人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点总结及语法汇总名师优秀教案(完整版)资料.docx

人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点总结及语法汇总名师优秀教案（完整版）资料(可以直接使用，可编辑 优秀版资料，欢迎下载）人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点总结及语法汇总八年级（下）英语知识讲解（人教）每单元均有重要的字、词的辨析及重要语句的分析与用法指导；有课文中的难重点分析与讲解；有针对性的训练及同步检测题，并且附有详细的解答。1 Unit 1 Will people have robots?2 Unit 2 What should I do?3 Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?4 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.5 Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!6 Review of units 1-37 Review of units 4-58 八年级下学期期中复习（一）9 改错小练10 八年级下学期期中复习（二）11 八年级期中考试模拟题12 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?13 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?14 Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?15 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?16 Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?17 介词复习18 Review of units 6-819 Review of units 9-1020 八年级第二学期期末复习题21 八年级第二学期期末模拟试题22 How do you study for a test23 Unit2 I used to be afraid of the darkUnit 1Will people have robots?II. Grammar:·一般将来时·there will be ·few，a few，little，a little，much，many语法小结：一、一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner.We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示意图，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter?How long is he going to stay here?I am going to book a ticket.另一意义是表示预见，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。You will feel better after taking this medicine.Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图.I will not lend the book to you.Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?二、There be结构1. there be 结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon. 不久天就要下雨了。2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。How many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。There is nothing to do. (=to be done) 无事可做。4、There is no doing.(口语)不可能.There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。三、课文难句解析1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) money 金钱；货币eg What's the money? 价钱是多少?paper money 纸币；钞票2) in 100 years 在100年之后in+一段时间常用在将来时态中eg I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. There will be less leisure time空闲时间会更少。1) less 形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。eg Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。Five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空闲时间egWhat do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. I think there will be more pollution 我认为将会有更多的污染产生。1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为there will be+物+其他成分。eg I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。2) pollution表示污染，用作不可数名词。例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution他们采取大量措施制止水污染。4. I don't agree 我不同意。agree在本句中作动词，I don't agree是一句交际用语，表示不赞成某人或某人的观点，如果表赞成，则为I agree。1) 表示同意某人意见时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。eg Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?I don't agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。2) 表示同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。egI agree to your idea 我同意你的想法。My plan was agreed to by all of them 他们所有的人都同意我的计划。3) 表示就取得一致意见用agree on(或upon)，指两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议。egThey both agreed on the date for the meeting他们双方都同意开会的日期。4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示同意做某事。egThey agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他们同意明天下午动身。5. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子? 此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。eg Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。1) go表示去，过去式是went，go to+地名表示到某地去。egWhen will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？He will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工厂。如果go后面接副词，不用to。egHe went home at before six yesterday evening他昨天晚上6点前回家的。2) last year意为去年，用于一般过去时态中。egHe went to London last year去年他去了伦敦。3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是喜爱；爱上；与相恋的意思。egHe went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示因为。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。egJohn didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。2) hate表示不喜欢，憎恨，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示讨厌做某事。egHe hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1) go doing sth. 结构，表示去做go skating 去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船egMy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。I like going skating我喜欢去滑冰。2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示每天，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday表示日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的，是形容词。例如：egI get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。He wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. During the week Ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit1.一般将来时 will的用法People will have robots in their rooms.There will be more pollution.2.more,less 和fewer用于表示数量的用法More/fewer + countable nounsMore/less + uncountable nounsskateboard, shop, junk, chip, unhealthysurf, cola , lifestyle, yuck, interviewerhow often, high school, as for, junk food , how many , of course, look after, a lot of1. in the future 在将来2. live to (be) years old 活到?岁3. in 100 years 一百年后4. free time 空闲时间5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到6. high school 高中7. computer programmer 电脑程序员8. space station 太空站9. fall in love with 爱上?10. go skating 去滑冰11. be able to 能，会12. on vacation 度假13. the World Cup 世界杯14. keep a pet pig 饲养一头宠物猪15. job interview 工作面试16. fly to 飞往17. come true 实现，成为现实18. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事19. ones own 某人自己的?20. science fiction movies 科幻影片21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的23. the same as 和?相同24. wake up 醒来；唤醒25. talk to/with 和?交谈26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事27. get bored 变得厌倦28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地1.对自己，他人以及环境的未来发展进行预测。 2. 了解一些科学常识。1能听懂接近正常语速，熟悉话题的语段，识别主题，获取主要信息。2能听懂简单故事的情节发展，理解其中主要人物和事件3能根据连续的指令完成任务4能听懂广播，电视中初级英语教学节目1 能根据提示给出连贯的简单指令2 能引出话题并进行几个回合的交谈3 能在教师的帮助下或根据图片用简单的语言描述自己或他人的经历4 能在教师的指导下参与角色扮演等活动5 能在上述口语活动中使用正确的语音，语调1 能连贯流畅地朗读课文2 能读懂说明文等应用文体的材料3 能从简单的文章中找出有关的信息，理解大意4 能根据上下文猜测生词的意思5 能理解并结实图表提供的信息6 能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为7 能读懂简单的个人信件8 能使用汉英词典等工具书帮助阅读理解9 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到10万词以上1 能在正确使用标点符号2 能用词组或简单句为自己创作的图片写出说明3 能写出简短的文段，如简单的指令，规则4 能在教师的帮助下或以小组讨论方式起草和修改作文Unit 2 What should I do?【单元目标】2目标句型：1. What should I do? 2. Why dont you? 3. You could 4. You should 5. You shouldnt情态动词的用法 【重难点分析】情态动词(Modal Verbs )* 情态动词也可称为情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：1. He can't be at home. (否定句)他不可能在家。2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗?3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)请问到邮局怎么走？2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back 他不想向老师要回他的书了。4the same as. 与?相同The clothes are the same as my friends'这些衣服与我朋友的一样。Tom is the same age as Anna Tom is as old as Anna 汤姆和安娜一样大。 Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。5except 除?以外；（不包括?在内）My class has been invited except me Only I haven't been invited除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。All the students went to the park except him Only he didn't get to the park They all toured America except her.除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。besides 除?以外（包括在内）We all went there besides him He went thereWe went there, too除他去以外，我们也都去了。There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客6wrong adj错误的；有毛病的；不合适的Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) I've got a headache我头痛。Whats wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。 adv错误地；不正确地；不对地He answered wrong他答错了。They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。7get on well with sb与某人相处融洽The students will get on well with the teacher学生会和老师相处得非常好。 We get on well with each other我们彼此相处融洽。Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?8have a fight with sb fight with sb与某人打架I dont want to have a fight with my cousin 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight with each other.They are really good friends. 他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)What should I do? You could write him a letterWhat should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do? They shouldn't argue六、词语辨析1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？2. get sb. to do? 使?做（以人为对象时，有“说服?使做?”的含义） He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。 Youll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。ask sb. to do? 邀请（人）做?We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会 tell sb. to do?让某人做某事 例如：The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。3、be in style 时髦的，流行的be out of style 过时的，不时髦的例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。七、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊eg. My friend always surprises me.2、talk about it on the phone 用 就此事进行交流eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听 。Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的 3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打 He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来 =He gave me a call from New York.4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券eg. They got two tickets to tonights show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面9、I cant think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。 此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I dont know what I should do.”11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把?忘在，落在（某处）的意思。eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。Try to do?努力做，试着做，尽量做而try not to do 是尽量不做?eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够?的”eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事 see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做?（事）很难He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难Unit 2What should I do ?1.用 have描述疾病Whats the matter? I have a headache2.情态动词should / shouldnthave, cold, back, arm, ear, eye, foot, hand, head, leg, mouth, neck, nose, stomach, tooth, toothache, fever, rest, dentist, should, headache, ago, so, illness, advice, thirsty, early, problem, way, traditional, believe, weak, angry, medicine, western, everybody, get, few, stay, important, moment, late, until, yesterday, hearmatter, stomachache, throat, honey, shouldnt, cookie, balance, herb, diet, dear sore, stress, yin, yang, Dangshen, Huangqi, tofu, balancedhave a cold, be stressed out , a few , at the moment, host family1.注意在不同的文化背景中如何恰当地表达赞同或不赞同的观点。 2. 注意心理健康问题1. keep out 不准进，阻止进入2. argue with sb. 和?争吵argue about sth. 为?争吵3. out of style 过时的，不时髦的in style 流行的，时髦的4. call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = call/ring/phone sb. 给?.打 5. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物(bring, lend, pass, sell, send, show, take, write, read 等与 give 一样)6. a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的门票