阅读理解技巧细节题精品文稿.ppt

阅读理解技巧细节题第1页，本讲稿共49页1.What problems or difficulties will we meet when dealing with Factual Information Questions?2.What effective ways have we had to smooth any obstacle away?PuzzledAdvice?Advice?第2页，本讲稿共49页考考纲纲解解读读1.课程标准课程标准从近几年细节理解题的考查来看，不仅是数量增加，从近几年细节理解题的考查来看，不仅是数量增加，而且难度也稍有加大，表现为：答案需要跨段落搜而且难度也稍有加大，表现为：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；题目设置顺序与全文顺序不一致；题目信集信息；题目设置顺序与全文顺序不一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。息与原文信息表达方式不一致。以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为辅，以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为辅，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方向倾斜，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方向倾斜，要求与考生运用自己的综合能力和知识结构去要求与考生运用自己的综合能力和知识结构去解决问题。解决问题。在选材上强调了语言的交际性原则。阅读理解部在选材上强调了语言的交际性原则。阅读理解部分所选材料情景真实明确，题材多样，语言地道，分所选材料情景真实明确，题材多样，语言地道，试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言交际能力。试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言交际能力。2.高考大纲高考大纲理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息。第3页，本讲稿共49页命题规律命题规律1.考查理解文章主要细节的试题，命题人一般都是通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。2.细节题有可能是直接理解题，但多数情况下是间接理解题。要求在理解的基础上，通过思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化、比如计算、排序、选图等。命题趋势命题趋势命题趋势命题趋势20142014年阅读理解可能设置年阅读理解可能设置年阅读理解可能设置年阅读理解可能设置1111题左右题左右题左右题左右细节理解题。细节理解题。第4页，本讲稿共49页一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问）。语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）。数字计算题，排列顺序题等等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好其他类型问题抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好其他类型问题的基础。的基础。第5页，本讲稿共49页1.1.将原文内容扩大或缩小将原文内容扩大或缩小将原文内容扩大或缩小将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2.2.把未然当已然把未然当已然把未然当已然把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成发生的事情。现在时，把未发生的事情当成发生的事情。3.3.无中生有无中生有无中生有无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出结。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出结论，而文中并未涉及。论，而文中并未涉及。4.4.偸换概念偸换概念偸换概念偸换概念。把原来做该事的。把原来做该事的“张三张三”换成换成“李四李四”，所述，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5.文不对题文不对题文不对题文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述中。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述中的描述与原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看的描述与原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。PuzzledPuzzled干扰项有以下特征干扰项有以下特征第6页，本讲稿共49页1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或语态的变化词性或语态的变化。把原文中的词变换一下词性，。把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3.语言简化语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。成为正确答案。4.正话反说正话反说正话反说正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征第7页，本讲稿共49页这类题型的题干常为：1.When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/false/mentionedinthepassage?3.Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?4.Allthestatementsaretrue/falseexcept5.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?第8页，本讲稿共49页这类题型的题干常为：6.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof?7.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizethemainfeatureof?8.Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof/relationshipof?9.Whichofthefollowingmapsshowstherightwayto?10.Whichofthedrawingsbelowgivesanideaofwhatislike?第9页，本讲稿共49页二、辨认主要的事实或细节辨认细节属客观理解。辨认细节要求我们学生寻找支撑主题思想的那些主要的事实。细节的辨认又分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。1.直接辨认直接辨认细节的直接辨认细节不要求考生对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求记住重要的细节，在必要的时候（作判断、推论或结论的时候）能准确而迅速 地将它们回忆出来。第10页，本讲稿共49页 对此类题型，我们可以首先从对此类题型，我们可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容他仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选容他仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微的区别，在准确项与文中细节的细微的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。案。第11页，本讲稿共49页63.Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving?A.Hewaslonelyontheroad.B.HewassloweddownbyatruckC.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong.D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)第12页，本讲稿共49页 Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became increasingly impatient.考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)第13页，本讲稿共49页63.Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving?A.Hewaslonelyonthetoad.B.HewassloweddownbyatruckC.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong.D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.B.Hewassloweddownbyatruck考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)第14页，本讲稿共49页49.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S?A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy D.Thankfulness.考例考例II2012全国全国IIC篇篇第15页，本讲稿共49页Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion across cultures.考例考例 II 2012全国全国II C 篇篇第16页，本讲稿共49页49.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S?A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy D.Thankfulness.考例考例II2012全国全国IIC篇篇C.Joy 第17页，本讲稿共49页2.间接辨认间接辨认 间接间接辨认不仅要求考生能从阅读材料辨认不仅要求考生能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述出来。同义或近义的形式复述出来。做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于细节理解题和推理理或鉴别，这是介于细节理解题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。一定难度。第18页，本讲稿共49页51.What should we do before attempting to“read”people?A.Learn about their relations with others.B.Understand their culture backgrounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 第19页，本讲稿共49页考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 Ourfacesshowemotions,butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.第20页，本讲稿共49页51.What should we do before attempting to“read”people?A.Learn about their relations with others.B.Understand their culture backgrounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 B.Understand their culture backgrounds.第21页，本讲稿共49页29.Inthelastparagraph,youareadvised.A.togothroughsomedifficulttestsB.towakeupfromyourwilddreamsC.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmindD.towearexpensiveclothesforjobinterviews考例考例II2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题第22页，本讲稿共49页Itdoesntmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyournextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.考例考例II 2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题 第23页，本讲稿共49页29.Inthelastparagraph,youareadvised.A.togothroughsomedifficulttestsB.towakeupfromyourwilddreamsC.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmindD.towearexpensiveclothesforjobinterviews考例考例II2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题C.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmind第24页，本讲稿共49页33.Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause_.A.workmakesonefeelpainB.onetendstoenjoyhisworkC.onegivesuphisworkeasilyD.ittakesalotoftimetosucceed2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题第25页，本讲稿共49页However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,itllrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewontputin.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudontenjoywhatyoudo,itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题第26页，本讲稿共49页33.Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause_.A.workmakesonefeelpainB.onetendstoenjoyhisworkC.onegivesuphisworkeasilyD.ittakesalotoftimetosucceed2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题D.ittakesalotoftimetosucceed第27页，本讲稿共49页35.Theauthorsupportsdeedingthebaby_.A.inthenightB.everyfourhoursC.wheneveritwantsfoodD.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevel2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题第28页，本讲稿共49页Ihavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebabyspointofview.Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices.2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题第29页，本讲稿共49页35.Theauthorsupportsfeedingthebaby_.A.inthenightB.everyfourhoursC.wheneveritwantsfoodD.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevel2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题C.wheneveritwantsfood第30页，本讲稿共49页3.数字计算题数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接出来细的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份或比例计算等。文章中经代的计算、月份或比例计算等。文章中经常出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的常出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类题的方法是先理解文章的影响。解答此类题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确的答案。正确的答案。第31页，本讲稿共49页67.A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least _.A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48 hours D.72 hours考例考例12012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇第32页，本讲稿共49页ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark,cooking,playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself-respect,confidenceandlifedirection.考例考例1 2012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇 第33页，本讲稿共49页67.A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least _.A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48 hours D.72 hours考例考例12012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇B.36 hours第34页，本讲稿共49页55.How many cities has Lucys U.S.tour plan already included?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six D.Eleven.考例考例22012全国全国II，D篇篇第35页，本讲稿共49页Even the Ethiopian Public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital.Adds Ababa,is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston,Texas,spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S.tour,which will start in Houston next September.The six-year tour will also go to Washington,New York,Denver and Chicago.考例考例22012全国全国II，D篇篇第36页，本讲稿共49页55.How many cities has Lucys U.S.tour plan already included?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six D.Eleven.考例考例22012全国全国II，D篇篇B.Five.第37页，本讲稿共49页1.这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选 出正确答案。出正确答案。4.排列顺序题排列顺序题Exploring!Exploring!第38页，本讲稿共49页1.Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County,Nevada,a district roughly the size of Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them,four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品样品);they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009.The district will then assess how well the schools perform,and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.考考例例1第39页，本讲稿共49页1.Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A.Assessment Prototype Design Construction B.Design-Assessment Prototype Construction C.Design Assessment Prototype Construction D.Design Prototype Assessment-Construction第40页，本讲稿共49页1.Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County,Nevada,a district roughly the size of Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them,four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品样品);they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009.The district will then assess how well the schools perform,and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.考考例例1 1第41页，本讲稿共49页1.Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A.Assessment Prototype Design Construction B.Design-Assessment Prototype Construction C.Design Assessment Prototype Construction D.Design Prototype Assessment-ConstructionD.Design Prototype Assessment-Construction第42页，本讲稿共49页5.图表图画题图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的一出表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的一出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。按图寻找正确答案的方法。第43页，本讲稿共49页5.图表图画题图表图画题33.Which the following bicycle types was invented by James Starley?(2013年广一年广一)第44页，本讲稿共49页5.图表图画题图表图画题Ten years later,James Starley,an English inventor,made several innovation that revolutionized bicycle design.He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel,put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes.第45页，本讲稿共49页5.图表图画题图表图画题33.Which the following bicycle types was invented by James Starley?(2013年广一年广一)B第46页，本讲稿共49页Practice Lets practice to experience the effective skills and methods for FactualInformationQuestionsin Reading Comprehension.第47页，本讲稿共49页Homework Lets complete the exercises on the paper.第48页，本讲稿共49页第49页，本讲稿共49页