新编大学英语第四册Unit3GenderDifferences课件.ppt

Unit ThreeGender Differences Gender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women.These include such things as differences in hair styles,clothing,family responsibilities,occupational roles,acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits.All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.Gender DifferencesScan the differences between men and women.Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get.Do you know that?Click the picture to get the answer1.suffer more illnesses 2.have a higher rate of colorblindness 3.have a larger brain 4.are more likely to have a heart attack5.have more fears6.live longer7.like diamond shapes8.miss more workWho will do the following things,man or woman?Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man and woman?Pay$200 for a$100 item needed.Pay$100 for a$200 item arent needed.Worries about the future until gets the other oneNever worries about the future until gets the other oneOne who makes more money than the other can spend.The one who has the last word in any argument.The one who says Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument.One who can find such a person.Tobehappywithaman,youmustunderstandhimalotandlovehimlittle.Tobehappywithawoman,youmustloveheralotandnottrytounderstandheratall.Man and WomanAwomanmarriesamanexpectinghewillchange,buthedoesnt.Amanmarriesawomanexpectingthatshewontchange,andshedoes.Womenlovecats.Mensaytheylovecats,butwhenwomenarentlooking,menkickcats.Awomanknowsallaboutherchildren,bestfriends,favoritefoods,secretfearsandhopesanddreams.Amanisvaguelyawareofsomeshortpeoplelivinginthehouse.Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife:Ideal husband1)tall,handsome and strong 2)capable of supporting a familyIdeal wife 1)beautiful and healthy 2)warm-heartedIdeal Wife and Ideal HusbandDirections:Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)Fromyourpointofview,whatarethecharacteristicsoftheidealwifeandtheidealhusband?2)Wouldtheidealwifeandtheidealhusbandhavebeendifferentinyourparentsgenerationandinyourgrandparentsgeneration?Ifso,how?In-Class ReadingGender Roles from a Cultural Gender Roles from a Cultural PerspectivePerspectiveIthasbeenprovenrepeatedlythattheIthasbeenprovenrepeatedlythatthevarioustypesofbehavior,emotionsandvarioustypesofbehavior,emotionsandintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture.heredityandculture.Introduction(Para.1)TeachersTeachers calledcalled onon malesmales inin classclass farfar moremorethanonfemalestudents.(Para.2)thanonfemalestudents.(Para.2)Development(Para.2-4)TeachersTeachersassignedassignedboysboysandandgirlsgirlsdifferentdifferenttaskstasksaccordingtostereotypedgenderroles.(Para.3)accordingtostereotypedgenderroles.(Para.3)Gender-biasedGender-biasededucationeducationisisalsoalsoreflectedreflectedininthethetypicaltypicalAmericanAmericanteachersteachersassumptionassumptionthatthatboysboyswillwill dodo betterbetter inin sciencescience subjectssubjects whilewhile girlsgirlstendtend toto havehave betterbetter verbalverbal andand readingreading skills.skills.(Para.4)(Para.4)ThereisaculturalbiasineducationthatfavorsboysThereisaculturalbiasineducationthatfavorsboysovergirls.overgirls.EducationalbiasbeginsathomeandEducationalbiasbeginsathomeanddevelopsatschool,whichinturnreinforcesdevelopsatschool,whichinturnreinforcesitsestablishedvaluesandturnsouteachitsestablishedvaluesandturnsouteachgenderinitstraditionalandexpectedmold.genderinitstraditionalandexpectedmold.Conclusion(Para.5)句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用 Overthepastfewdecades,ithasbeenproveninnumerable times that the various types ofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhatconstitute being masculine and feminine arepatternedbybothheredityandculture.(Line(Line 1)1)Ithasbeenproven(innumerabletimes)that,被（无数次）证明被（无数次）证明译译译译 文文文文ExampleExample现现已证明已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。吸烟可以引起很多疾病。Nowithasbeenproventhatsmokingcancausemanydiseases.已已经经无无数数次次地地证证实实感感冒冒不不是是由由于于受受到到非非常常恶恶劣劣天天气气的影响造成的。的影响造成的。Ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatcoldsarenotcausedbybeingsubjectedtoverybadweather.宇宙在增大的说法宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了已经被证实了。IthasbeenproventhatIthasbeenproventhattheuniverseistheuniverseisexpanding.expanding.patternpatternn.n.模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案ee.g.Sentencepatterns.g.Sentencepatterns句型；句型；句型；句型；livingpatternslivingpatterns生活方式；生活方式；生活方式；生活方式；他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。HeHepatternedpatternedhimselfafteramanheadmired.himselfafteramanheadmired.他他的的女女子子气气是是小小时时候候他他母母亲亲经经常常把把他他打打扮扮成成小小姑姑娘娘和他常和小女孩玩耍和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果的结果。HisfemininityHisfemininityispatternedbyispatternedbyhismotheralwayshismotheralwaysdressinghimlikeagirlandhisplayingwithgirlsindressinghimlikeagirlandhisplayingwithgirlsinhischildhood.hischildhood.ExampleExamplev.v.formformthethecharacter,character,qualities,qualities,etc.,etc.,(of(ofoneself)oneself)bycopyingbycopying形成形成形成形成的性格的性格的性格的性格/品质，学品质，学品质，学品质，学的样的样的样的样 Overthepastfewdecades,ithasbeenproveninnumerable times that the various types ofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhatconstitute being masculine and feminine arepatternedbybothheredityandculture.(Line(Line 1)1)译译译译文文文文在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了证实了这样这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是是遗传又是文化熏陶遗传又是文化熏陶的结果的结果。InInthetheprocessprocessofof growinggrowingup,up,eacheachchildchildlearnslearnshundredshundreds ofof culturallyculturally patternedpatterned detailsdetails ofofbehaviorbehavior thatthat becomebecome incorporatedincorporated intointo itsitsgenderidentity.genderidentity.(Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译 文文文文句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用intheprocessof在在的过程中的过程中ExampleExample在在适适应应陌陌生生人人习习惯惯的的过过程程中中，在在校校大大学学生生可可以以学学会会如何应变去适应新情况。如何应变去适应新情况。Intheprocessofadaptingtoastrangershabits,undergraduatestudentscanlearnhowtochangetosuitnewconditions.在在城城市市建建设设和和开开发发的的过过程程中中，对对周周围围环环境境的的破破坏坏真的不可避免吗？真的不可避免吗？Isthedestructionofsurroundingsreallyunavoidableintheprocessofcitybuildinganddeveloping?be/becomeincorporatedintobe/becomeincorporatedinto 合并成合并成合并成合并成他们已经把她的建议他们已经把她的建议纳入纳入他们的新计划中。他们的新计划中。TheyTheyincorporatedincorporatedhersuggestionshersuggestionsintointotheirtheirnewplan.newplan.这个小商行已经这个小商行已经并入了并入了一家大公司。一家大公司。ThesmallfirmThesmallfirmhashas pany.ExampleExample InInthetheprocessprocessofof growinggrowingup,up,eacheachchildchildlearnslearnshundredshundreds ofof culturallyculturally patternedpatterned detailsdetails ofofbehaviorbehavior thatthat becomebecome incorporatedincorporated intointo itsitsgenderidentitygenderidentity.(Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译文文文文在成长的过程中在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举，每个孩子学会了各种行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，烙印，成为成为他们他们性别特征的一部分性别特征的一部分。InsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopInsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatthatareareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysare,are,girlsarefilledwithgirlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidefearsoftheworldoutsidethehomethehomeandwithandwiththedesiretothedesiretobeapprovedofbeapprovedof fortheir“goodness”andfortheir“goodness”andobediencetoobediencetorules.rules.(Line 54)(Line 54)译译译译 文文文文句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析 girlsarefilledwithandwith是全句是全句的主句的主句 insteadofbeingencouraged的主语的主语是是girls thatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰intellectualcuriosityandphysicalskills句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析 befilledwith有两个宾语，一个是有两个宾语，一个是 fearsofthe world outside the home,另另一一个个是是 desiretobeapprovedoffortheir“goodness”andobediencetorulesbeapprovedofsth.赞成，欣赏，赞成，欣赏，变成被动语态时不能省略变成被动语态时不能省略of approveapprove v.v.赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同；批准，通过；批准，通过；批准，通过；批准，通过这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同ThisproposalThisproposalwasapprovedofwasapprovedofbyMr.FosteratthebyMr.Fosteratthemeeting.meeting.数数月月的的迟迟疑疑不不定定后后，市市长长办办公公室室最最终终批批准准了了建建新新医医院的计划。院的计划。Aftermonthsofindecision,themayorsofficehasAftermonthsofindecision,themayorsofficehasfinallyfinallyapprovedapprovedtheplansforanewhospital.theplansforanewhospital.ExampleExampleobediencetosb.(sth.)obediencetosb.(sth.)(名词短语名词短语名词短语名词短语)服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）他要求下级他要求下级服从服从他。他。HedemandedHedemandedobedienceobediencefromhisinferiors.fromhisinferiors.奴隶们不得不奴隶们不得不服从服从他们的主人。他们的主人。Theslavesgave/showedpassiveTheslavesgave/showedpassiveobediencetoobediencetotheirmaster.theirmaster.ExampleExample孩孩子子们们对对于于强强壮壮的的父父亲亲很很顺顺从从，却却在在操操持持家家务务的的母母亲面前很调皮。亲面前很调皮。ChildrenChildren areare obedientobedient toto a a strongstrong father,father,butbutnaughtywithadomesticmother.naughtywithadomesticmother.译译译译文文文文女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和惧和因优良品格和服从服从精神精神得到赞同得到赞同的欲望。的欲望。InsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopInsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysare,girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsideare,girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidethehomeandwiththedesiretothehomeandwiththedesiretobeapprovedofbeapprovedof fortheir“goodness”andfortheir“goodness”andobediencetoobediencetorules.rules.(Line 54)(Line 54)难难难难句句句句分分分分析析析析TheselessonsTheselessonscarryovercarryoverfromthehometothefromthehometotheclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobeclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobemoredependentmoredependentontheteacher,ontheteacher,moreconcernedmoreconcerned withtheformandneatnessoftheirworkwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanthanwithwithitscontent,anditscontent,andmoremore anxiousanxiousaboutbeing“right”aboutbeing“right”intheiranswersintheiranswersthanthaninbeingintellectuallyinbeingintellectuallyindependent,analytical,ororiginal.independent,analytical,ororiginal.(Line58)(Line58)句句中中“whereororiginal”是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰前前面面主主句句中中的的名名词词“classroom”。其其中中“tobemoremore.,andmoreoriginal”是是并并列列的的主主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。译译译译 文文文文句句型型more（adj.）than用用于于比比较较两两个个事事物物，比比更加（更加（）ExampleExample知知道道如如何何学学习习比比只只记记住住一一些些事事实实或或一一个个公公式式总总是是要要重要得多重要得多。ItisalwaysItisalwaysmoreimportantmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudytoknowhowtostudybyoneselfbyoneselfthanthantoremembersomefactsoratoremembersomefactsoraformula.formula.我我认认为为先先找找个个工工作作干干一一、两两年年要要比比直直接接继继续续深深造造更有益更有益。IthinkthattakingajobforayearortwoisIthinkthattakingajobforayearortwoismoremorebeneficialthanbeneficialthancontinuingmyeducationdirectly.continuingmyeducationdirectly.carryovercarryover（使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把从一个范从一个范从一个范从一个范围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围文章文章转入转入下一页。下一页。TheThe articlearticle carriescarries overover onon toto thethe nextnextpage.page.这这个个习习惯惯是是从从他他的的童童年年时代时代保留下来保留下来的。的。ThehabitThehabitcarriesovercarriesover fromhischildhood.fromhischildhood.ExampleExampleTheselessonsTheselessonscarryovercarryoverfromthehometothefromthehometotheclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobeclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobemoredependentmoredependentontheteacher,ontheteacher,moreconcernedmoreconcerned withtheformandneatnessoftheirworkwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanthanwithwithitscontent,anditscontent,andmoremore anxiousanxiousaboutbeing“right”aboutbeing“right”intheiranswersintheiranswersthanthaninbeingintellectuallyinbeingintellectuallyindependent,analytical,ororiginal.independent,analytical,ororiginal.(Line58)(Line58)译译译译文文文文这类教诲从家庭一直这类教诲从家庭一直延续延续到课堂。于是，在课堂到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖更依赖教师，教师，更注重更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎更在乎她们所给的她们所给的答案是否答案是否“正确正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。gender(n.)(tittle)the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别性别 （强调社会性别）（强调社会性别）请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise_shouldnotbeignoredintodayssociety.性别不平等性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。Sometimes_willresultinsomesocialproblems.有时候有时候性别差异性别差异会导致一些社会问题会导致一些社会问题。genderdifferencesGenderinequality同同义词义词比比较较 sex(line 20,Para.2)n.the condition of being either male or female;the set of all male or female people 性别性别,男性或女性男性或女性（强调生理性别）（强调生理性别）malesexmalesex男性男性TranslationTranslation请在请在性别性别一栏填代表男性的字母一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性或代表女性的字母的字母”F”。Inthespacemarked“sex”,putan“M”formaleoran“F”forfemale.femalesexfemalesex女性女性相关词语相关词语相关词语相关词语masculine(line 2,Para.1)adj.relating to or being considered typical of men,in contrast to women 有阳有阳刚刚之气的，有男子特点的之气的，有男子特点的feminine(line 3,Para.1)adj.having qualities that are considered to be typical of women,especially by being gentle,delicate,and pretty 阴柔的，阴柔的，妇妇女女(似似)的；的；娇娇柔的柔的male(line 23,Para.2)adj.男性的；雄性的男性的；雄性的n.男人；雄性动物男人；雄性动物female(line 23,Para.2)adj.女性的；雌性的女性的；雌性的n.女子；雌性动物女子；雌性动物ExerciseExerciseThegirlisrather_inappearance.masculineTodaydiscriminationTodaydiscrimination(歧视歧视歧视歧视)against_against_job-seekersstillexists.job-seekersstillexists.femaleAsweknow,_animalsaremoreAsweknow,_animalsaremoreaggressiveunderattack.aggressiveunderattack.male请用请用 masculine，feminine,male 或或 female 填空。填空。_educationneedsmoresocialconcern._educationneedsmoresocialconcern.Feminine1.to form or make up;be 组成，构成；形成，成为组成，构成；形成，成为 1)the 50 states that constitute USA2)Your attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority.2.to formally establish or appoint 制定，设立；任命制定，设立；任命Governments should be constituted by the will ofthe people.constitute v.(line 2)辨析comprise辨析comprise1.+n.to consist of(parts)包含，包括包含，包括1)The United Kingdom comprises England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland.2)a commission of inquiry comprising three eminent judges and three members of the public2.(of parts)to form 组成组成Fifteen separate publics comprised the Soviet Union.Tobecontinued试比较下列用法：试比较下列用法：1)The United Kingdom consists of/is composed of/comprises England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland.2)England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland constitute/comprise the United Kingdom.to unite(one thing)with something else already in existence 结合；合并；收编结合；合并；收编1)incorporate the letter into her diary2)incorporate your suggestion into the new plan3)The small company is incorporated into Haier Group.incorporate into (line 5)其他用法incorporate with 合并合并Mr.Smiths company is incorporated with othersmall companies.bias(Line 13,Para.2)n.a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment 偏见，成见偏见，成见他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见偏见偏见偏见。Theycomplainedofbiasinthewaythenewspaperreportedtheincident.TranslationTranslationThatemployeeshouldbeevaluatedwithoutanybias.在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见偏见。相关相关词语词语 biased(line 21,Para.2)adj.preferring one person,thing,or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的偏袒一方的，有偏见的请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise_whowashisneighborsson.那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因。因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。IntheUnitedStates,almostallthenewsmedia_.在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个偏向某一个政党政党。arebiasedtowardsonepoliticalpartyortheotherThejudgewasbiasedinfavorofthethirdcandidateimpact(Line 24,Para.2)n.1)(+on