it考点讲义：it基本用法全归纳总结- 高考英语语法二轮复习专题讲义.docx

高中英语语法 高考二轮复习it考点讲义【精讲版】it 基本用法全归纳总结 it 看似简单，但用法却并不简单。它不仅可以指人也可以指物，不仅可以指时间和距离也可指自然现象和自然环境，不仅可用作形式主语也可用作形式宾语等。一、用于指事物it用于指代前面已提到过的事物，这是其基本用法。如：Water expands when it freezes. 水结冰时体积膨胀。This is our new car. I bought it yesterday. 这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。He didnt give the money to John, but he gave it to me instead. 他没把钱给约翰, 却给了我。I like pepper but it doesnt like me. 我喜欢吃胡椒, 但胡椒不适合我的肠胃。二、用于上文提到的情况it有时并不指某种具体的事物，而是笼统地指前面提到的情况。如：If you keep doing that, it will do harm to your health. 你要是继续那样，会对你的身体有害的。Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didnt help. 她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。三、用于指人it有时可用于指人，但通常只限于对方身份不明确的情况下才用，即it用于指人主要用于引出或确定一个的身份。比较：Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。(句中用代词he是因为上句已明确指明是Mr Smith)Someone is at the door. It must be Mr Smith. 有人在门口，一定是史密斯先生。(句中用代词it是因为上句并未明确指明是谁，it在此是为了引出Mr Smith)下面一句用it也属同样的道理：I knew it was you, I could recognize your voice a mile off! 我知道是你，好远就能听出你的声音。另外，it 还可指用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。如：“Where is the cat?” “Its under the bed.” “ 猫在哪儿?”“在床下。”They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。四、用于指时间、距离、自然现象等Its already 12 oclock. 已是12点了。Well go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。After breakfast it began to snow. 早饭后开始下起雪来。It was very quiet in the garden. 花园里很安静。 五、其他语法功能1. 用于强调句型：It is (was) that (who) 。如：He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在这家商店买了一件衬衫。下面4句分别对上句主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语的强调：It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.2. 用作形式主语或形式宾语：(1) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作主语时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，往往用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如：Its no use talking about it now. 现在谈这事没有用。Its important to know your own limitations. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。(2) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作宾语时，若其后跟有宾语补足语，则往往使用 it作形式宾语，而把真正主语放在句末。如：I find it easy enough to get on with Pam. 我觉得与帕姆相处很容易。I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你会住在我们这里的。3. 某些及物动词（如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等）之后若没有出现宾语，而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句，要在从句前使用代词 it。如：I like love it when you sing. 我喜欢听你唱歌。I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。I hate it when Jane cuts up in class. 我讨厌简课堂上插嘴。Id appreciate it if you could drop in tonight. 你今晚来一趟我会很感激。I should prefer it if you did not go there alone. 我倒希望你不要一个人去那里。4. 在某些特殊表达中的使用。如：It seems that John dislikes his boss. 约翰似乎不喜欢他的老板。It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。It doesnt matter if you cant find her. 如果你找不到她，也没有关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司