2023年英语动词分类及练习句子成分词序.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 动词分类及练习 I.动词的种类(Kinds of Verbs)类别 说明 例句 行为动词 Action Verbs 表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。She has a new friend from Australia.He takes the train every day.He leaves for school at around seven.连系动词 Link Verbs 不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。He is popular in school.Twins usually look the same.Trees turn green in spring.助动词 Auxiliary Verbs 不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式。I dont want to go for a drive.（否定）We are playing basketball.（进行时态）Do you like tomatoes?（疑问）情态动词 Modal Verbs 不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。She can speak a little English.You should drink more water.注：行为动词可分为及物动词（The Transitive Verb,缩写为 vt.）和不及物动词（The Intransitive Verb,缩写为 vi.）。及物动词后面必须加宾语意义才完整。一、实义动词 及物动词与不及物动词 特别注意：及物动词必须带宾语，不可单独作谓语；不及物动词可以单独作谓语，不可直接加宾语，跟宾语时必须加介词。根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词Vt.和不及物动词 vi.。They study hard.I know them well.注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.She sang an English song just now.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作，如 give,take,work,run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如 know,exist,be,have,appear,prove,concern,hate,dislike,like,love,surprise,include,depend on,belong to,guess,suppose，imagine,believe,doubt,admire,envy等。延续性动词和非延续性动词 学习必备 欢迎下载 根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain,live,work,learn 等是延续性动词，go,come,leave,start,arrive,join,finish,end等是非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for 短语连用。如：译他离开这里三天了。误He has left here for three days.正He has been away from here for three days.正He left here three days ago.正Its three days since he left.限定动词与非限定动词 限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。The room needs cleaning.二、连系动词 系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。1、Be：He is a teacher.（is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine.2、keep,rest,remain,stay,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有 seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4、feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5、become,grow,turn,fall（asleep）,get,go,come,run.He became mad after that.She grew rich within a short time.6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove,turn out,表达证实，变成之意，The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.（turn out 表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have,make 使，让 Let/make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj.The story makes me happy.The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事 Have sth done 让某物被做 My mother haves me make the bed.I have my hair cut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外 be 还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard,pl ease.请看黑板。(look 用作实义动词)或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look 用作连系动词)They are at work.他们在工作。(are 用作连系动词)They are working.他们正在工作。(are 用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)三、助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesnt like English.（doesnt 是助动词，无词义；like 是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词 be(is,am,are,was,were)，have(has,had,having)，do(did,d oes).*do(does,did)的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How)did you know?He does not smoke.（2）加强语气。He did tell that.Do come and see us.（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。-You like popular music,d ont you?-Yes,I d o.He speaks French as fluently as she does.（4）用于倒装句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.Only then did I und erstand the importance of English.（5）构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.四、情态动词 Can,could,may,might,shill,should,will,would,need,dear,have to,ought to II.句子的成分(Members of the sentence)组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。句子成分 意义 例句 主语 The Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。Gina is from Australia.Lucy is an American girl.She often goes to the movies.谓语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。We are both quiet.He has a toothache.His parents are teachers.She is going camping.或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 表语 The Predicative 说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。Her mother is a bank clerk.Are you ready?We are at home last night.宾语 The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。Good food and exercise help me to study harder.Hes playing soccer.Can I ask some questions?定语 The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。Peel three bananas.Whats your name,please?Shes a good basketball player.状语 The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。People are all working hard.Beijing is not very cold in winter.检测拓展 一、分析下列句子成分 The meeting begins at nine.I am a senior school student.3.I wrote a passage last night.4.The story touched me greatly.5.He is a brave boy.6.You must study hard.二、识别下列句中的动词类别 1.The story sounds interesting.2.He gave me three books.3.He can swim.4.I don t like math.动词的分类练习 动词的分类 1 实义动词意义完整，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词与不及物动词。1)及物动词要求跟宾语，可用被动结构。I (参观北京)last summer.Please (讨论这个问题)after class.Our school (成立于)five years ago.Can you (借我一本词典吗)？We (叫她)Lily.She (喜欢集邮).或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 2)不及物动词自身意思完整不需要宾语。Everything (生长)very quickly.A big fire (发生)last night in that city.Birds often （飞行）in the sky.Dont (担心我).3)短语动词相当于实义动词。Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei,they were neck and neck.A.taught B.caught C.bought D.brought Jack always runs faster than Peter,but this time he him.A.went over B.fell behind C.put off D.dropped off -Look!The bus is coming.-But there are too many people,we cant it.A.get off B.get down C.get on D.get up Im Helen.Have you seen her?A.looking up B.looking after C.looking at D.looking for The radio is too noisy.Would you like to?A.turn it on B.turn it over C.turn it up D.turn it down We should every minute to improve ourselves.A.make up B.make use of C.make of D.make up of 4)易混淆的及物动词与不及物动词。I was about to go out when somebody (敲门).He (身亡)in the traffic accident.Mary （与.结婚）John next week.The students pretended to be reading when the teacher (enter)the classroom.The train (arrive)the station late.Lei Feng always (为.服务)the people heart and soul.Great changes (take place)in my hometown in these years.Go ahead,please!There is no need to (等我)2 连系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身分等。表身份、状态或主语的性质。-What is your father?-He (是位医生)-What is he like?-He (看起来很强壮)-How is your grandmother?-She (感觉好多了)It that he is a millionaire.（他看上去是个百万富翁）表状态变化。用表示变化意义的系动词填空完成句子。a.The weather warm in spring.b.Trees green in spring.c.My brother has a manager.d.His mother ill last week.e.Meat easily bad if it isnt put in the fridge for several days.f.Your dream will true if you try your best.表结果意义。a.English (证明是有用的).或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 b.The weather (结果很晴朗)3 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，须在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。He (write)to his parents now.I (cook)a meal at noon yesterday.English (speak)in the whole world.We (study)English for almost ten years.The plane (take off)when he got to the airport.What the boats (look)like?They (not prepare)for their exam.4 情态动词本身具有意义，与动词原形连用，表示句子主语或说话者对动作或状态的各种情感或态度。The little girl sat there and (不敢)say anything.We (一定)have seen him before,havent we?(能够)you lend me your bike?They (可能不)stay in the classroom.Everyone (应该)respect their parents and teachers.You (不必)hand in your exercise books today.动词的词形变化 原形 第三人称单数 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 take caught seek make lay go write spoken flies refers drew destroy III.陈述句中的词序 新概念英语二 Lesson 1 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Why did the writer complain to the people behind him?Last week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman 或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end,I could not bear it.I turned round again.I cant hear a word!I said angrily.Its none of your business,the young man said rudely.This is a private conversation!New words and expressions 生词和短语 private adj.私人的 conversation n.谈话 theatre n.剧场，戏院 seat n.座位 play n.戏 loudly adv.大声地 angry adj.生气的 angrily adv.生气地 attention n.注意 actor.n男演员 turn.vi 转身 bear（bore,borne）v.容忍 business n.事 rudely adv.无礼地，粗鲁地 Note on the text 课文注释 1 go to the theatre,去看戏。2 get angry，生气。3 turn round，转身，也可用 turn around。4 pay attention，注意。5 I could not bear it.我无法忍受。其中的 it 是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。6 none of your business,不关你的事。参考译文 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”Key structures 关键句型 Word Order in Simple Statements 简单陈述句的语序 a.陈述句用来叙述一件事情。本段课文中的所有句子都是陈述句。每个句子包含着一个概念，告诉我们一件事情。凡是叙述一件事情的陈述句都是简单陈述句。b.陈述句的语序很重要，注意下面两个句子，每句话所用的单词相同，但句子所表达的意思不同：The policeman arrested the thief.警察逮捕了小偷。The thief arrested the policeman.小偷逮捕了警察。c.一个简单陈述句可以由 6 部分组成，但是并不是每个句子都有这么多组成部分。注意下表中句子的语序。第 6 栏（表示时间）可以放在句首或句尾。或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 Exercises 练习 A.在一张大纸上画出7 栏，在前两行相应的栏内填入表中第 1、2 行的数字和关键词，将课文中其他句子也按统一形式抄入表内。6 1 2 3 4 5 6 When?Who?Which?What?Action Who?Which?What?How?Where?When?Last week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy It.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking Loudly.B.下列陈述句的词的语序不对。参照例句在表中重新排列各句的语序。或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 例句：I last year to America went.The correct order is:I(who)went(action)to America(where)last year(when).Or:Last year I went to America.1.The film I enjoyed yesterday.2.The news listened to I carefully.3.Well the man the piano played.4.Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.5.Quietly the door he opened.6.Immediately left he.7.A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.8.Before lunch the letter in his office quickly he read.9.This morning a book I from the library borrowed.10.The soup spoilt the cook.11.We at home stay on Sundays.12.There a lot of people are at the bus-stop.13.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14.She beautifully draws.15.Music I like very much.16.A new school built they in our village last year.17.The match at four oclock ended.或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物学习必备 欢迎下载 18.She a letter from her brother last week received.19.或其他语法形式否定时态疑问进行情态动词不能独立作谓语只能和主要才完整一实义动词及物动词与不及物动词特别注意及物动词必须带宾语作及物动词也可用作不及物动词如英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物