中考英语备考专题阅读理解(含解析).pdf

专 题 1 5 阅读理解【考点综述】：中考阅读理解题部分所选文章题材多样，近年来出题比较多的有人物故事、民族风情、科普知识、健康保健以及一些热点话题。试题形式也日益灵活多变，图标类试题有所增加。主要考查学生的细节理解能力、推理判断能力、词义猜测能力及推断作者意图和态度的能力等。阅读题在中考题中占的比重很大。【中考真题再现】：1.1 2 0 1 3 湖北咸宁】A l m ost every C hinese person c a n rec ite the two l ines of the fa m ous poem,“E very gra in on the pl a te c om es from ha rd work（谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦）.B ut sa dl y,m a ny of usdon,t a c tua l l y get the rea l m ea ning of these l ines:D on,t wa ste food.A C C T V progra m,N ews O ne P l us O ne,reported tha t the food C hinese peopl e throw a wa y everyyea r is enough to feed 2 0 0 m il l ion peopl e for a yea r.D o we ha ve too m uc h food?O f c ourse not.A c c ording to the U NW orl d F ood P rogra m,there were 9 2 5 m il l ion hungry peopl e a roundthe worl d in 2 0 1 0,espec ia l l y in devel oping c ountries.S ixm il l ion c hil dren die of hunger every yea r.C hinese peopl e a re wel 1 k nown for b eing hospita b l e（好客的）a ndgenerous.M a ny even feel tha t they l ose fa c e if their guests ha veea ten a l l the food on the ta b l e.L uc k il y,a num b er of peopl e ha ve rea l ized the im porta nc e of sa ving food.L a st N ovem b er,L iH ong,a wa itress in a resta ura nt in N a nj ing,got fired b ec a use she took som e l eftover food hom efor her son.M a ny peopl e stood b y her side a nd c ritic ized（批评）the wa ste of food.W ha t shoul d we do in our da il y l ives to wa ste l ess food?H ere a re som e tips:1.D o not order too m uc h in a resta ura nt.O nl y order a s m uc h a s you wa nt to ea t.I f youc a nnot ea t a l 1 the food you ordered,ta k e the rest of it hom e.2.D on t b e too pic k y（挑易！J的）a b out food.S om e food m a y not ta ste grea t,b ut your b ody needsit.3.K eep a n eye on wha t food you ha ve a t hom e.D on t b uy too m uc h,espec ia l l y for vegeta b l es a ndfruit.5 1.H ow m a ny peopl e were hungry in the worl d in 2 0 1 0 a c c ording to the U N W orl d F ood P rogra m?A.2 0 0 m il l ion.B.S ix m il l ion.C.9 2 5 m il l ion.D.6 2 5m il l ion.52.What does the writer want to show us through Li Hong,s story?A.M any Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food.B.M any Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak.C.Chinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food.D.M any Chinese people don t agree with the behavior of wasting food.53.The underlined word“leftover“means in Chinese.A.过期的 B.剩余的 C.腐烂的 D.难吃的54.According to the passage,we shouldn,t waste food because.A.food comes from very hard workB.six million children die of hunger every dayC.there is enough food to feed all the peopleD.Chinese are hospitable and generous55.Which of the following is a good way to save food?A.Ordering more than you need at a restaurant.B.Taking home restaurant leftovers.C.N ot knowing what you already have at home when shopping.D.N ot eating the food you don t like even if it s healthy.【答案】51-55 CDBAB【考点】有关节约粮食问题的议论文阅读【分析】矩文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了世界上的粮食矩缺问题，并对如何节约粮食提出了三点建议。从而告诉我们不要浪费粮食。51.根据 According to the UN World Food Program：there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010：描述，可知选C。52.根据 Many people stood by her side and criticized（批评）the waste of food.描述,可知许多中国人都不赞成浪费食物的行为。选 D。53.联系下文food home for her son描述，可知此处指的是把剩饭带回家给儿子。故选B。54.根据，Every grain on the plate comes from hard work（谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦）:描述 可知食物是通过艰苦的劳动得来的。故选A。55.根据短文最后提供的三条小穿门可知选项ACD都属于浪费食物的行为，故 选&把 剩 饭 带 回 家。2.【2013 江西】Should we be afraid of sharks?M aybe not.N ew research into the reasons for sharkattacks（攻击）suggests that sharks don t like the way humans taste!In fact,most people whoare attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite（咬）.Why is this?T here a re m a ny opinions to expl a in why sha rk s som etim es a tta c k peopl e.O ne opinion is tha tsha rk s a re j ust c urious（好奇的）.W o k now tha t sha rk s a re the strongest a nim a l s in theirenvironm ent,so they a re not a fra id of a nything.N a tura l l y,tha t m ea ns they a re c urious whenthey m eet som ething unusua l.B ec a use they don,t ha ve ha nds or feet.,the onl y wa y they c a n findout a n ob j ec t is to b ite it!1 1 is thought tha t sha rk s som etim es b ite hum a ns for this rea son,a nd then swim a wa y.S c ientists a l so sa y tha t sha rk s woul d not wa ste energy trying to ea t al ot of b ones（骨头）.I t is ha rd for a sha rk to ea t us b ec a use sha rk s dony tha ve ha nds,a nd they c a n t pul l the m ea t off our b ones.M a yb e tha t s whythey onl y b ite us onc e.U nl uc k il y,one b ite from a l a rge sha rk is seriousenough to hurt peopl e grea tl y!A nother opinion is tha t sha rk s a tta c k hum a ns b y m ista k e.S om e sha rk sm a y som etim es m ista k e hum a ns for a sea l.A n exa m pl e of this is when a sha rka tta c k a tta c k s a surfer.A surfer l ying on a surfb oa rd l ook s l ik e a sea lwhen seen from b el ow.S ha rk s l ik e sea l s b ec a use they ha ve thic k fa t.W ha tever the rea son for sha rk a tta c k s on hum a ns,sha rk s shoul d b e a fra id of us.S a dl y,wek il l a l m ost 4 0 m il l ion of them ea c h yea r.7 3.W ha t ha ppens to peopl e a tta c k ed b y sha rk s?A.M ost of them b ec a use b l ind.B.M ost of them b ec a use of dea f.C.M ost of them died.D.M ost of them a re stil l a l ive.7 4.H ow do sha rk s find out a b out a n unusua l ob j ec t a c c ording to the pa ssa ge?A.B y b iting.B.B y sm el l ing.C.B y touc hing.D.B y k il l ing.7 5.W hic h sentenc e a b out sha rk s is true?A.S ha rk s pul l m ea t off b ones when they ea t.B.S ha rk s m ight m ista k e hum a ns for sea l s.C.S ha rk s l ik e to a tta c k surfers b ec a usre of their thic k fa t.D.O ne b ite from a sha rk is nothing serious.7 6.W ha t woul d the a uthor write the pa ssa ge m a inl y for?A.T o tel l surfers to sta y a wa y from sha rk s.B.T o a sk peopl e to stop k il l ing sha rk s.C.T o l et us k now the rea sons for sha rk a tta c k s on peopl e.【答案】73.D 74.A 75.B 76.C【考点】关于鲨鱼袭击人类的议论文阅读【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要从两个方面解释了鲨鱼为什么袭击人类的摩因，一是因为好奇心；二是因为把人当成海豹。73.木艮据第一段 In fact：most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite（咬）.描述，可知选D。74.根据第二段 Because they dont have hands or feet.:the only way they can find out an object is to bite it!It isthought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason,and then swim away.描述 可知选 A。75.根据第四段 Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake.Some sharks may sometimes mistake humansfor a seal.描述,可知选BoD.T o show tha t hum a ns a re m uc h stronger tha n sha rk s.7 6.这篇短文中作者主要解释了鲨鱼为什么会袭击人类的原因，故选C。3.【2 0 1 3 浙江杭州】T n the 1 9 2 0 s a nd 3 0 s the a irl ines were j ust b eginning.I t wa s unusua l forpeopl e to tra vel b y a ir b ec a use it wa s expensive a nd da ngerous.I n those da ys,there were nofl ight a ttenda nts to l ook a fter the pa ssengers.Y oung m en,or“stewa rds“hel ped the pa ssengersonto the a irpl a ne a nd c a rried the pa ssengers?l ugga ge（行李）b ut they did not provide food a nddrink s.B ut then in 1 9 3 0,a wom a n c a l l ed E l l en C hurc h invented tho“stowa rdoss”.E l l en C hurc h wa s b orn in 1 9 0 4 on a fa rm in I owa.S he wa s a different c hi I d.S he didn,twa nt to work on a fa rm or m a rry a fa rm er-she wa nted a m ore a dventurous（冒险的）l ife.E l l enstudied to b e a nurse a t the U niversity of M innesota a nd then got a j ob in a hospita l.F or thenext few yea rs she sta yed a t the hospita l b uto a l so took fl ying l essons a nd got her pil ot,sl ic ense.E l l en wa s twenty-five yea rs ol d when she first got in touc h with B oeing A ir T ra nsport.S hel oved fl ying b ut she understood tha t a irl ines were a m a n s worl d.A l though wom en l ik e E m el iaE a rhea rt were b ec om ing fa m ous,she rea l ized it wa s im possib l e for a wom a n to ha ve a c a reer,a s api l ot.B ut she ha d a nother idea.M ost peopl e were frightened of fl ying b ec a use,fl ying wa s sti1 1a n unrel ia b l e（不可靠的）wa y to tra vel.T here were often del a ys（延误），m a ny c ra shes a nd the b a dwea thers m a de m a ny pa ssengers sic k.E l l en thought nurses c oul d ta k e c a re of pa ssengers duringfl ights a nd B.A.T.a greed.T he young wom a n from I owa a nd seven oDther nurses b ec a m e the first a ir stewa rdesses.At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes,butpassengers loved the stewardesses.In 1940 there were around 1000 of them working for differentairlines.The early“stewardesses“had to be under twenty-five-year-old,single and slim.Whena woman joined an airline,she had to promise not to get married or have children.It was hardjob and not wel1 paid.They worked long hours and earned$1 an hour.In the 1970s,stewardesses were unhappy in their job and airlines had to make some changes.Since the 1970s,“stewardesses”have been called flight attendants.They are well paid andwork fewer hours than in the past.51.()The last sentence of the first paragraph suggeststhat.A.the word“stewardess”was made up by Ellen ChurchB.Ellen Church was the first woman who flew a planeC.Ellen Church was the first woman who worked on a planeD.Ellen Church was the first woman passenger on a plane52.()From the second paragraph,we learn that.A.Ellen did not behave in the same way as most as other girlsB.Ellen s family was not rich enough to support her educationC.Ellen was fond of working as a nurse in the hospitalD.Ellen has an unhappy chiIdhood that changed her completely53.()The main reason for Boeing Air Transport offering Ellen the job was.A.her flying experience B.her university educationC.her nursing experience D.her life attitudes54.()According to the passage,in the 1940s a woman had to if she wanted to be astewardess.A.be a nurse B.be marriedyoung55.()The passage mainly talks about.A.the background of early flying pilotsC.the history of early flight attendantsC.be a mother D.beB.the experience of flying passengersD.the development of airplanes文章主旨大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Ellen如何成长为空姐，从而介绍了介绍了早期空姐的发展史。51.【答案】Ct 考点】句意猜测。t 解析】由第二段中的pilots license可知Ellen拿到了飞行员执照，故可猜测Ellen可以在飞机上工作。52.【答案】A【考点】细节理解题。【解析】由 She was a different child.She didnt want to work on a farm or marry a farmer-she wanted a moreadventurous(冒险的)life.可知，她的想法与别人不同，答案A 正合此意，故选A 项。53.【答案】C【考点】推理判断题。【解析】根据第二段最后两句可知Ellen曾经做过多年的护士；根据第三段最后一句航空公司采纳了 Ellen承担照顾乘客的想法可推知之所以她的想法被采纳是因为她有做护士的经历。【答案】D【考点】细节理解题。【解析】根据第五段中的 The early stewardesses had to be under twenty-five-year-oli single and slim.可知早期的空姐要在25岁以下，单身，而且苗条。所以可推知20世纪40年代的时候想当空姐必须要年轻。55.【答案】C【考点】主旨大意题。【解析】本文讲的主要是早期空姐的发展史，答案C 正合此意，故选C 项。4.(2013 重庆】San Francisco has many museums.You can visit one and learn something new.Wehave art,science,history and other special museums.Some museums are open every day.Some areonly open on certain days.M any museums are expensive,and others are free.But some of theexpensive ones have free days.M any museums have websites.The websites usually haveinformation about the things you can see in the museums.On a museum s website you can get information about ticket prices and free days.You can alsoknow where the museum is and when it is open.Sometimes the information is on the first page,and it s very easy for you to find.But sometimes you have to click(点 击)on the words likeVisit Information,or About to find the information.That will be hard work for you.()51.San Francisco has many museums for you visit and.A.learn something newB.play computer gamesC.watch the movies D.click on Information()52.Some museums in San Francisco are open every day,but some are only open.A.on weekdaysB.on weekendsC.on c erta in da ysD.on hol ida ys（）5 3.M a ny m useum s ha ve_ with inform a tion a b out the things you c a n see in them.A.tic k et pric es B.their web sitesC.open hours D.free da ys【答案】51.A 52.C 53.B【考点】关于图书馆的说明文闻读【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了圣儒朗西斯科的图书馆，并且许多图书馆都开办有自己的网站，你可以通过这些网站查阅关于这些图书值的信息。5L根据第一段 You can visit one and learn something new.描述,可知选 Ao52.根据第段 Some are only open on certain days.描述,可知选 Co53.根据第段 Many museums have websites.The websites usually have information about the things you can see inthe museums.描述,可知选B5.2 0 1 3 四川雅安】O ne da y when J a c k wa s wa l k ing inthe pa rk,he sa w a wom a n he k new sitting on ab enc h（长椅）with a dog b eside her.T he dog wa s l ook ing up a t the wom a n.J a c k wa l k ed up to the wom a n a nd sa id,“H el l o.S ue,how a reyou?M a y I sit a ndta l k with youfor a whil e?”“O f c ourse,pl ea se sit down,“S ue sa id.J a c k sa t down next to S ue on the b enc h,a nd they ta l k ed quietl y together.T he dog c ontinued to l ook up a t S ue,a s if wa iting to b e fed.“T ha t s a nic e dog“J a c k sa id,pointing（指向）a t the a nim a l.“Y es,he s ha ndsom e.H e s a b it of a m ixture（混合）b ut tha t s not a b a d thing.H e s strong a nd hea l thy”“A nd hungry,“J a c k sa id.H e ha sn，t ta k en his eyes off you.H e think s you ve gotsom e food for him.”“T ha t s true,S ue sa id,B utr I ha venJ t.”T he two friends l a ughed a nd then J a c k sa id,“D oes your dog b ite?”“N o,S ue sa id.H e s never b itten a nyone.H e s a l wa ys gentl e a nd good-tem pered（好脾气）.”H ea ring this,J a c k dec ided to pet the dog.H e put out his ha nd a nd touc hed thea nim a T s hea d.I m m edia tel y it j um ped up a nd b it him.H ey!J a c k shouted.Y ou sa id he didn t b ite.”“N o,I didn t,S ue repl ied.Y ou a sk ed,if m y dog b it,a nd I sa id no.5 1.W ha t did J a c k do when he sa w the wom a n?A.H e wa l k ed pa st her.B.H e a sk ed to sit next to her.C.H e spok e a ngril y to her.D.H e spok e to her dog.5 2.T he dog l ook ed.A.a ngril y a t J a c kC.a s if he woul d b ite S ue5 3.J a c k thought tha t the dogA.wa s il lC.wa s terrib l eB.sic kD.hungryB.b el onged to S ueD.b el onged in a zoo5 4.T he underl ined word“pet”shoul d b e in C hinese.A.宠物 B.喜欢C.敲打 D.抚摸5 5.F rom the story,we c a n know.A.J a c k a nd S ue ta l k ed a b out the sa m e dogB.J a c k a sk ed S ue a right questionC.J a c k wa s b itten b y S ue s dogD.J a c k a sk ed S ue a wrong question【答案】51.B 52.D 53.B 54.D 55.D【考点】故事类记述文阅读【分析】短文大意：本文是一篇哲理小故事，主要通过两个朋友对面前那条狗的讨论，而引发的事件，告 搬们做事一定要弄清事情的真想，切不可贸然行动，以免造成不必要的伤害。51.根据本文中的第二和第三段两人之间的对话可知，Jack请求坐在Sue的旁边，故选B。52.根据文中“And hungryJack said.He hasnt taken his eyes off you.He thinks youVe got some food for him 可知答案为Do53.根据故事的最后，他被狗咬，可知，他以为狗是Sue家的。54.根据文中“He put out his hand and touched the animal s head.”可以判断出，Jack想去抚摸那条狗，故选D0S5.根据对短文的主题理解可以判断出，那条狗不是Sue的，而 Jack问了一个错误的问题“你家的狗咬不咬人？”以致于被狗咬，故选Do【热身练习】：1.J ohn ha s a pet dog na m ed S unl ight.H e l oves him very m uc h.H e ever tol d others tha t S unl ightwa s one of his fa m il y m em b ers.O ne m idnight,J ohn*s house wa s on fire suddenl y.J ohn wa s sl eeping a nd didn,t k now wha twa s ha ppening.A t tha t tim e,S unl ight notic ed the fire a nd wok e up J ohn.J ohn c a l l ed the pol ic e.S oon the fire wa s put out b y the pol ic e.N ow J ohn often sa ys to others,“T he dog is rea l l y m y good friend.I n the thic k sm ok e a ndb ig fire,he c oul d ha ve run out of the house first,b ut he didn t.N o m a tter how da ngerous itis,he first think s of his owner.”T oda y m ore a nd m ore dogs a re wa ndering（流浪）i n t h e s t