动词和短语动词课件- 高三英语二轮复习.pptx

一、及物动词与不及物动词一、及物动词与不及物动词1. 及物动词要求有宾语，不及物动词不需要宾及物动词要求有宾语，不及物动词不需要宾语。语。如：如： Please telephone this number if you require any further information. As long as youre happy, thats all that matters.2. 及物动词可以有双宾语，间接宾语常指人，及物动词可以有双宾语，间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物。直接宾语常指物。 一一些动些动词间接和词间接和直接宾语易位时需加直接宾语易位时需加to。 Please hand me that book. = Please hand that book to me. 一一些动些动词间接和词间接和直接宾语易位时需加直接宾语易位时需加for。 He bought his mother some flowers. = He bought some flowers for his mother. 一一些动词的间接宾语和直接宾语很少易位些动词的间接宾语和直接宾语很少易位。 The project is still causing him a lot of problems.3. 及物动词可以有复合宾语。及物动词可以有复合宾语。如：如： He calls himself a writer even though he hasnt had anything published!4. 只有及物动词可用于被动语态中。只有及物动词可用于被动语态中。如：如： The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively.5. 许多动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。许多动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如：如： She was found several hours later, wandering the streets, lost. We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. 6. 一些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动一些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动的意思，这时主语往往是物。的意思，这时主语往往是物。如：如： The book sold well and was reprinted many times. This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 二二、常见的短语动常见的短语动词：词：1. 动词动词+介词介词 “动词动词+介词介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语动词，后面跟宾语。如：如： account for, allow for, arrive at / in, burst into, come across, deal with, depend / rely on, dream of, go for, hear from, insist on, laugh at, lead to, listen to, look at, run into, stand for, set about, wait for等等。2. 动词动词+副词副词1) 用作及物动词。用作及物动词。常用短语动词有常用短语动词有： add up, bring up, carry out, figure out, get across, knock down, put out, sort out, take up, take over, turn on, turn over, win back 等等。2) 用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词。常用短语动词有常用短语动词有： break down, break out, come up, die away, get up, get around, go ahead, move off, run away, sit down, tune out, watch out 等。等。3. 动词动词+名词名词+介词介词。常用短常用短语动语动词有：词有： catch sight of, give thought to, keep pace with, lose focus on, make friends with, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take charge of, take interest in等等。4. 动词动词+副词副词+介词介词。常常用短语动用短语动词有：词有： come up to, date back to, get away with, keep up with, look down on, put up with, run out of等。等。动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年试题中动词所是难点，每年均为重点。历年试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：1. 动词词义辨析。动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _ on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split2. 动词短语辨析。动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词动词+副词副词+介词介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：高的词有：get, turn, make, put, go, give, break, cut, come, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pull, catch, call, take等。等。除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短短语语)的新义和引申义，如：的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光，抛光， 磨磨光光修正，文修正，文饰饰; sniff嗅，嗅，闻闻鄙视地鄙视地说说; break down发生故障，失灵，失发生故障，失灵，失效效坍坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止止; look into向里面向里面看看调查，研调查，研究，浏览；究，浏览；work out解解决，决， 算出，制订算出，制订出；锻炼。出；锻炼。Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor. A. held out B. brought outC. picked out D. given out3. 考查无关联的动词辨析考查无关联的动词辨析应应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。看哪个选项符合题意。Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download4. 考查动词搭配考查动词搭配考考查常见动词的固定搭配。查常见动词的固定搭配。See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。1. Theres also an area on the rooftop for _ (与与闲逛闲逛) other travelers during the summer. (2021新新高考高考I)2. Mr Tittertons job is to _ (坐坐在在旁边旁边) the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. (2021新高考新高考I)hanging out withsit beside3. When the explorers first _ (踏踏足于足于) the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. (2021新新高考高考I)4. In our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to _ (集中注意力集中注意力). (2021全全国国乙乙)set foot uponfocus5. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help _ (迫使迫使) big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (2021全全国国乙乙)6. How attached are you to your landline (座机座机)? How long until they _ (走走上上与与相同之路相同之路) gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (2021全全国国乙乙)pressurego the way of3. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. (2020全全国国I)4. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us. (2020全国全国III)onsure改错。改错。1. Who will you go in times of trouble? 2. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. (2021全国甲全国甲)to单项选择。单项选择。1. There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _ garbage in a short time. (2020江苏江苏) A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify2. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _ a new generation of virtual reality. (2020江苏江苏) A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating forDA3. I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother _ him. (2020天津天津) A. drank a toast to B. played a joke on C. kept an eye on D. made an apology toC4. We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she _, saying that she felt like walking. (2020天津天津) A. understood B. accepted C. compromised D. declinedD5. We cant _ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesnt work. (2020天津天津) A. take up B. carry out C. keep on D. put offD6. More wind power station will _ to meet the demand for clean energy. (2019江江苏苏) A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up7. Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying. (2019天天津津) A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep offDC8. At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _ as she was so confident about her skills. A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up9. It took him a long time to _ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A. display B. acquire C. teach D. testABI. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下列句子。选用括号内合适的内容完成下列句子。1. I _ (borrowed, lent) my CD player to Dave three days ago and I havent got it back yet.2. Id stay if they promoted me, but I cant see that _ (appearing, happening).3. He has been _ (troubled, disturbed) by a knee injury for most of the season.4. My boss is very old-fashioned and Im having a lot of trouble _ (considering, selling) the idea of working at home.lenthappeningtroubledselling5. He was obviously quite embarrassed about it because he _ (forbade, allowed) me to tell anyone.6. Its impossible to _ (obtain, evaluate) these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.7. Im sorry, but we cannot _ (delay, guarantee) the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.8. Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the knowledge she _ (acquired, spread) to trainee teachers.forbadeevaluateguaranteeacquiredII. 用合适的短语动词并用其正确形式填空。用合适的短语动词并用其正确形式填空。1. The company hasnt made the announcement officially yet, but the news that youre being promoted is _.2. I had to _ my wedding because my wife-to-be went to Wuhan to help fight COVID-19.3. In his report, Michael _ his plans for the department and was supported by most of the audience.work out, set out, put off, get around, get acrossgetting aroundput offset out4. Wow, you have a really good figure! Do you _ often?5. I spoke slowly, but my meaning didnt _.work out, set out, put off, get around, get acrosswork outget acrossIII. 完成短文。完成短文。Arealize, arrange, land, arrive at, get on, get off, turn back, break down, check in, take offJohn and Davids flight home from Amsterdam was at nine in the morning. They had 1. _ to meet with Johns friend Mark at half past six, but Mark 2. _ the hotel almost half an hour late that, however, was just the beginning of their problems.arrangedarrived atrealize, arrange, land, arrive at, get on, get off, turn back, break down, check in, take offOn the way from the hotel to the airport, their car 3. _ in the middle of a busy road, causing a traffic jam. Then, David 4. _ that he had left his glasses in the hotel, but it was too late for them to 5. _. When they arrived at the airport, they had just enough time to 6. _, go through passport control and the security check and 7. _ the plane.broke downrealizedturn backcheck inget onrealize, arrange, land, arrive at, get on, get off, turn back, break down, check in, take offThe plane 8. _ very shortly after that and eight hours later, they 9. _ in New York, but they couldnt 10. _ the plane because there was a problem on the runway. Finally, forty minutes after landing, the problem was solved.took offlandedget offBrequire, interrupt, look at, talk to, lead to, depend on, tune out, lose focus on, give thought to, pay attention toThe first step to communicate well is to listen well. Listening is an active process in which we need to listen and think about what others are saying to us at the same time. The proper balance between listening and speaking varies 1. _ who we are talking with. Family members and old friends constantly 2. _ each other and can sometimes forget all the so-called rules when theyre together. depending oninterruptrequire, interrupt, look at, talk to, lead to, depend on, tune out, lose focus on, give thought to, pay attention to3. _ a boss or professor is another thing entirely.All kinds of situations in life 4. _ some judgment regarding how much to talk. 5. _ the matter when youre not in the heat of a conversation can be helpful. Do you notice that you are 6. _ when someone else is speaking? requireTalking toGiving thought totuning outrequire, interrupt, look at, talk to, lead to, depend on, tune out, lose focus on, give thought to, pay attention toDo you tend to 7. _ your phone a lot when others are talking to you? These are important questions to start asking yourself, if you havent already, to get a better sense of how good your listening skills are.In a world full of distractions (使人分心的事使人分心的事物物), it can be easy to 8. _ the person or people in front of you. look atlose focus onrequire, interrupt, look at, talk to, lead to, depend on, tune out, lose focus on, give thought to, pay attention toBeing mindful of how well you listen to others will be an important consideration throughout your life. Listening and 9. _ others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will 10. _ deeper and better relationships. Youll also probably learn a lot more about your friends by actively listening to them.paying attention tolead to