高考英语特殊句式课件.ppt

特殊句式突破【高考命题分析】辨别句子结构是考生应对高考应具备的能力之一。英语中句子结构很多，也很容易混淆。特殊句式内容比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用等是高考考查的重点项目。Learning aims 1.Learn the use of Full Inversion and Partial Inversion.(task for A,B,C)2.Learn the emphatic sentence.(task for A,B,C)3.You can use them fluently.(task for A,B)一、倒装.完全倒装-定义自学检测谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：1为了强调状语，把表示方位或时空的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall 等，置于句首时。如：In a lecture hall of a university in England _.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。sits a professor South of the river _ 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。_you want.你要的书在这儿。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：Away they went.他们走了。Over it turns！它翻过来了。lies a small factory.Here is the book 2表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。如：Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。.部分倒装1only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：_只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。注意：only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：Only you can solve the problem.只有你能解决这个问题。Only in this way can we learn English well.never,hardly,scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不 seldom,little,barely 仅够，几乎没有 rarely 不常，很少 nowhere 无处，到处都无 by no means;in no case;at no time 决不 not until;hardly(scarcely)when,no sooner.than(一.就)2.在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装。Never before have I met him.Hardly did I think it possible.Not a single paper did the scholar write the whole term（条款，条件）.Seldom did the boy read newspaper.Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）.Nowhere could we find the book.Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.补充hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当neither.nor.引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。如：Hardly _when his father stopped him.他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。Neither _，nor _ 我不知道，她也不知道。had he begun to speakdo I know does she.3so/neither/nor 置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor be 动词/助动词/情态动词主语。so 与前面的肯定句呼应，neither，nor 与前面的否定句相呼应。如：I dont know who he is，nor do I want to know.我不知道他是谁，我也不想知道。注意：so 表示“是的，确实”重复上文，表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。如：It is too hot.天太热了。So it is.是啊，的确很热。5在so/such.that.句式中，如果so/such 引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。_ _that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.So loudly did he speak 6以as 引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。though 引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though 主语谓语”。如：_，she has seen much of the world.她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。_，she is courageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。Young as/though she isWoman as she is 7省略if 的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should 等，可省去if，把were，had 或should 移到主语之前。如：如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。_ 万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。_，the sports meeting would be put off.Were I you，I would take his advice.Should it rain tomorrow 二、强调句.强调句的基本形式 强调句的基本句型是_被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：1被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。如：_ 我是在公园里遇到他的。“It is/was 被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。It was in the park that I met him.2被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。如：Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。如：It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。3被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be 动词都用单数is 或was。如：It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。4对not.until 时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that 从句，即not 和until 在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。如：Bethune didnt left the battle hospital until the last operation was finished _ 直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.强调句的疑问形式 _that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？_that he made up his mind to take this course?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？_that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939When was itWhy is it 注意：强调句型与It is/was 时间when从句：在上述句型中it 指时间，when 引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。三、省略.状语从句的省略 1有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语be”部分。如：While I was in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我去游览了长城。If you are asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。Though it was cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衫。2还有诸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。如：Errors,if any,should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Come tomorrow if possible.有可能的话明天来。if there are anyif it is possible Get up early tomorrow，if you dont get up early，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过第一班车。He may not be at home then，if he is not at home，leave him a note.那时他可能不在家，如果这样给他留个字条吧。if notif so 四、祈使句.否定式和强调式 Please dont forget to take your medicine.请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。(强调式).祈使句and 陈述句if.，主句祈使句or 陈述句if.not.，主句 努力工作，你就会成功。_ 快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。_Work hard and you will succeed.Hurry up or we will be late.五、反意疑问句.含有情态动词表推测的反意疑问句 情态动词表示推测时，反意疑问句不用情态动词，而是根据不同的时间状语和情态动词后面动词的不同结构来确定。如：I think he must be a doctor，_ He must have been there，_isnt_he?hasnt_he?.主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine 等的主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若它们的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主句来决定。如：I dont believe he will succeed，_ Tom doesnt believe they will succeed，_will he?does he?.祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句中的后半部分附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，will you?肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?Let 第三人称，will you？如：Open the door，_ 打开门，好吗？Lets go out for a walk，_我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now，_ 现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？will/wont you?shall we？will you?六、感叹句.感叹句的基本形式What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！How 形容词(a/an)名词主语谓语！How 形容词/副词主语谓语！七、there be 结构.there be 结构的谓语形式 there be 结构中的谓语动词be 有时可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be 或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur 等替换。如：There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.他的电脑可能有毛病。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。.there be 结构的非谓语形式 There being no enough time left，we have to hurry.时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(独立主格结构作状语)What is the chance of there being an election this year?今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be 的动名词形式作of 的宾语)I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be 结构作expect 的复合宾语)It is natural for there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children.父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be 的不定式结构作真正的主语)1(2012 江西高考)Never before _seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A had she B she had C has she D she has 2(2012 重庆高考)Before you quit your job，_how your family would feel about your decision.A consider B considering C to consider D considered 3(2012 江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？A is there B isnt there C is he D isnt he