英语四级语法基础精品文稿.ppt

英语四级语法基础第1页，本讲稿共111页英语四级语法（基础）o英语句子的拆分：oThis trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the special demands that a government wants to make of its scientific departments can not be predicted in detail.第2页，本讲稿共111页英语译群的基本形式：o主谓宾结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+宾语（名词）o例句：I speak English.o主谓修饰结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+修饰语（形容词，副词，状语，被动态等）o例句：He looks cool.o Tom runs fast.o He stayed at home.o I was beaten.第3页，本讲稿共111页英语句子的组成o英语的复合句都是由数个短意群组成的：oYou are the girl who Im looking for.第4页，本讲稿共111页谓语以及非谓语oFinishing the homework,Tom wanted to watch TV.第5页，本讲稿共111页动词的时态过去现在将来一般一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时进行过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时完成过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时第6页，本讲稿共111页一般过去时o动词的变化1：+edoEx.They watched that movie yesterday.o动词的变化2：+iedoEx.try triedo动词的变化3：不规则变化oEx.is was第7页，本讲稿共111页一般现在时o第三人称单数：+s 结尾是s,x,sh,ch的话，+eso表示规律发生的动作：Tom reads newspaper every night.表示客观规律：The sun rises from the east.第8页，本讲稿共111页进行时：o动词变化：be+动词现在分词（+ing）o现在进行时:They are having a picnic.o过去进行时：They were having a picnic.第9页，本讲稿共111页完成时：o动词变化：have(had)+动词过去分词o现在完成时：I have finished my homework so that I can play football now.o过去完成时：I had finished my homework until my mother came back.第10页，本讲稿共111页意群的类型：o主谓宾结构：I speak English.o主谓(修)结构：Tom runs fast.第11页，本讲稿共111页冠词：oa,an,the:oAt same time,educational researchers have come up with innovative teaching strategies for kids.第12页，本讲稿共111页修饰语：（形容词与副词）o形容词：There is still a new subject.There is something new.o副词：The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five years.第13页，本讲稿共111页修饰语：副词o副词修饰动词：He can take photos very well.o副词修饰形容词：Your English is extremely good.o副词修饰副词：I push the door very hard.第14页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构）oOne difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to judge behavior by states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature and so on.第15页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构）oThe role of natural selection in evolution was studied only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized.第16页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oTheir improved intelligence,so vital to their old hunting life,were put to a new use.第17页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oIt is generally recognized,however,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent.第18页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oIt is generally recognized,however,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent.第19页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oFortunately,he survived the accident.第20页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oBut that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine combination.第21页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oIn the early industrialized countries of Europe,the process of industrialization,with all the important changes in social patterns,has maintained for nearly a century.第22页，本讲稿共111页短译群中的修饰语（插入语）oThe existence of giant clouds was virtually important for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its dominant position.第23页，本讲稿共111页谓语及非谓语的区别oThis trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the special demands that a government wants to make of its scientific departments can not be predicted in detail.第24页，本讲稿共111页各种短译群oThis trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the special demands that a government wants to make of its scientific departments can not be predicted in detail.第25页，本讲稿共111页从句的结构o主句 +引导词（连词）+从句You are the girl who Im looking for.第26页，本讲稿共111页各种从句的引导词：o名词性从句：o关系代词：what,which,who,whatever,whichever,whoevero连接副词：where,when,why,how,whether,if,that 第27页，本讲稿共111页名词性从句o特点：引导词需要在主句当中充当成分，去掉引导词之后主句部分不完整。oIts quite hard to say whether he will win the game.第28页，本讲稿共111页名词性从句o主语从句：oWhen he will come here is still unknown.o宾语从句：oWe still dont know when he will come here.第29页，本讲稿共111页名词性从句o关系代词：oWhat the parents really care about is the quality of education.o从属连词：oWhen he will come here is still unknown.第30页，本讲稿共111页名词性从句o从属连词：owhere,when,why,how,whether,ifo从属连词that:oThe captain ordered that everyone should abandon the ship immediately.第31页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oYou are the girl who Im looking for.o特点：1.从句成分不完整 2.先行词必须在从句当中充当一个成分 3.引导词不充当任何成分且没有意义 第32页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oFurthermore,human have the ability to modify the environment which they live in.第33页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oIn Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.第34页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oPearson has collected the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.第35页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oIt assumes that there is an agreed opinion of human rights,which is something the world does not have.第36页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oBehavior science is that branch of social science which seeks to study human and their behavior in the same reasoned,orderly,and systematic way that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.第37页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（同位语从句）oThis trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments can not be foreseen in detail.第38页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的书写oThe medical researchers were painfully aware that there are many problems _.(他们至今仍没找到答案。)第39页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译（定语从句）oWe have got the information thata.youre looking for.b.Liu Xiang was hurt.第40页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的书写oWe can tell a lot of stories about those _.(毕生致力于诗歌的人)第41页，本讲稿共111页状语从句的书写oOur years of hardwork are all in vain,_.(更不要提我们所花费的大量金钱了)第42页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的书写oThe treatment and prevention of AIDS is the area _.(我们能够合作的领域)第43页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的书写oHe designed the bridge,which _.(完美的结合了美观以及实用)第44页，本讲稿共111页复合从句的引导词 They may find many _ differ in race,religion and ethnic background.A.that B.people C.friend D.who第45页，本讲稿共111页复合从句引导词They can always go back or go on tosomething new _ is better and higher than the past.A.which B.that C.what D.when第46页，本讲稿共111页复合从句引导词But a bird has a single alarm cry,_means“danger”.A.what B.which C.that D.this第47页，本讲稿共111页复合从句的引导词The belief _ the more schooling people have,the more money they will make when they leave school is widespread in the United States.A.which B.where C.that D.when第48页，本讲稿共111页复合从句的引导词We had rented a cottage on a river in the heart of the country _ the whole family was going to spend the three week holiday.A.where B.that C.which D.when第49页，本讲稿共111页复合从句的引导词They generally go to places _ the scenery is beautiful and the air is clean.A.where B.that C.when D.when第50页，本讲稿共111页复合从句引导词It was in Paris _ I first met her.A.where B.that C.what D.when第51页，本讲稿共111页复合从句引导词It was him _ your complaint shouldbe made.A.who B.that C.what D.when第52页，本讲稿共111页状语从句的阅读oWe are thankful to them because some of these languages have since disappeared,as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.第53页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o地点状语：o介词：in,on,at,behind,beside,above,over,in front of,except,besides,among,between,within,below,under,to,in the front of,near,along第54页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句oon 与 over:He put his watch on the table.There is a bridge over the river.第55页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句oexcept 与 besides In United States,professors have many other duties _ teaching,such as administrative and research work.第56页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句oin 与 to Shanghai is in the east of China.Japan lies to the east of China.第57页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o among 与 between第58页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句oin front of 与 in the front of There are some flowers in front of the house.There are some flowers in the front of the house.第59页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o地点状语：o连词：where,wherever 第60页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o时间状语：o介词：in,on,at,before,after,since,for,from,during第61页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o时间状语：in,on 与 at in表在一段时间中 on精确到某一天 at精确到某个时间点tips：at Christmas,at night,in the morning/evening 第62页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o时间状语o连词：when,while,as,till,until第63页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句otill 与 until I was doing my homework till my mother came back.I didnt do my homework until my mother came back.第64页，本讲稿共111页状语从句的书写oThe anti-virus agent was not known _.(直到一名医生偶尔发现了它)第65页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句owhen 与 as _ it turned out,it was an Italian movie.第66页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o原因状语：o介词：because of,thanks to第67页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o原因状语：o连词：because,for,as,since,seeing that,now that,in that so,therefore,thus第68页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o目的状语：o介词：in case of,in order to,for第69页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o目的状语：o连词：in case,in order that,lest,so that,for fear that第70页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o结果状语：o连词：so that ,such that He is so good that everybody likes him.He is such a good student that everybody likes him.第71页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o让步状语o介词：in spite of第72页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o让步状语：o连词：though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that,despite that第73页，本讲稿共111页例题：oIve never understood why they give you so much popcorn!It tasted pretty good,54.54.A.tooB.though C.stillD.certainly 第74页，本讲稿共111页例题：oIts not that I have any expertise in immigration policy,48 I have one,the American version.48.A.because B.since C.but D.as 第75页，本讲稿共111页例题：o52 it helped England become the centre of industrialization,its not enough.52.A.Although B.Besides C.And D.Even 第76页，本讲稿共111页例题：oThe most important conclusion that emerges from the data,50,is not something that we found.50.A.yet B.still C.moreover D.however 第77页，本讲稿共111页例题：o51 they get the answers,they are just guessing.51.A.Even B.Though C.Therefore D.So第78页，本讲稿共111页例题：oHuman are extremely sensitive to smells,47 we do not realize it.47.A.though B.but C.thus D.when第79页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o条件状语：o连词：if,unless,when,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that A trademark can be renewed for another decade as _ as the user continues.A.soon B.far C.long D.fast第80页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o方式状语：o介词：in,by,with,through,via,as第81页，本讲稿共111页从句的翻译Please _.（按以下地址与我们取得联系）第82页，本讲稿共111页从句的翻译Our efforts will pay off if _.（我们的成果能用来开发新的技术）第83页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句o伴随状语从句 Finishing the homework,I went to play football.第84页，本讲稿共111页伴随状语从句oFollowed by a dog,I was walking on the grass.第85页，本讲稿共111页状语与状语从句：o_ with the place where I was born,this town is more exciting.第86页，本讲稿共111页状语从句的阅读oCreating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which make up the connecting web of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.第87页，本讲稿共111页动词分词作后置定语 Additional social stress may also occur because of the problems arising from mass migration movements,themselves made relatively easy by means of modern transportation.第88页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的书写oOlder adults who have a higher level of daily activities have more energy and _.(与那些不运动的人相比较低的死亡率)第89页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气的书写oThe victim _ if he had been sent to the hospital in time.(本有机会活下来的)第90页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气的书写oIf _.(你当时听从了我的建议的话，那么你现在就不会陷入麻烦了)第91页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气If all the places _ the same,therewould not be need of the geographers.A.are B.were C.was D.would be 第92页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气The professor demanded that _.（我们要在下周三之前递交报告）第93页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气The general issued the order that _.（军队必须立即撤离）第94页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气But for the mobile phone,ourcommunication _.（我们的通讯就不会如此方便快捷）第95页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气If only _.（要是我会说几种不同的语言就好了）第96页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气Had I known that information,I would not have bought that stock.第97页，本讲稿共111页虚拟语气Should it rain,_.（农作物就有救了）第98页，本讲稿共111页倒装句的书写o_ his application form.(直到截止日他才寄出)第99页，本讲稿共111页倒装句的书写o_ since that accident.(他们之间从来没有再说过话)第100页，本讲稿共111页倒装句的书写oOnly in this place _.(他才感到安全和宁静)第101页，本讲稿共111页倒装句的书写oThe witness was told that under no circumstance _.(他都不该向法庭说谎)第102页，本讲稿共111页倒装句的书写oYoung _,she has experienced a lot.(虽然她还很年轻)第103页，本讲稿共111页倒装语句I shall define him as the individual who has selected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinkingin a Socratic way about human problem.第104页，本讲稿共111页倒装语句的阅读oOn the other hand,he did not accept as reasonable the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.第105页，本讲稿共111页并列结构的阅读oHe came to believe in a kind of linguistic determinism which states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce important consequences for the culture of a society.第106页，本讲稿共111页修饰语的翻译oThe emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.第107页，本讲稿共111页并列结构的阅读oUntil these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and the only way to solve our problems.第108页，本讲稿共111页比较结构的阅读oBut scientists primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to devote his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.第109页，本讲稿共111页否定结构的阅读o部分否定：oEverybody does not believe the news.oAll that glitters is not gold.第110页，本讲稿共111页否定结构的阅读o否定转移：oI dont think you are right.o（1）否定谓语变成否定状语：oThis woman didnt come here for help.oHe doesnt study in the classroom.o(2)否定主句变否定从句：oShe didnt come here because she wanted to see me.第111页，本讲稿共111页