[精选]材料的搬运储存使用处置的安全注意事项MaterialsHandli5080.pptx

Materials Handling,Storage,Use,and Disposal1 Office of Training&EducationOverview-Handling and Storing Materials Involves diverse operations:Manual material handlingCarrying bags or materialsUnpacking materialsMaterial handling via machineForkliftCraneRigging Stacking or storing drums,barrels,kegs,lumber,loose bricks or other materials2 Office of Training&EducationInjuriesLifting objects is a major cause of back injuries in the work placeImproper storing and handling of material and equipment can cause struck by and crushed by injuries 3 Office of Training&EducationHazardsImproper manual lifting or carrying loads that are too large or heavyBeing struck by materials or being caught in pinch points Crushed by machines,falling materials or improperly stored materialsIncorrectly cutting ties or securing devices4 Office of Training&EducationManual HandlingSeek help:When a load is too bulky to properly grasp or lift When you cant see around or over the load When you cant safely handle the loadAttach handles to loads to reduce the chances of getting fingers smashed.5 Office of Training&EducationSafe LiftingBreak load into partsGet help with heavy or bulky itemsLift with legs,keep back straight,do not twistUse handling aids-such as steps,trestles,shoulder pads,handles,and wheelsAvoid lifting above shoulder level6 Office of Training&EducationSafe Lifting TrainingWhat should be taught:How to lift safely How to avoid unnecessary physical stress and strain What you can comfortably handle without undue strain Proper use of equipment Recognizing potential hazards and how to prevent/correct them7 Office of Training&EducationPersonal Protective EquipmentFor loads with sharp or rough edges,wear gloves or otherhand and forearm protection When loads are heavy or bulky,wear steel-toed safety shoes toprevent foot injuries if the loadis dropped8 Office of Training&EducationMaterials Handling EquipmentEmployees must betrained in the properuse and limitations of the equipment they operate This includes knowing how to effectively useequipment such asforklifts,cranes,and slings9 Office of Training&EducationForkliftsCenter the load on the forks and as close to the mast as possible to minimize the potential for the truck tipping or load falling Overloading a lift truck makes it hard to control and could make it tip overPlace the load at the lowest position for travelingDont place extra weight on the rear of a counterbalanced forklift to allow an overload10 Office of Training&EducationOperating a Forklift SafelyKeep arms and legs inside the truckHandle only stable loadsKeep speed low-you may have to stopBe careful when making sharp turnswith a raised loadIf a load blocks your view,travel in reverseNo riders,unless theres an approved seatDont drive with forks raisedWear safety belts or other restraint devices11 Office of Training&Education Powered Industrial Truck Training Truck-related topics Workplace-related topics Standard requirements Trainees must be supervised by a competent person and not endanger others Formal instruction Practical training Evaluation of performance12 Office of Training&EducationDock Boards(Bridge plates)Dock boards must have handholds,orother effective meansfor safe handling.13 Office of Training&EducationEarthmoving EquipmentScrapers,loaders,crawler or wheel tractors,bulldozers,off-highway trucks,graders,tractorsProvide seat beltsEquipment with an obstructed rear view cant be used in reverse unless the equipment has a signal alarm 14 Office of Training&EducationCranesCheck the load chart in the cabFrequently inspectNever lift peopleCheck overhead power linesEnsure area of travel is clear15 Office of Training&EducationRigging Equipment SlingsTypes of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain,wire rope,metal mesh,natural or synthetic fiber rope,and synthetic web.Chain Wire rope Metal mesh Synthetic16 Office of Training&EducationSling InspectionInspect slings:Each day before use Where service conditions warrantRemove them from service ifdamaged or defective17 Office of Training&EducationRemove From ServiceImmediately remove damaged or defective slings from service18 Office of Training&EducationAdapts to shape of the loadCan damage by sudden shocksBest choice for hoisting very hot materialsMust have an affixed tag stating size,grade,rated capacity,and sling manufacturerAlloy Steel Chains19 Office of Training&EducationMarkings Alloy Steel ChainIt must be marked with grade or manufacturers mark20 Office of Training&EducationHooks,rings,oblong links,or other attachments,when used with alloy steel chains,must have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chainAlloy Steel Chain AttachmentsRated Capacity21 Office of Training&EducationJob or shop hooks and links,or makeshift fasteners,formed from bolts,rods,etc.,or other such attachments,cant be usedUnsuitable Alloy Steel Chain AttachmentsRight Wrong22 Office of Training&EducationChain WearWhen a chain shows excessive wear,or is cracked or pitted,remove it from serviceNon-alloy repair links can not be used23 Office of Training&EducationWire Rope SlingsUsed to hoist materialsSelection considerations:strength ability to bend without cracking ability to withstand abrasive wear ability to withstand abuseWire ropeStrandCenterWireCore24 Office of Training&EducationWire Rope SlingsEye SplicesEye splices made in any wire rope must have at least three full tucks25 Office of Training&EducationCover or blunt protruding ends of strandsProtruding Ends26 Office of Training&EducationWire Rope ClipsWhen using U-bolt wire rope clips to form eyes,ensure the U section is in contact with the dead end of the ropeThis is the correct methodDead End27 Office of Training&EducationLubricationRegularly lubricate ropes and chains28 Office of Training&EducationWire Rope Slings Remove From ServiceIf these happen,remove the wire rope sling from serviceCrushingKinking Bird Caging29 Office of Training&EducationMark or code to show:Name or trademark of manufacturer Rated capacities for the type of hitch Type of materialSynthetic Web SlingMarkings30 Office of Training&EducationFittings must be:At least as strong as that of the sling Free of sharp edges that could damage the webbingSynthetic Web SlingsFittings31 Office of Training&EducationStitching is the only method allowed to attach end fittings to webbing,or to form eyesSynthetic Web SlingStitchingStitching32 Office of Training&EducationRemove from service if any of these are present:Acid or caustic burns Melting or charring of any part Snags,punctures,tears or cuts Broken or worn stitches Distortion of fittingsSynthetic Web Slings-Remove from ServiceHeat Damage33 Office of Training&EducationStoring MaterialsSecure materials stored in tiers by stacking,racking,blocking,or interlocking to prevent them from fallingPost safe load limits of floorsKeep aisles and passageways clear34 Office of Training&EducationStoring MaterialsDont store noncompatible materials togetherIn buildings under construction,dont place stored materials within 6 feet of a hoistway or floor opening35 Office of Training&EducationEmployees who work on stored materials in silos,hoppers,or tanks,must be equipped with lifelines and harnessesFall Protection36 Office of Training&EducationStack bricks in a manner that will keep them from fallingDo not stack them more than 7 feet highTaper back a loose brick stack after it is 4 feet highBrick Storage37 Office of Training&EducationLumberRemove nails before stackingStack on sillsStack lumber so that it is stable and self supporting38 Office of Training&EducationHousekeepingKeep storage areas free from accumulated materials that cause tripping,fires,or explosions,or that may contribute to harboring rats and pests 39 Office of Training&EducationDisposal of Waste MaterialsUse an enclosed chute when you drop material more than 20 feet outside of a buildingIf you drop debris through holes in the floor without chutes,enclose the drop area with barricades40 Office of Training&EducationDisposal of Scrap and Flammable MaterialsRemove all scrap lumber,waste material,and rubbish from the immediate work area as work progressesKeep all solvent waste,oily rags,and flammable liquids in fire resistant covered containers until removed from worksite41 Office of Training&EducationDisposal of Demolition Materials Removal of materials through floor openingsOpenings must be less than 25 percent of the whole floorFloors weakened or made unsafe by demolition must be shored so they can safely carry the demolition load42 Office of Training&EducationSummaryManually handling materials When lifting objects,lift with your legs,keep your back straight,do not twist,and use handling aids Using cranes,forklifts,and slings to move materials Watch for potential struck by and crushed by dangers For slings,check their load capacity,inspect them,and remove them from service when they display signs of stress or wearAlso-Keep work areas free from debris and materials 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