it其他常见用法人称代词虚主语宾语知识点总结讲义 高考英语语法二轮复习专题.docx

高中英语语法 高考二轮复习it考点讲义【精讲版】it其他常见用法（人称代词，虚主语宾语）知识点总结it用作人称代词的用法 1. 用于指事物it用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复：This is my watch, its a Swiss one. 这是我的手表，它是瑞士制的。I cannot find my watch; I must have lost it. 我找不到手表，我一定把它给丢了。 2. 用于指动物或婴儿除用于指代事物外，还可指动物或性别不详的婴儿：“Where is the cat?” “Its under the bed.” “                        猫在哪儿?”“在床下。”They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。 3. 用于上文提到的情况He smokes in bed and I dont like it. 他在床上抽烟，我不喜欢他这样。Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didnt help. 她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。 4. 用于指人it用于指人主要用确定未知人的身份：“Who is it?” “Its me.” “是谁啊?”“是我。”“Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.” “听，有人在哭。”“噢，一定是玛丽。”Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人来过，但我们不知道是谁。 5. 指人时与he和she的区别当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或者是身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。比较：I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postman. 我听见有人在敲门，一定是邮递员来了。Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. 吉姆在门口，他想见你。A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一个高个子站起来同她握了手，他是总经理。The general manager just called. He told us to wait for him at the gate. 总经理刚来过电话，他叫我们在门口等他。 6. 指物时与one的区别两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：it指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，此时的it等于“the (this, that, my.)+名词”；而one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物，此时的one等于“a+名词”。比较：I have a dictionary but Ive lent it to Mary. 我有一本词典，但把它借给玛丽了。I havent a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我没有词典，你能借我一本吗? it用作虚主语或虚宾语的用法 1. 用于指时间Its still early. 时间还早。Its already nine oclock. 已是9点了。Its three years since he left here. 他离开这儿已有3年了。2. 用于指距离Its a long way from here. 从这儿去很远。How far is it from here to the station? 从这儿去车站有多远?3. 用于指环境Its noisy in here. 这里面很嘈杂。It was very quiet in the garden. 花园里很安静。4. 用于指天气等自然现象Its very cold today. 今天很冷。It is raining. 正在下雨。Its 37 today. 今天气温是摄氏37度。5. 用于笼统地谈论某情况I cannot help it. 没办法了。"Hows it going?" "Well, not so good." “情况如何?”“不是很好。”6. 用于某些习语(1) make it 及时赶到；成功，办成：You can make it if you hurry. 如果你赶快还可以及时赶到。He wants to make it as a writer. 他想作一名作家而一举成名。You neednt worry; he will make it. 你不必担心，他会办成的。(2) catch it 被责骂，受处罚：If I come home late Ill catch it from my mother. 如果我回家晚了，我妈妈会骂我。 含it的9个常用特殊句型 1. It doesnt matterIt doesnt matter what he says. 他说什么都没关系。2. It appears/ seems/ happens/says thatIt seems that he is always correct. 他好像总是对的。It happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我当时没有带钱。3. It is said/ reported/ believed/ understood thatIt is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。4. It is a waste of time /money doing sth.Its a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。5. (It is) no wonder( that)  Its no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。6. It makes no/mush differenceIts doesnt make much difference my being there. 我在不在那儿没有什么影响。7. it takes sb. some time to do sth.It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题.8. Its ones turn to do sth.Its my turn to clean the classroom. 是轮到我打扫教室的了。9. If it were not forIf it were not for your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。学科网（北京）股份有限公司