推知下文可能要谈论如何解决这两个问题。故答案为B。（C）作者向我们讲述了很多人都可能遇到的一个问题：父母往往回答不上来小孩子问的一些非常简单的数学问题。文中作者的女儿向他询问怎样计算202减 去 179这道题。结果，他的女儿不但弄不懂他的解释，而且他还无法解释清楚女儿提出的问题。他只好向女儿的老师求助，而自己被老师的解释搞得天昏脑胀11.D o 细读第二段，再联系父女俩的谈话即可得出答案。12.Bo 根据*but I didnt think I was clear.以及“I took one and then I took another.I know one and one was two,but dont ask me what it is now.”可知 B 项是错误的。13.A,根据短文内容，那位老师所说的“”她的意思是说“个位上的数字是几就表示几个一”，当然应是小于1 的数。14.D。由“My head was now hurting.”这句话，可知“父亲”听了老师的解释后没有生气、焦虑或悲伤，而是头昏脑胀，疲惫之至。15.C。选项A 是不现实的，而选项C、D 更是荒诞离奇。体会一下文末一段“父亲”的举动，就可以想起他是一种什么样的心情。如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。要阅读需要一定的词汇量，同时在大量阅读的同时不仅可以复习学过的词汇而且还可扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，在英语阅读理解试题中猜测词义也是必不可少的题目，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时、我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A bag is useful and the word bag is useful.It gives us some interesting phrases（短语）.One is“to let the cat out of the bag”.It is the same as“to tell a secret.Now when someone lets out（泄漏）a secret,he“lets the cat out of the bag.”John“lets the cat out of the bag“means he.A.makes everyone know a secret B.the woman bout a catC.buys a cat in the bag D.sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as“to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为Ao二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断As they go around town,the police help people.Sometimes they find lost children.They take the children home.If the police see a fight,they put an end to it right away.Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town.The police can always tell the people which way to go.They know all the streets and roads well.In the text,“put an end to”means A.stop B.cut C.kill D.fly根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。三、根据并列或同位关系猜测词义There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground.It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean.The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word“steam mean in Chinese?A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽从语法上看，steam 和 hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。四、根据背景和常识判断The following morning when I went to see how my captive（caged）bird was doing,I discovered it on the floor of the cage,dead.I was terribly surprised!What had happened!I had taken extremely care of my little bird.Arthur Wayne,the famous ornithologist,who happened to be visiting my father at the time,hearing me crying over the death ofmy bird,explained what had happened.A mother mockingbird,finding her young in a cage,will sometimes bring it poison berries（毒莓）.She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”An ornithologist is probably a person who.A.studies birds B.loves creatures C.majors in habits D.takes care of treesOrnithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。利用主题句解中考英语阅读理解题最有效的办法是找出主题句。篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）概括性强：表述的意思比较概括。（2）结构简单：句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（3）受它支撑：段落中其他的句子是用来解释、支撑或发展该句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置情况有三种：一、主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：All living things on the earth need other living things to live.Nothing lives alone.Most animals must live in a group,and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another,one eats and the other is eaten.Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live,and together they form a foodchain（食物链）。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思：“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其他的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。二、主题句在段末或篇末用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论。例如：If you buy some well-made clothes,you can save money because they can last longer.They look good even after they have been washed many times.Sometimes some clothes cost more money,but it does not mean that they are always better made,or they always fit better.In other words,some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.这段文章前面列举了两件事实，最后一句是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。三、无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。Killer bees started in Brazil 1957.A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜）.So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees.The bees bred（繁殖）and made a new kind of bees.But the new bees were a mistake.They didnt want to make more honey.They wanted to attack.Then,by accident,twenty-six African beesescaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control（控制）the problem.The bees increased fast.They went from Brazil to Venezuela.Then they went to Central America.Now they are in North America.They travel about 390 miles a year.Each group of bees grows four times a year.This means one million new groups every five years.Why are people afraid of killer bees?People are afraid for two reasons.First,the bees sting（叮）many more times than usual bees.Killer bees can sting sixty times a minutenonstop for two hours.Second,killer bees attack in groups.Four hundred bee stings cankill a person.Already several hundred people are dead.Now killer bees are in Texas.In a few years they will reach all over the United States.People can do nothing but wait.这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是killer bees的产生。第二段讲的是killer bees的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕killer bees的原因。第四段讲的是killer b ees已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕killer bees这一中心展开的。换句话说，killer bees就是这篇文章的主题。“先题后文”阅读方法说明关于“先题后文”，同学们运用此法时要注意：1.先读题时只能是读其问题或题干，而不能读问题后的选项，否则不仅浪费时间，而且也无法记住众多答案所表达的众多信息。2.在读了题之后，要把这些问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文，关于这一点考生是要经过反复的训练才能形成能力的，因为短文后的这些问题本身所表达的信息并不象短文那样有情节，也不象短文那样连贯，所以有不少同学在开始试用这种方法时，往往先读了题之后（尤其是当问题较多时）再读短文时，又忘记是什么问题了。3.带着问题读短文时，对短文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，你可以用一支铅笔在短文中作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备，但也要注意不要每读到 个与问题有关的信息点就停下来去对照后面的问题，因为这样转来转去要耽误一些时间，另一方面有些问题往往要通过对短文的全面了解才能作出结论，而不能仅仅从一、二个信息点作出判断。4.带着问题读完短文之后，接着便是选择理解题的答案。虽然你是带着问题去阅读短文的，但也并不是说你在阅读时带去的问题全部得到了答案，也可能有些还没有把握（尤其是一些主观理解题），这时你同样要带着这些“疑题”去跳读短文（具体做法参见上面的“先文后题 的有关说明）。如何应对阅读理解中的细节题和推理题一、做细节事实题的方法在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，-要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。二、做推理判断题的方法所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种：1.事实推断这种推断