猪人工授精新技术.ppt

Title Goes HereOne or two lines as needed猪人工授精新技术猪人工授精新技术（美国南达科达州立大学供稿美国南达科达州立大学供稿）施学仕施学仕 博士博士美国大豆协会美国大豆协会-国际项目国际项目上海代表处上海代表处Training Boars for Semen Collection训练公猪进行采精训练公猪进行采精Select a person who is patient and enjoys working with animals.选择一个有耐心并乐于与动物相处的人选择一个有耐心并乐于与动物相处的人Begin training during the isolation process by building a trust between you and the boar.Spend a few minutes each day scratching,rubbing and talking with the boar.训练开始于训练开始于隔离过程中，这时要在操作者和公猪之间建立隔离过程中，这时要在操作者和公猪之间建立信任，每天花几分钟对公猪抓痒、擦拭和信任，每天花几分钟对公猪抓痒、擦拭和“对对话话”Boars vary in their rate of sexual development.Some 7 mo old boars are ready to be trained and others require 4-6 wks longer.不同公猪的性成熟速度各异，有些不同公猪的性成熟速度各异，有些7月龄的月龄的公猪就可投入训练，而另一些可能要晚公猪就可投入训练，而另一些可能要晚46周周才行。才行。Training Boars(cont)公猪训练公猪训练(续续)Provide a clean,dry,well lighted area free of distractions.A breeding mat helps provide footing.A boar that slips during mounting may be shy about attempting it again.训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上训练场地应该清洁、干燥、光照良好且无干扰。地上铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑铺上一个防滑垫可有助于公猪站稳，公猪在爬跨时滑倒会羞于再次爬跨倒会羞于再次爬跨倒会羞于再次爬跨倒会羞于再次爬跨。Keep the area about 8 x 10 ft,so that the boar is focused.训练区域大小应在训练区域大小应在训练区域大小应在训练区域大小应在810810英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中英尺左右，以便公猪能够集中精力。精力。精力。精力。If possible,collect a previously trained boar first.The odor and sound may stimulate the“rookie”if he is located next to the collection area.如有可能如有可能如有可能如有可能,先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪先对先前接受了训练的公猪采精。令新公猪站在近旁站在近旁站在近旁站在近旁,采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激采精时的气味和声响会对新公猪产生刺激Adjust the dummyso that it is equal to or slightly lower than the boar being trained.调整假母猪的高度，调整假母猪的高度，使其等于或略高于训练公猪的高度。使其等于或略高于训练公猪的高度。Plan for short training sessions(15-20 min).Some boars may mount the dummy immediately but others may want to explore the pen and dummy for several session.每次每次训练时间应该短些训练时间应该短些(15 20分钟分钟)。有些。有些公猪会立即爬跨假母猪，而有些公猪在开公猪会立即爬跨假母猪，而有些公猪在开始几次训练中只是探究猪圈和假母猪。始几次训练中只是探究猪圈和假母猪。Training Boars(cont)公猪训练公猪训练(续续)Some boars require coaxing.Crouchdown near the dummy,allow the boar to smell your hand and clothes and talk in a reassuring tone.Try pouring semen from a previous collection on the dummy.对有些公猪需要哄骗。要在假母猪对有些公猪需要哄骗。要在假母猪旁边蹲下，让公猪嗅闻你的手和衣服，采旁边蹲下，让公猪嗅闻你的手和衣服，采用使公猪安定的声调召唤公猪。用使公猪安定的声调召唤公猪。Keep the boar focused on the dummy.If needed,use winged gates to keep him in front of the dummy.要使公猪集中关注假母猪。需要时要使公猪集中关注假母猪。需要时可用可用winged gate使公猪呆在假母猪的前使公猪呆在假母猪的前面。面。Training Boars(cont)公猪训练公猪训练(续续)New Technologies新技术新技术Boar semen extenders公猪精液稀释剂公猪精液稀释剂Intra-uterine Insemination子宫内输精子宫内输精Sexing of boar semen公猪精液性别化公猪精液性别化Cloning and embryo transfer克隆和胚胎克隆和胚胎移植移植Reasons for developing new long-term boar semen extenders研制长效公猪精液稀释剂的原因研制长效公猪精液稀释剂的原因More favorable work hours in boar stud增加人工授精站的有效工时增加人工授精站的有效工时Reduction or elimination of weekend collections减少或避免周末采精减少或避免周末采精Reduced transportation cost of semen降低精液运输成本降低精液运输成本Testing of semen for PRRS before shipping/using semen可在精液运输可在精液运输/应用之前应用之前测试其是否受到猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒污染测试其是否受到猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒污染Longer storage life of延长精液储存时间延长精液储存时间Fewer discards at the farm减少猪场中精液浪费减少猪场中精液浪费New Long-Term Extenders新新的长效稀释剂的长效稀释剂Non-published formula未发表配方未发表配方Androhep EnduraGuardAndrohep EnduraGuardShelf-life is 9 days有效期有效期9天天Antibiotics抗生素抗生素SafeCell Plus SafeCell PlusShelf-life is 9 days有效期有效期9天天Liquid concentrated extender液态浓缩稀释剂液态浓缩稀释剂Specific blend of antibiotics与抗生素混合与抗生素混合Mulberry III Mulberry III Shelf-life is 7 to 14 days有效期有效期714天天Antibiotic抗生素抗生素Intra-uterine Insemination子宫内输精子宫内输精Intra-uterine“body”insemination(IUBI)子宫内输精子宫内输精(子宫体内输精子宫体内输精)Deep intra-uterine“horn”insemination(DIUHI)深部子宫内输深部子宫内输精精(子宫角内输精子宫角内输精)Suggested beneficial aspects of intra-uterine body AI:子宫体内输精的好处子宫体内输精的好处Less back-flow减少精液回流减少精液回流Fewer sperm cells per dose可减少每次输精可减少每次输精的精子数的精子数Smaller volume required可减少每次输精的精可减少每次输精的精液量液量Less time needed to inseminate可减少每次输可减少每次输精花费的时间精花费的时间Less boars will be needed to produce sperm cells公猪的头数公猪的头数Genetic cost will be lower?可降低种猪成本？可降低种猪成本？Percentage of sows inseminated that have backflow with traditional AI传统输精法的精液回流情况传统输精法的精液回流情况Time of backflow精液回流精液回流精液回流精液回流No.sows evaluated测试母猪数测试母猪数测试母猪数测试母猪数No.sows with backflow有回流母猪数有回流母猪数有回流母猪数有回流母猪数%of sows with backflow有回流母猪有回流母猪有回流母猪有回流母猪%During AI输精中输精中输精中输精中1207663.30 to.5 hr after AI输精后输精后输精后输精后00.5 小时小时11211098.2.5 to 2.5 hr after AI输精后输精后输精后输精后0.52.5 小时小时807897.5Stevernik et al.,Animal Reproduction Science 54:109-119,1998.Proportion of total volume(80 mL)that was lost during and after traditional Ai传统输精法传统输精法总输精量总输精量80毫升中毫升中输精中和输精后的损失比例输精中和输精后的损失比例Time of backflow回流时间回流时间回流时间回流时间No.sows evaluated测试母猪数测试母猪数测试母猪数测试母猪数Total volume lost,%损失量损失量损失量损失量%Average平均平均平均平均Range范围范围范围范围During AI输精中输精中输精中输精中767%1 to 56%0 to.5 hr after AI输精后输精后输精后输精后00.5 小时小时11031%3 to 76%.5 to 2.5 hr after AI输精后输精后输精后输精后0.52.5 小时小时7836%1 to 94%Stevernik et al.,Animal Reproduction Science 54:109-119,1998.8 inchesUterinebodyGoldenpigDeepGoldenpigIMV International子宫体子宫体子宫体子宫体深部深部深部深部GoldenpigGoldenpig输精管输精管输精管输精管GoldenpigGoldenpig输精管输精管输精管输精管8 8英寸英寸英寸英寸(20.32(20.32毫米毫米毫米毫米)Uterus is hostile to spermTraditionalplacement of sperm cells传统方法输传统方法输传统方法输传统方法输精法将精子精法将精子精法将精子精法将精子置于此处置于此处置于此处置于此处Intra-uterinebody placement of sperm cellsPhagocytosis细胞吞噬作用细胞吞噬作用细胞吞噬作用细胞吞噬作用Massive influx of polymorphonuclearLeucocytes at 30 minutes to 3 hours after spermatozoaenter uterine horn精子进入子宫精子进入子宫精子进入子宫精子进入子宫角后角后角后角后3030分钟到分钟到分钟到分钟到3 3小时，多形核白小时，多形核白小时，多形核白小时，多形核白细胞大量出现细胞大量出现细胞大量出现细胞大量出现子宫不利于精子宫不利于精子宫不利于精子宫不利于精子生存子生存子生存子生存新新新新方方方方法法法法将将将将精精精精子子子子置置置置于于于于子子子子宫宫宫宫体体体体内内内内Deep Intra-uterine Horn Insemination深部子宫角内输精深部子宫角内输精Surgical procedure外科手术法外科手术法Not practical for commercial use不适合用于商业目的不适合用于商业目的Fiber optic endoscope光纤内镜光纤内镜Not practical for commercial use不适合用于商业目的不适合用于商业目的Flexible catheter柔软导管柔软导管Used on non-sedated estrous sows用于非呆立发情的母猪用于非呆立发情的母猪Practical for commercial use适合用于商业目的适合用于商业目的FirFlex Catheter(Patented by University of Murcia)FirFlex输精管输精管输精管输精管(专利权专利权专利权专利权MurciaMurcia大学大学大学大学)Marketed in Europe by MAGAPOR(Spain,Portugal,Hungary)由由由由MAGAPORMAGAPOR公司在欧洲销售公司在欧洲销售公司在欧洲销售公司在欧洲销售(西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利西班牙，葡萄牙，匈牙利)Deep Intra-uterine“Horn”Artificial Insemination深部子宫角内输精深部子宫角内输精DNA differences between X-&Y-chromosome-bearingspermatozoaX精子和精子和Y精子之间的差异精子之间的差异Vole田鼠田鼠 12.5%Chinchilla南美栗鼠南美栗鼠 7.5%Sheep绵羊绵羊 4.2%Dog狗狗 3.9%Cattle牛牛 3.8%Elk麋鹿麋鹿 3.8%Horse马马 3.7%Pigs猪猪猪猪 3.6%Elephant象象象象 3.4%Camel骆驼骆驼骆驼骆驼 3.3%Rabbit兔兔兔兔 3.0%Human人人人人 2.8%Possum负鼠负鼠负鼠负鼠 2.3%Turkey火鸡火鸡火鸡火鸡 0.0%L.A.Johnson.Animal Reproduction Science 60-61:93-107,2000.L.A.Johnson.Reproduction,Fertility,and Development 7:893-903,1995.Current problems with sexing boar semen:公猪精液性别化中的问题公猪精液性别化中的问题Sorting process is too slow性别鉴定过程太慢性别鉴定过程太慢性别鉴定过程太慢性别鉴定过程太慢6 million per hour for X每小时每小时每小时每小时6 6百万个百万个百万个百万个X X精子精子精子精子6 million per hour for Y每小时每小时每小时每小时6 6百万个百万个百万个百万个Y Y精子精子精子精子11 million per hour when sorting for only X仅仅仅仅仅选择仅选择仅选择仅选择X X精子可达每小时精子可达每小时精子可达每小时精子可达每小时11001100万万万万Decreased reproductive performance降低繁殖性能降低繁殖性能Stimulating/Priming Uterus刺激刺激/敏化子宫敏化子宫Adding oxytocin to each dose of semen在每在每在每在每份精液中加入催产素份精液中加入催产素份精液中加入催产素份精液中加入催产素Adding prostaglandin to each dose of semen在每份精液中加入前列腺素在每份精液中加入前列腺素在每份精液中加入前列腺素在每份精液中加入前列腺素“Inserting”MR-A Predil prior to insemination输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品输精前加入人工合成的精浆制品MR-A Predil Mating gilts with sterile boar用不育的公猪与小用不育的公猪与小用不育的公猪与小用不育的公猪与小母猪交配母猪交配母猪交配母猪交配Inseminating gilts with dead semen用死精给用死精给用死精给用死精给小母猪输精小母猪输精小母猪输精小母猪输精Farrowing rate and number of piglets born alive per litter when oxytocin was injected prior to inseminating with“old”sperm cells.用老精子输精前注射催产素时用老精子输精前注射催产素时母猪的分娩率和窝产仔数母猪的分娩率和窝产仔数Treatment处理处理Farrowing rate,%分娩率分娩率(%)Litter size窝产仔数窝产仔数窝产仔数窝产仔数Sperm cells 72 hours of age大于大于大于大于7272时龄的精子时龄的精子时龄的精子时龄的精子68.2 a(n=55)9.4 aSperm cells 72 hours of age+oxytocin大于大于大于大于7272时龄的精子时龄的精子时龄的精子时龄的精子+催产素催产素催产素催产素85.2 b(n=59)10.1 bDifference差异差异差异差异17.00.7ab(P .05)W.L.Flowers,NSCU(BTS semen extenderBTS精液稀释剂精液稀释剂)Adding Lutalyse to a dose of semen increased farrowing rate and litter size在精液中加入律胎素可提高分娩率和窝产仔数在精液中加入律胎素可提高分娩率和窝产仔数Item项目项目Lutalyse律胎素律胎素Control对照对照Difference差异差异Number of sow&gilts母猪头数母猪头数1575155223Farrowing rate,%分娩率分娩率(%)83.8080.613.19Litter size窝产仔数窝产仔数10.1510.08.07FI85181338.5 to 1.0 mL Lutalyse(PGF2a)per dose of semen每份精液加入每份精液加入每份精液加入每份精液加入0.50.51.01.0毫升毫升毫升毫升律胎素律胎素律胎素律胎素(PGF2a，前列腺素前列腺素)MR-A Predil increased farrowing rate and litter size of giltsSummary of three studies合成精浆合成精浆MR-A Predil可提高分小母猪的可提高分小母猪的娩率娩率和窝产仔数和窝产仔数(三个研究综述三个研究综述)Item项目项目Predil合成精浆合成精浆合成精浆合成精浆Control对照对照对照对照Difference差异差异差异差异Number of gilts小母猪数小母猪数小母猪数小母猪数29632428Farrowing rate,%分娩率分娩率分娩率分娩率%86.8082.07+4.73Litter size窝产仔数窝产仔数窝产仔数窝产仔数10.2810.04+.24Mating gilts at puberty with a vasectomizedboar increased farrowing rate用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高分娩率用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高分娩率Study研究研究Gilts mated to sterile boar at puberty用不育公猪用不育公猪与初情期小母猪交与初情期小母猪交配配Gilts were not mated不不与小母猪与小母猪交配交配Difference差异差异1(n=265)87.081.06.02(n=192)88.085.03.0Note:Gilts were mated to fertile boar at second estrus.用第用第二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配Mating gilts at puberty with a vasectomized boar increased litter size用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高窝产仔数用输精管切除的公猪与初情期小母猪交配可提高窝产仔数Study研究研究Gilts mated to sterile boar at puberty用不育用不育公猪与初情期公猪与初情期小母猪交配小母猪交配Gilts were not mated不不与小母猪与小母猪交配交配Difference差异差异1(n=265)9.99.50.42(n=192)10.49.60.83(n=98)10.99.31.64(n=34)10.99.51.4Note:Gilts were mated to fertile boar at second estrus.用第二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配用第二情期小母猪与有生育力公猪交配Pregnancy Diagnosis妊娠诊断妊娠诊断Blood tests(23 to 30 days)验血验血(2330天天)Progesterone(RIA procedure)孕酮孕酮(放射免疫法放射免疫法)Estrone sulphate硫酸雌酮硫酸雌酮Estrone glucuronide葡葡(萄萄)糖苷酸糖苷酸雌酮雌酮Estradiol glucuronide葡葡(萄萄)糖苷酸糖苷酸雌二醇雌二醇Fecal tests(20 to 21 days)粪检粪检(2021天天)Progesterone(RIA procedure)孕酮孕酮(放射免疫法放射免疫法)Estrone(ELISA procedure)雌酮雌酮(ELISA)法法Urine tests(23 to 30 days)尿检尿检(2330天天)Conjugated estrone(RIA)共轭共轭雌酮雌酮(放射免疫法放射免疫法)Estrone sulphate(immunoenzymatic)硫酸雌酮硫酸雌酮(免疫酶法免疫酶法)Ultra-sound techniques超声波技术超声波技术Synchronization of Estrus同期发情同期发情PGF2a a can be effective in shortening the luteal phase after can be effective in shortening the luteal phase after d 12 of the estrous cycle.Usually 2 i.m.injections of 10 d 12 of the estrous cycle.Usually 2 i.m.injections of 10 mg/ea 12 h apart.mg/ea 12 h apart.前列腺素前列腺素PGF2a a可有效缩短发情周期可有效缩短发情周期12天后的黄体期。通常注射二次，每次天后的黄体期。通常注射二次，每次10毫克，肌毫克，肌肉注射；二次注射间隔肉注射；二次注射间隔12小时小时Matrix a progestagenMatrix a progestagen?(altrenogest)fed to cycling sows(altrenogest)fed to cycling sows and gilts at 15 mg/d for 14 d.Upon removal of matrix,and gilts at 15 mg/d for 14 d.Upon removal of matrix,estrus occurs 6 days later.Costs$1.50/h/d.estrus occurs 6 days later.Costs$1.50/h/d.孕激素孕激素(烯丙烯丙孕素，为人工合成的孕激素孕素，为人工合成的孕激素)饲喂给发情的母猪和小饲喂给发情的母猪和小母猪，每天喂母猪，每天喂15毫克，喂毫克，喂14天。停喂后天。停喂后6天即发情。天即发情。每天每头每天每头1.50美元美元Weaning Weaned sows exhibit estrus by d 3-7 after Weaning Weaned sows exhibit estrus by d 3-7 after weaning.This may be combined with administration of PG weaning.This may be combined with administration of PG 600($5.00/dose).600($5.00/dose).断奶断奶断奶母猪会在断奶后断奶母猪会在断奶后37天发情。可在断奶的同时应用天发情。可在断奶的同时应用PG600(每剂每剂5.00美元美元)