新视野大学英语第四册unit5.pdf

Unit FiveI.Objectives:To memorize new words and phrases in this unitTo master the grammatical structureTo improve students,reading skill of skimming.To learn to write topic sentences for a paragraphTo improve the listening skills for main idea/relationship between peopleIL Difficult sentences(lOmin.)2.1 Thoreau,alone in his cabin on the pond,his back deliberately turned to the town.Now,thats character for you.(L.8-9)2.2 Thoreau had his own self-importance for company.Perhaps theres a messagehere.The larger the ego,the less the need for other egos around.The moremodest and humble we feel,the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselvesinadequate company.2.3 Sentence patternsa.It may not be where we expected to be,but for the time being we might as wellcall it home.b.On the other hand,to be along on purpose,having rejected company rather thanbeen cast out by it,is one characteristic of an American hero.c.They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out,at least for an hour oreven two before they hurry home for tea.d.Its the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions thatbacks up and chokes usIII.Key words and useful expressions:Section/TextA:solitary,deer,wolf,tame,pond,sunlight,cushion,poetry,handwtiting,kettle,priest,hut,saucer,humble,on purpose,on the other hand,speak highly of,set forth,stay up late,might as well doIV.Time ArrangementSection A Choose to Be Alone on PurposePeriod Activities Time limit Teaching Method1Pre-reading Tasks45 min.presentation,discussion,Audio-visual2&3While-reading Tasks90 min.Qs-and-As,explanation,exemplification,analysis,paraphrase,translation4Post-reading Tasks45 min.explanation,5Exercises45 min.exemplification,groupdiscussion6Reading skills45 min.exemplification,analysis7&8Listening&Speaking90 min.Audio-visual,group discussion,communication1.Pre-reading(lsl period-45 min.)1.1:preview(20 min.):Background InformationHenry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau:U.S.thinker,essayist,and naturalist(1817 1862).Bom inConcord,Mass.,Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school forseveral years before deciding to become a poet of nature.In the years 1845 1847,todemonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be,he lived in a hut beside ConcordsWalden Pond;essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterpiece,Walden(1854).John MiltonJohn Milton:English poet(1608 1674).Milton attended Cambridge University(1625 1632),where he wrote poems in Latin,Italian,and English.He lost his sightin the year of 1651,and thereafter dictated his works.Considered second only to W.Shakespeare in the history of English-language poetry,Milton had an immenseinfluence on later literature.William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth:English poet(17701850).Orphaned at 13,Wordsworthattended Cambridge University,but remained rootless and virtually penniless until1795,when a legacy made possible a reunion with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth.In1843 he became Englands poet laureate.He is regarded as the central figure in theinitiation of English Romanticism.1.2 Topic-related video(15min.)1.3 Topic-related discussion(lOmin.)a.How does your public image differ from your private self?b.Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone.Others like to be with friendsmost of the time.Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends?c.Many people have a close relationship with their pets.These people treat their birds,cats,or other animals as members of their family.In your opinion,are suchrelationships good?Why or why not?d.Some students prefer to study alone.Others prefer to study with a group of students.Which do you prefer?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.1.4 Proverbs:It is better to be alone than in bad company.宁 可 孤 独，不 交 恶 友。A secret between more than two is no secret.三 人 知，天 下 晓。A still tongue makes a wise h ead.寡 言 为 智。2.While-reading(2nd and 3rd periods 90 min.)2.1 Global reading(30min.)2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text1)Why is loneliness called a national disease of the U.S.?All 22 million of people live alone,which suggests that it is an overwhelmingphenomenon in the United States.2)According to the passage,why do poets like the solitary condition?Because they can find inspiration in solitude.3)Why is it important for a person living alone to talk to others?The need to talk is the most basic need of a solitary person.2.1.2 Organization of the text(20min.)1)Main idea of the text(lOmin.)The passage focuses on a social phenomenon choosing to be alone on purpose.In the U.S.,about 22 million people live alone for various reasons.While some peoplethink of loneliness as a sort of national disease,others take it as a characteristic of anAmerican hero.Some great poets and philosophers in the past lived in solitude forinspiration,such as William Wordsworth,John Milton and Henry David Thoreau.However,solitude is hard for people because the need to talk is more basic than theneed to listen.So if one lives in solitude,he should stay rational and settle down toenjoy grace and pleasure.2)Text structure analysis(lOmin.)Part One(Para.l):Living alone is a common social phenomenon in USA.In the U.S.,about 22 million people live alone for various reasons.Part Two(Para.2):While some people think of loneliness as a sort of national disease,others take it as a characteristic of an American hero.Part Three(Para.3-10):Some great poets and philosophers in the past lived in solitudefor inspiration,such as William Wordsworth,John Miltonand Henry David Thoreau.Part Four(Para.11-16):However,solitude is hard for people because the need to talkis more basic than the need to listen.So if one lives insolitude,he should stay rational and settle down to enjoygrace and pleasure.2.2 Detailed reading(60min.)2.2.1 Words and phrases(40min.)1)on purpose(Title)：purposely对 不 起，我 打 碎 了 玻 璃 杯，但 是 我 不 是 故 意 的。Im sorry I broke the glass,but I didn*t do it on purpose.If you joke with him,hell t h i n k.(你 是 故 意 侮 辱 他)(youYe insulting him on purpose)2)speak highly of(L.ll)：express a good opinion of(sb./sth.)她 对 这 位 新 导 演 评 价 很 高。She speaks very highly of the new director.The m i n i s t e r,which ran through the entire city.(对 这 条 新 修 的 道 路 评 价 很 高)(spoke highly of the newly-built road)3)dictate(L.24)：v.say words for sb.else to write down他 向 秘 书 口 授 了 一 封 信。He dictated a letter to his secretary.Rather than trouble to put the composition he creates in his own handwriting,the boyusually asks his younger sister to write it down while he dictates.(叫 他 的 妹 妹 把 他 口 述 的 内 容 写 下 来)(asks his younger sister to write it down while he dictates)4)humble(L.39)：a.having a low opinion of oneself这 个 人 谦 恭 的 举 止 给 法 官 留 下 了 很 好 的 印 象。The mans humble behavior made a favorable impression on the judge.Abraham Lincoln,the sixteenth American president,w a s.(出 身 贫 寒 的 人)(a man of humble origin)5)soak(L.45)：v.become thoroughly wet在 雨 中 走 了 几 分 钟 后，他 浑 身 湿 透 了。Walking in the rain for a few minutes,he was soaked to the skin.I thought rd better leave my trousers t o.(泡 一 会 儿 然 后 再 洗)(soak for a while before getting it washed)6)back up(L.53)：support,esp.in an argument他 没 有 用 事 实 来 支 持 自 己 的 观 点。He doesn*t back up his arguments with facts.The policeman wouldnt have believed m e.(要 是 你 没 有 为 我 作 iiE)(if you hadn*t backed me up)7)choke(L.53)：v.become or make sb.become unable to speak他 气 得 说 不 出 话 来。Anger choked his words.He grabbed her by the throat a n d.(差 点 把 她 掐 死)(almost choked her to death)8)at length(L.56)：for a long time or in great detail他 详 尽 地 谈 到 了 他 的 工 作 和 家 庭。He talked at length about his work and family.So why not move on to the next one?(我 们 已 经 详 尽 地 讨 论 了 这 个 问 题)(We have already discussed this matter at length)9)settle down(L.65)：start to feel happy and confident with a new situation他 决 定 结 束 他 流 浪 的 生 活 在 一 个 小 城 镇 定 居 下 来。He decided to finish his wandering life and settled down in a small town.He was unhappy when he first went to s c h o o l,.(他 很 快 安 定 下 来 而 且 还 很 喜 欢 学 校)(he soon settled down and liked it very much)10)might as well(L.61)do sth.because it seems best in the circumstances,thoughoften reluctantly去 看 电 影 已 经 太 迟 了，我 们 不 如 就 在 家 看 电 视 吧。Its too late to go to the movies so we might as well watch TV at home.No one will eat this f o o d;.(还 不 如 把 它 扔 了 吧)(it might just as well be thrown away)2.2.2 Sentence patterns(lOmin.)1)Typical patterns for exemplification:原 句：Consider Dorothy Wordsworth,for instance,helping her brother William put onhis coat,finding his notebook and pencil for him,and waving as he sets forthinto the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself.(L.13)就 拿 多 萝 西?华 兹 华 斯 来 说 吧，她 帮 她 兄 弟 威 廉 穿 上 外 衣，为 他 找 到 笔 记 本 和 铅 笔，向 他 挥 手 告 别，目 送 着 他 走 进 早 春 的 阳 光 去 独 自 对 花 沉 思。句 型 提 炼：(Just)Consider/Look at sb.,for example/instance,.就 拿 某 人 来 说/为 例 吧，应 用：就 拿 孔 繁 森 为 例 吧，他 始 终 视 人 民 的 利 益 高 于 一 切，他 从 不 徇 情 枉 法，他 身 体 力 行。Consider Kong Fansen,for instance,always valuing the peoples interests aboveeverything else,never bending the law for the benefit of his relatives,and earnestlypracticing what he advocates.2)Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.:原 句：Then,rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting,he calls the girls tocome back and write it down while he dictates.(L.21)然 而 他 并 不 自 己 费 神 将 诗 歌 写 下 来，而 是 唤 回 女 儿 们，向 她 们 口 述，由 她 们 写 下 来。句 型 提 炼：Rather than do sth.,sb.does(would do)sth.else.某 人 不 是（做），而 是 应 用：他 并 没 有 因 为 马 克 思 主 义 的 观 点 没 有 被 历 史 证 明 过 而 否 认 它，而 是 试 图 通 过 对 前 苏 联 特 定 历 史 的 研 究 来 解 释 马 克 思 主 义。Rather than reject the belief of Marxism on the grounds that it had not been proved byhistory,he sought to account fbr Marxism through an analysis of the specific historyof the former Soviet Union.2.2.3 Difficult sentences(lOmin.)1)Thoreau,alone in his cabin on the pond,his back deliberately turned to the town.Now,that s character for you.(L.8-9)梭 罗 独 居 在 湖 畔 的 小 屋，有 意 抛 弃 了 城 市 生 活。现 在，这 成 了 你 的 个 性。turn ones back to:turn so that one is facing the opposite directionMeaning:Thoreau stayed alone in his cabin on the pond,with the intention ofrejecting the life among others in the town.Now this has become thelifestyle of ordinary people.2)Thoreau had his own self-importance for company.Perhaps theres a message here.The larger the ego,the less the need for other egos around.The more modest andhumble we feel,the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselves inadequatecompany.梭 罗 以 自 尊 自 重 为 伴。也 许 这 里 的 启 示 是：自 我 意 识 越 强，就 越 不 需 要 其 他 的 人 在 周 围。我 们 越 是 感 觉 谦 卑，就 越 受 孤 独 的 折 磨，感 到 仅 与 自 己 相 处 远 远 不 够。（L.38-40）ego:n.ones idea or opinion of oneself,or great feeling of ones own importance andability3.Post-reading(4th period 45min.)3.1 Useful expressions(25min.)23456789据 最 近 的 统 计 故 意 是 某 人 最 主 要 的 东 西 高 度 评 价 动 身；阐 述 毫 无 疑 问（不）费 神 做 某 事 放 松；伸 出；延 长 充 满 整 个 房 间 10.熬 夜 做 某 事 11.一 口 气（地）by recent count(L.1)on puipose(L.5)to be a major commodity for sb.(L.10)to speak highly of(L.11)to set forth(L.14)No doubt about it,-,(L.17)to(not)trouble to do sth.(L.22)to stretch out(L.43)to fill up the whole room(L.44)to stay up late to do sth.(L.45)at one sitting(L.45)12.一 连 串 的.13.堵 塞：支 持；证 实 14.详 细 地 说；唠 叨 不 休 15.跟 某 人 争 论 某 事 16.保 持 理 性 17.使 自 己 过 得 舒 服 18.把 某 人/物 密 封 起 来 19.暂 时;眼 下 20.不 妨/还 不 如 做 某 事 3.2 Summary of the texta succession of sth.(L.53)to back up(L.53)to talk at length(L.56)to argue with sb.over sth.(L.58)to stay rational(L.64)to make oneself comfortable(L.65)to seal up sb./sth.(L.67)for the time being(L.69)might/may as well do sth.(L.70)In the U.S.,all 22 million people live alone for one reason or another.Whilesome people think of loneliness as a sort of national disease,others take it as acharacteristic of an American hero.Some great poets and philosophers in the pastlived in solitude for inspiration,such as William Wordsworth,John Milton and HenryDavid Thoreau.They all speak highly of themselves for having sought their solitude.William Wordsworth would wave good-bye to his sister before setting off to study theflowers all by himself,while she stayed at home preparing everything for him.Thoreau is seen as admirable because he was living all alone in the woods.He had noone to talk to at all except for numerous daily visitors to his hut who constantly askedhim how he could possibly be so noble.However,solitude is not always a goodexperience.If you live with other people,their temporary absence can be refreshing.But it is different when you live alone:the feeling of loneliness can be very hardbecause the need to talk is more basic than the need to listen.So if one lives insolitude,he should stay rational and settle down to enjoy grace and pleasure in hiscondition.3.3 Writing3.4 Assignments1)Finish all the exercises of Section A.2)Preview Section B,including reading skills.3)Preview Section B,including reading skills.4.Exercises(5th period-45min.):Revision4.1 check and explain exercises on Page 124-1304.2 Error correction1)The more further they talked about the problem,the more puzzled they became.A B C D(A.The further)2)“Lending money to him!You might as well as throw it into the sea.She shouted angrily at herA B C Dhusband.(C.as w ell)3)Try to find someone suitable for you to live,and then decide on the terms of the roommateA B Ccontract before moving in.D(B.live with)4)As people try hard to control the planet and make life comfortably,they tend to use upA B Cresources that are needed for their survival.D(B.comfortable)5)Friends may refrain from expressing any sympathy because they feel that it might beA Binappropriate and embarrassed for her.C D(D.embarrassing)4.3 Text extensionDiscussion:If it were possible,would you choose to live all by yourself or to have a large with adozen of children?5.Reading skill(6th period 45m in.)1.1 Recognizing Paragraph Patterns(II)In the last unit we saw that paragraph information often appears in patterns that can berecognized or analyzed.Paragraph ideas and information are put together so that we can see themrelated to each other in certain patterns.This kind of skills is important for us to get a betterunderstanding of the passage we read but it is also crucial for us to make sensible or reasonablepredictions as to what is to follow next.In this unit we will have more practice in recognizing and analyzing paragraph patterns,especiallythe patterns that we did not cover in our last unit.5.2 ExamplesExample 1:Read the first sentence in Paragraph 11,Passage A,Unit 5 and make a prediction about what tocome next.If you live with other people,their temporary absence can be refreshing.(Para.11,Passage A,Unit 5)Possible predictions:the advantages of living with other people;the advantages of living withother people especially during their temporary absence;the advantages of living alone.To make the right prediction,we have to read on:Solitude will end on Thursday.If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself,nextweek I will use the plural form.While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until itfills up the whole room,and use your freedom,coming and going as you please without apology,staying