【学案】高考英语阅读理解词义猜测.doc

Handout on Strategies of Guessing Words through Context (Name: _ Class:_)Task 1: ObservationTask 2: StrategiesCode 1: Logical Relation 逻辑关系猜词义1.Mr. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.  2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. They also regard drinking as harmful.3.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.4.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up. 5.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A practical idea. B. A vain hope C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire Code 2 Explanation 解释说明法1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 3.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.4.Many employees are polyglot. For example, Jenny and her colleagues can speak English, French and Spanish. 5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News Weekly, Readers Digest, The New Yorkers.Code 4 context clues 上下文线索As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise theyd get up to mischief. Wed come down in the morning to find theyd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo. 5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3? 【2021年高考全国II卷B篇】 A . Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.   Task3: Practice真题训练1.【2022全国乙卷C篇】That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.真题训练2. (2022新高考I) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve. B. Oppose.  C. Begin.  D. Evaluate. 真题训练3.（2023省质检）When a person is starving, thats not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish eradicating their hunger and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. “Let me tell you what Id do in your position,” a well-meaning individual might offer. 29. What does the underlined word “eradicating” mean in paragraph 2?A. Getting rid of. B. Paying attention to. C. Making up for. D. Putting up with. 真题训练4.(2021·新高考卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the everincreasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.真题训练5.The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard(蜥蜴) had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. 26. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as          . 【2021天津卷B篇】 A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity 真题训练6【2020新高考I卷D篇】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), its the beanpole with big appetites you really need to avoid. 2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.Task 4: Challenge yourselves2. After reading, please think and discuss:Suppose you are the paper-maker, according to what we learned, which words is the most suitable one to make a question about guessing its meaning? If possible, please make it. (根据所学词义猜测策略，假设你是出题人，左栏的词汇中，哪个词在文中出现的位置最适合用来出词义猜测题？如果能，请设置一道词义猜测题，格式如下：)e.g. What does the underlined word _ in paragraph _ mean? A. _ B._C. _ D._Instructions: 1. Before reading:variant n. /verint/ 变种；变体；变形contagious adj. /knteds/ 传染的strain n. /stren/ 毒株classify v. /klæsfa/ 将分类infection n. /nfekn/ 传染；感染contract n. /kntrækt/ 合同； v. /kntrækt/ 缩小; 感染; 与订立合同ban v. /bæn/ 禁止；取缔tighten v. /tatn/ （使）变紧keep out 防治The Delta(德尔塔) variant was once regarded as the most contagious. But a new strain of COVID-19 is causing more concerns.The strain, named Omicron(奥密克戎), was classified as a “variant of concern” by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warned that global risks caused by the new variant were “very high”.The variant was first detected in South Africa on Nov 9, and infections have increased rapidly in recent weeks in the region. Over the past several weeks, many countries and regions including Belgium, Britain and Italy have also reported first cases of the new variant.Researchers found that compared with the Delta variant, Omicron has more spike protein mutations(剌突蛋白突变) concentrated in the area that interacts with human cells.Although Omicrons risks are as yet not fully understood, evidence suggests it carries an increased risk of reinfection compared with other variants. People who contracted COVID-19 and recovered could catch it again, said the WHO.Many countries and regions rushed to defend against its spread. On Nov 29, Israel started banning its citizens from traveling to 50 African countries. Japan announced that beginning on Nov 30, it would tighten border controls to keep out the new variant. No foreigners are allowed to visit the country.4