中考英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解精讲四、科普常识名师(完整版)资料.doc

中考英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解精讲四、科普常识名师（完整版）资料(可以直接使用，可编辑 优秀版资料，欢迎下载）（2021江苏扬州） DPicture the scene: It's midnight. You're very hungry after studying for a long time. Then you see a nice pie in the fridge. Do you eat it? It seems that you shouldn't, for many reasons, including its influence on your studies.Scientists have long known that eating late at night can make us gain weight. But now a new study has shown that late­night eating can also have a bad influence on our brainsit might hurt our ability to learn new things and store memories.“We believe that late­night eating may affect(影响) our learning by affecting the parts of the brain that control learning and memory，” Dawn Loh, PhD, a project scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, said, “We believe the timing of when we eat is the main cause of the damaged(受损的) memory.”For the study, the researchers looked at mice with strict feeding plans. For two weeks, the mice were either allowed to eat during the time when they are usually the most active, or during the time when they usually sleep. The mice received the same amount(数量) of sleep and calories.Then the researchers tested the brains of the mice. In one test, the researchers tried to find out whether the mice could remember that a room was connected to an electric shock(电击) after 24 hours had gone by.The researchers noticed that, when the mice were put in the room again, those mice that ate when they should have been sleeping were less likely(可能的) to get scared than those mice that ate during usual hours. It means that they didn't remember.So think twice before the midnight snackit might be bad for more than your weight.42. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to(指代)?A. Studying for long. B. A nice pie.C. A new study. D. Late­night eating.43. For the study, the researchers need _Ato check the brains of the mice before the test startedB. to feed the mice only during the time when they usually sleepC. to keep the mice in a room with an electric shock all the timeD. to let the mice receive the same amount of sleep and calories44. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is TRUE?A. A recent study shows late eating affects weight.B. What we eat can affect learning and memory.C. The mice that are during sleeping hours didn't remember.D. The mice that ate during usual hours didn't remember.45. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?A. Eating snacks affects memory B. Late eating hurts brainC. Never stay up late D. Keep away from snacks 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. B (2021湖北黄冈) (3) Last week, Chicago became the first city in the US to join the “Light Out Plan”. People turned off their lights in the citys tallest buildings so that thousands of birds could get their winter homes. Every year in autumn, some birds fly over Chicago on their way to the south, and come back the next spring. Lights mean danger to the birds. Birds find their way by looking at the stars in the sky. Lights in tall buildings are so bright that birds may mistake them as stars. This means they can not find the right way to go home. This month, about 300 types of birds are flying over Chicago to go back to the south live through the cold winter. Birds fly to warmer places for a few reasons. Many birds cannot live in the cold, so they fly to warmer places. But there are other reasons, too. Birds need to look for food in the south. Another reason is that they want to have baby birds. Many birds like to have their baby birds in the same “house” they lived in last year, so they fly back there. There are about 9,000 kinds of birds in the world, and about 600 kinds of migrate. Some birds can fly a very long way. Sometimes they fly to other countries. We have fewer birds today because there are fewer places for birds.64. Why did people in Chicago turn off their lights last week? A. Because people wanted to save money. B. Because people liked the dark night. C. Because people were afraid that birds would make much noise. D. Because people were afraid that birds would lose their way.65. What does the underlined word “migrate”mean in Chinese? A. 迁徙B.定居C.冬眠D.重生66.Today we have fewer birds because _. A. lots of birds are often illB. people kill lots of birds C. there are fewer places for birdsD. other animals eat them67. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. All birds fly to warmer places every year. B. Some birds have to fly to warmer places in autumn. C. Some birds can fly a long way to other countries. D. About 600 kinds of birds migrate in the world.64. D 65. A 66. C 67. A (2021湖北孝感)BDear mum and dad,Im writing this letter to you from the center of Australia. At the moment were staying near Uluruthats the aboriginal(土著) name for Ayers Rock. On the first day, we took a balloon tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 384 meters high. The colors of the rock are fantastic, and at different times of the day, they change from purple to red. The Aborigines are the first people of Australia, and the ancient aboriginal stories describe the spirits that created the world. Uluru is a center of Aboriginal culture.The Australians have many British relatives. Thats why theyre like us in many ways. Their family life is similar to ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies. The food and drink that most Australians like are grapes, lamb, ham and especially wine that they make in the south of the country. They love all sports, but football is the most popular. Most Australians live near the coast, so they also love going to the beach, swimming and surfing.Although its December, its summer over here. The sunshine is very bright, and near the coast the countryside is very green. There are lots of sheep in the fields and on the hills, but the outback(澳洲内陆) is more like a desert, full of rocks and sand.The next day after we arrived at Uluru, we went on a camel(骆驼) ride. The camel that I rode had a bad temper. When I sat on its back, it became very angry and refused me. So everyone else thought it was very funny that my camel kept lying downFinally, later this evening, were taking the plane back to Sydney and coming home, its been a fantastic trip!Tony51. Which is NOT true according to Paragraph One?A. Uluru is the name for Ayers Rock.B. The height of Uluru is 384 meters.C. The rock of Uluru doesnt change colors.D. Uluru is the center of Aboriginal culture.52. Tony may be a(n) _.A. BritishB. Australian C. American D. ChineseD.A.B.C.53. _ is the most popular sport in Australia.54. The underlined word “temper” means “_” in Chinese.A. 脾气B. 记忆C. 命令D. 信心55. What is the best title of this passage?A. A Balloon TourB. An Aboriginal LetterC. A Fantastic Trip D. A Summer Evening答案: 51C 52A53B 54A 55C（2021江苏泰州）（2021·江苏泰州）BEmojis(表情符号)Have you found that more and more people are using emojis to communicate online? For example, “Happy Birthday” has become a cake with lit candles. And “I am happy” has become a smiling face.Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan. According to a survey of a mobile technology company, 6 billion emojis are used in text messages around the world every day. Last year, 20 percent of all emojis used in the UK and 17 percent of those used in the US was the icon. It became the most widely-used icon in 2021.Emojis are now used as “a new form of expression”, and one which can cross language barriers(障碍). “Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s, because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully”, president of Oxford Dictionaries told The Wall Street Joural.Since millennials became the biggest part in the American workforce(劳动力), emojis have been more accepted in the workplace. For many people, the tiny pictures also show that the users are part of mainstream(主流) society. In the digital age, emojis are “how most people communicate and show their personality many times every day.”But not everyone thinks the use of emojis is a good thing. Jonathan Jones of The Guardian said that the success of emojis is “a step back for humans”, hurting people's ability to use languages.“There are strict limits on what you can say with picturesthe written word is necessary to express your ideas and feelings to their highest level.” he said.Do you feel or about emojis?() 36. What emoji is “Happy Birthday” according to the passage? A. B. C. D. ()37. Where were emojis invented?A. In Japan. B. In China. C. In the UK. D. In the US.()38. What does the underlined word “millennials” in the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese?A. 80后 B. 00后 C. 独生子女 D. 千禧一代()39. Why are emojis popular among millennials?A. Because emojis limit what they say with pictures.B. Because they think emojis are a step back for humans.C. Because 6 billion emojis are used in text messages every day.D. Because young people are easily attracted by new technology and new things.() 40. The writer makes us learn about the emojis in Paragraph 2 by _A. telling stories B. explaining the word “emojis”C. listing numbers D. making comparisons(比较)36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. C （2021江苏扬州） CWilliam Shakespeare died on April the 23rd in 1616. This year's 400th anniversary of his death is not just a chance to remember one of the greatest writers of all time. It is a moment to celebrate his ongoing influence. Just as Ben Jonson, another great English writer of his times, said, “he is not of an age, but for all time.”People like Shakespeare's plays because the characters show real human feelings. Romeo and Juliet, who are young lovers, don't quite know how to get ahead with their lives. And they disagree with their parents. Their story has a sad ending. When we take the characters out of his period, they really speak to almost any time and place.The language of Shakespeare is alive and well in modern, everyday English. Even if an English­speaker knows nothing about Shakespeare, they will surely know some sayings that come from his plays. When we have problems making up our mind, we say “to be or not to be: that is the question”(Hamlet). When a friend eats all the food in the house, we say he's “eating me out of house and home”(Henry IV)But Shakespeare's influence is felt far beyond his language and his culture. “Cowards die many times before their death, the valiant(英勇的) never taste of death but once.” This saying from Shakespeare's historical play Julius Caesar encouraged Nelson Mandela to fight on when he was a prisoner. Shakespeare's influence is everywhere, from Goethe(a German writer) to Tchaikovsky.As Shakespeare himself put it in his comedy As You Like It, “all the world's a stage.” More than 400 years later, stages around the world still show his plays. Through his works, Shakespeare lives on. Perhaps we'll still be attracted by his works 400 years from now.38. What is the writer's main purpose in writing the article?A. To introduce the life story of William Shakespeare.B. To explain why Shakespeare's writing lives on.C. To recommend some of Shakespeare's best­known works.D. To explore the influences of Shakespeare's comedies.39. Which of these sayings can be used to express the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. All the world's a stage.B. To be or not to be: that is the question.C. The valiant never taste of death but once.D. He is not of an age, but for all time.40. Paragraph 4 is mainly about _A. some famous Shakespearian sayingsB. some Shakespearian historical storiesC. Shakespeare's influence on modern EnglishD. Shakespeare's influence on wider society41. By the last sentence “Perhaps we'll still be attracted by his works 400 years from now”， the writer means _A. Shakespeare's influence will last for a long timeB. Britain will remember William Shakespeare foreverC. Shakespeare's works will be gone and forgotten some dayD. Shakespeare's works will have a stronger influence than ever before 38. B 39. D 40. D 41. A (2021湖北孝感)CFull of happiness and sadness, the year 2021 is coming to an end and we invite you, the foreign friends to share your stories with our millions of readers all over the world. We will choose some of the best and give prizes to the writers. Ø _Foreigners with some experiences about China during the past year. You may have visited for just a few days, stayed longer here or just met with Chinese in your own countries. Ø What to write?Anything about China or Chinese people that happened to you. It can be Chinese food, buildings, tradition or anything you think worth writing about. Ø How to join?E-mail your writing to readerschinadaily .Ø Rules: At least 200 words and one photo about your story. More words and photos are encouraged. Please write the information, such as who, what, where and when, below your photos.Ø Prize: A mobile phone.Ø Deadline(截止日期): December 26th, 2021.56. Which can be filled in “_” in Paragraph Two?A. Who can join? B. When to write?C. How to write?D. Where to join?57. A foreign friend can NOT write about _ in his/her story.A. the mooncakeB. Western food C. the Dragon Boat FestivalD. the Great Wall58. What is necessary about your story?A. One mobile phone.B. One prize.C. Only 100 words.D. One photo.59. The purpose of this passage is _.A. to teach readers how to take a photoB. to choose some best photos about foreign culturesC. to ask foreigners to write down their feelings about ChinaD. to invite Chinese people to share their stories with foreigners60. This passage comes from _.A. a mapB. a postcardC. a dictionaryD. a newspaper 答案: 56A 57B58D59C 60D考点:(2021湖北鄂州)BA famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university. At the start of the school year, the teachers were given the names of five children. They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class. But the fact was that these students were only average, and they were not the best students at all. Well, guess what? At the end of the year, all the five average students scored among the highest in the class.What made these average students change so much to become top students? The only difference was the change in their teachers attitude. Because the teachers believed that these five kids were top students, they expected mo