液晶显示器简介(中英).ppt
液晶的历史1发现阶段 1888 年,由奥地利植物学家 F.Reinitzer 发现。1889 年,由德国物理学家 Otto Lehmann 命名为“液晶”。2发展阶段Developing phase 1963 年,美国 RCA 公司提出把液晶应用在显示器上的提案。1969 年,合成常温液晶(MBBA)。3应用阶段 1973 年,钟表,桌式电脑出现。1979 年,出现游戏机,1-6mm 的卡电机。1982 年,出现检测器。1984 年,应用于 2inch TFT 彩色液晶电视机。1986 年,应用于 STN 打字电脑。1988 年,应用于 3-14inch TFT 彩色液晶电视机。1989 年,应用于 100inch 彩色液晶电视机,笔记本电脑。1990 年,应用于 10inch 彩色液晶笔记本电脑。1994 年,21 inch TFT 投入试产(Sharp)。14inch 彩色 STN LCD 投入试产。现在:液晶显示技术得到空前的发展和广泛的应用。1Discover phase In 1888,discovered by Austrian botanist F.Reinitzer.In 1889,Germany physicist Otto Lehmann named it“liquid crystal”2Developing phase In 1963,American company RCA puts forward the plan of applying liquid crystal in display.In 1969,synthesis the normal temperature liquid crystal(MBBA).3Application phase In 1973,watch,clock,and desk computer appeared.In 1979,game machine and 1-6mm card-electrical machine appeared.In 1982,test machine appeared.In 1984,applied on 2inch TFT color LCD TV.In 1986,applied on STN typing computer.In 1988,applied to 3-14inch TFT color LCD TV.In 1989,applied to 100inch color LCD TV and laptop.In 1990,applied to 10inch color LCD laptop.In 1994,21 inch TFT put into trier production(Sharp)。14inch color STN LCD put into trier production.Now LCD technology gets unprecedented development and wide application.The history of liquid crystal液晶的状态及分子结构1液晶的状态 液晶是一种界于液体与固体之间的物质,随温度变化在液体相与固体相间发生变化,主要结构为中间部分为苯环两端连接上-CN,-F的结构。The state of liquid crystalLiquid crystal is a kind of substance between liquid and solid,it changes in accordance with the temperature between the solid and liquid phase.The main structure is benzene ring in the middle and the two sides connect on the structure of-CN,-F.固体solid液体liquid气体gas液晶liquid crystal2液晶的分子结构 The molecular structure of liquid crystal R1CH=NR2液晶的种类现有的液晶存在三种状态,目前 LCD 主要使用的是 Nematic 状态的液晶。向列相液晶:Nematic 分子种类的重心混乱无序,使其像普通液体一样可以流动,但分子杆的指向矢大体一致。进晶相液晶:Smectic LC 分子形成一层一层的结构,分子层的厚度大约是一个分子的长度;分子垂直于分子层平面排列,分子的重心在分子层中是无序的,形成一层层的二维流体。胆甾相液晶:Cholesteric 分子的重心排列是无序的,但分子的指向矢在一个平面内大致指向一个方向。在垂直于这个平面上的方向上,分子的指向矢会旋转行程螺旋结构。The types of liquid crystalThe existing liquid crystal has three kinds of states,the LCD mainly uses the state of the Nematic liquid crystal.Nematic liquid crystal:The core of Nematics molecular type is chaotic,which makes it flow like ordinary liquid,but the pointing direction of molecular lever is broadly the same.Smectic LC:The Smectic LC molecules form layer and layer structure,and the thickness of molecular layer is about a molecular length;Molecular is plane tiling with perpendicular to the molecules.The core of molecular is disorder in the molecular layer,and form layer and layer of two-dimensional fluid.Cholesteric liquid crystal:The core arrangement of the Cholesteric molecules is disorder,but the pointing vector of the molecular is basically in the some direction.In the direction of perpendicular to this plane,the pointing vector of the molecular will rotate and form into helical structure.液晶显示器的分类按自发光和接收外部光源的分类Classification according to the self-luminous and receive outer light显示器 display发光型显示器light-emitting displayCRT(Cathode Ray Tube)VFD(Vacuum Fluorescent Display)LED(Light Emitting Diode)PDP(Plasma Display Panel)ELD(Electro Lumineescent Display)受光型显示器light-receiving displayLCD(Liquid Crystal Display)LED(Electro Chemical Display)按自发光和接收外部光源的分类 Classification according to the drive mode静态单纯矩阵驱动(Static/Simple Matrix)主动矩阵驱动(Active Matrix)3端主动矩阵驱动子形TFT(CdSe,a-Si,p-Si)LCDTN(Twist Nematic)SBE(Super-twisted Birefringence Effect)ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence)FLC(Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal)2端子形(MetalInsulatorMetal,MIM)STN(DSTN,FSTN)各种显示屏的特点The features of different kinds of displays(详见excel)LCD 专业名词术语The professional terms and noun of LCD LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY):液晶显示LCM(LIQUID CRYSTAL MODULE):液晶模组TN(TWISTED NEMATIC):扭曲向列。液晶分子地扭曲取向偏转 90STN(SUPER TWISTED NEMATIC):超级扭曲向列。约 180270CSTN(Color STN):彩色超级扭曲向列 UFB(Ultra Fine Brightness):超精细亮度UFC(Ultra Fine Contrast):超精细对比度 FSTN(FORMULATED SUPER TWISTED NEMATIC):格式化超级扭曲向列。一层光程补偿片加于 STN,用于单色显示。TFT(THIN FILM TRANSISTOR):薄膜晶体管BLACK LIGHT:背光源INVERTER:逆变器OSD(ON SCREEN DISPLAY):在屏上显示DVI(DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE):数字接口 TMDS(TRANSITION MINIMIZED DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING):最小变换差分信号LVDS(LOW VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING):低压差分信号IC(INTEGRATE CIRCUIT):集成电路 LCD 专业名词术语The professional terms and noun of LCD TCP(TAPE CARRIER PACKAGE):柔性线路板COB:(CHIP ON BOARD)通过绑定将 IC 裸片固定于线路板上COF:(CHIP ON FPC)将 IC 固定柔性线路板上COG:(CHIP ON GLASS)将芯片固定于玻璃上DUTY:占空比,高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率LED:(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)发光二极管EL:(ELECTRO LUMINESCENCE)电致发光。EL 层高分子量薄片构成CCFL:(CCFT)COLD CATHODE FLUORESCENT LIGHT/TUBE 冷阴极荧光灯PDP:(PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL)等离子显示屏CRT:(CATHODE RADIAL TUBE)阴极射线管VGA:(VIDEO GRAPHIC ARRAY)视频图形阵列PCB:(PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD)印刷电路板S-VIDEO:S 端子,与复合视频信号比,将对比和颜色分离传输NTSC:(NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEMS COMMITTEE)PAL:(PHASE ALTERMATING LINE )逐行倒相制式)SECAM:(SEQUENTIAL COULEUR MEMOIRE )VOD:(VIDEO ON DEMAND)视频点播DPI:(DOT PER INCH)点每英寸