2023年英语专业四级完形填空超详细知识汇总全面汇总归纳练习题附超详细解析答案.pdf

一 四级英语每日练习 Passage 1 It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better 1)_ math than girls,that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts 2)_ advanced math courses like calculus,that virtually all the great mathematicians 3)_ men.Are women born with 4)_ mathematical ability?Or does societys sexism slow their progress?In 1980,two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried 5)_ the eternal nature/nurture debate.Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow 6)_ 10,000 talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972 and 1979.Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test,in which math questions are meant to measure ability rather than knowledge,they discovered 7)_ sex differences.8)_ the verbal abilities of the males and females 9)_ differed,twice as many boys as girls scored over 500(on a scale of 200 to 800)on mathematical ability;at the 700 level,the ratio was 14 to 1.The conclusion:males have 10)_ superior mathematical reasoning ability.Benbow and Stanleys findings,11)_ were published in Science,disturbed some men and 12)_ women.Now there is comfort for those people in a new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math 13)_ not,after all,a natural male domain.Prof.Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 tenth graders.They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs,a subject requiring 14)_ abstract reasoning and spatial ability.The conclusion 15)_ by Usiskin:there are no sex differences in math ability.1.A.at B.to C.of D.about 2.A.in tackling B.tackling C.to tackle D.about tackling 3.A.might be B.have been C.must be D.had been 4.A.smaller B.less C.fewer D.not more 5.A.to settle B.to set C.settling D.setting 6.A.were tested B.have tested C.were testing D.had tested 7.A.distinct B.instinct C.remote D.vague 8.A.Since B.However C.As D.While 9.A.scarcely not B.virtually C.largely D.hardly 10.A.superficially B.universally C.inherently D.initially 11.A.as B.that C.which D.all 12.A.few B.not a few C.not few D.quite few 13.A.be B.were C.was D.is 14.A.none of B.neither of C.either D.both 15.A.got B.gained C.reached D.accomplished Passage 2 We all know that a magician does not really depend on magic to perform his tricks,but on his ability to act at great speed.16)_,this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 17)_rabbits from a hat.18)_ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926.Houdini mastered the art of 19)_.He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds.20)_ no one really knows how he did this,there is no doubt 21)_ he had made a close study of every type of lock ever invented.He liked to carry a small steel needle like tool strapped to his leg and he used this inplace of a key.Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison.They 22)_ him in chains and locked him up,but he freed himself 23)_ an instant.The police 24)_ him of having used a tool and locked him up again.This time he wore no clothes and there were chains round his neck,waist,wrists,and legs;but he again escaped in a few minutes.Houdini had probably hidden his needle in a wax like 25)_ and dropped it on the floor in the passage.26)_ he went past,he stepped on it so that it stuck to the bottom of his foot.His most famous escape,however,was 27)_ astonishing.He was heavily chained up and enclosed in an empty wooden chest,the lid of 28)_ was nailed down.The 29)_ was dropped into the sea in New York harbor.In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface.When the chest was 30)_,it was opened and the chains were found inside.16.A.Generally B.However C.Possibly D.Likewise 17.A.to produce B.who produces C.produce D.how to produce 18.A.Out of the question B.Though C.Probably D.Undoubted 19.A.escaping B.locking C.opening D.dropping 20.A.Surprisingly B.Obviously C.Perhaps D.Although 21.A.if B.whether C.as to D.that 22.A.involved B.closed C.connected D.bound 23.A.at B.by C.in D.for 24.A.rid B.charged C.accused D.deprived 25.A.candle B.mud C.something D.substance 26.A.As B.Usually C.Maybe D.Then 27.A.overall B.all but C.no longer D.altogether 28.A.it B.which C.that D.him 29.A.chest B.body C.lid D.chain 30.A.brought up B.sunk C.broken apart D.snapped 二 Passage 3 Who won the World cup 1998 football game?What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play?31)_ an event takes place,newspapers are on the streets giving the details.Wherever anything happens in the world,reporters are on the spot to gather the news.Newspapers have one basic 32)_,to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,from those who make it to those who want to 33)_ it.Radio,telegraph,television,and 34)_ inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.35)_,this competition merely spurred the newspapers on.They quickly make use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 36)_ and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are 37)_ and read than ever before.Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields.Besides keeping readers 38)_ of the latest news,todays newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters.Newspapers influence readers economic choices 39)_ advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 40)_.Newspapers are sold at a price that 41)_ even a small fraction of the cost of production.The main 42)_ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.The success in selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers.This 43)_ in terms of circulation.How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 44)_ in a newspapers pages.But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as source of information 45)_ the community,city,country,state,nation and world and even outer space.31.A.Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before 32.A.reason B.cause C.problem D.purpose 33.A.make B.publish C.know D.write 34.A.another B.other C.one another D.the other 35.A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So 36.A.value B.ratio C.rate D.speed 37.A.spread B.passed C.printed D.completed 38.A.inform B.be informed C.to be informed D.informed 39.A.on B.through C.with D.of 40.A.forms B.existence C.contents D.purpose 41.A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds in 42.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance 43.A.measures B.measured C.is measured D.was measured 44.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offered 45.A.by B.with C.at D.about Passage 4 The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.46)_ these wide modern roads are generally 47)_ and well maintained,with 48)_ sharp curves and straight sections,a direct route is not always the most 49)_ one.Large highways often pass 50)_ scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore,these highways generally 51)_ large urban centers,which means that they become crowded with 52)_ traffic during rush hours,53)_ the fast,direct route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take 54)_ you are not in a hurry.Not far from the 55)_ new superhighways,there are often older,56)_ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside.57)_ of these are good two lane roads;others are uneven roads curving through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high 58)_,or down frightening hillside to towns 59)_ in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places 60)_the air is clean and scenery is beautiful,and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh,clean view of the world.46.A.Although B.Since C.Because D.Therefore 47.A.stable B.splendid C.smooth D.complicated 48.A.little B.few C.much D.many 49.A.terrible B.possible C.enjoyable D.profitable 50.A.to B.into C.over D.by 51.A.lead B.connect C.collect D.communicate 52.A.large B.fast C.high D.heavy 53.A.when B.for C.but D.that 54.A.unless B.if C.as D.since 55.A.relatively B.regularly C.respectively D.reasonably 56.A.and B.less C.more D.or 57.A.All B.Several C.Lots D.Some 58.A.rocks B.cliffs C.roads D.paths 59.A.lying B.laying C.laid D.lied 60.A.there B.when C.which D.where Passage 5 Early Tudor England was to a large extent self-sufficient.Practically all the necessities of life-food,clothing,fuel and housing-were produced from native resources by native effort,and it was to 61)_ these primary needs that the great mass of the population labored 62)_ its daily tasks.Production was for the most part organized in innumerable small units.In the country the farm,the hamlet and the village lived on 63)_ they could grow or make for themselves,and 64)_ the sale of any surplus in the local market town,65)_ in the towns craftsmen applied themselves to their one-man business,making the boots and shoes,the caps and the cloaks,the 66)_ and harness of townsmen and countrymen 67)_.Once a week town and country would meet to make 68)_ at a market which came 69)_ realizing the medieval idea of direct contact between producer and 70)_.This was the traditional economy,which was hardly altered for some centuries,and which set the 71)_ of work and the standard of life of perhaps nice out of 72)_ ten English men and women.The work was long and 73)_,and the standard of life achieved was almost 74)_ low.Most Englishmen lied by a diet which was often 75)_ and always monotonous,wore coarse and ill-fitting clothes which harbored dirt undermine,and lived in holes whose squalor would affront the modern slum dweller.61.A.settle B.answer C.satisfy D.fill 62.A.at B.in C.on D.with 63.A.which B.what C.whether D.where 64.A.with B.by C.on D.for 65.A.although B.while C.nevertheless D.when 66.A.machines B.apparatus C.equipment D.implement 67.A.similar B.skin C.like D.alike 68.A.exchange B.bargain C.dealing D.ride 69.A.close at B.adjacent to C.near to D.near-by 70.A.consumer B.buyer C.user D.shopper 71.A.model B.form C.pattern D.method 72.A.every B.each C.the D.other 73.A.cruel B.hard C.ruthless D.severe 74.A.unimaginatively B.unimaginably C.imaginarily D.unimaginedly 75.A.weak B.little C.meager D.sparse Passage 6 Unlike most sports,which evolved over time from street games,basketball was designed by one man to suit a particular purpose.The man was Dr.James Naismith,and his purpose was to invent a vigorous game that could be played indoors in the winter.In 1891,Naismith was an instructor at a training school,which trained physical education instructors for the YMCAs.That year the school was trying 76)_ up with a physical activity that the men could enjoy 77)_ the football and baseball seasons.None of the standard indoor activities 78)_ their interest for long.Naismith was asked to solve the problem by the school.He first tried to 79)_ some of the popular outdoor sports,but they were all too rough.The men were getting bruised form tackling each other and 80)_ hit with equipment.So,Naismith decided to invent a game that would incorporate the most common elements of outdoor team sports without having the real physical contact.Most popular sports used a ball,so he chose a soccer ball because it was soft and large enough that it 81)_ no equipment,such as a bat or a racket to hit it.Next he decided 82)_ an elevated goal,so that scoring world depend on skill and accuracy rather than on 83)_ only.His goals were two peach baskets,84)_ to ten-foot-high balconies at each end of the gym.The basic 85)_ of the game was to throw the ball into the basket.Naismith worth rules for the game,86)_ of which,though with some small changes,are still 87)_ effect.Basketball was an immediate success.The students 88)_ it to their friends and the new sport quickly 89)_ on.Today,basketball is one of the most popular games 90)_ the world.76.A.to have come B.coming C.come D.to come 77.A.between B.during C.when D.for 78.A.roused B.held C.had D.were 79.A.imitate B.adopt C.adapt D.renovate 80.A.being B.to be C.been D.were 81.A.requested B.used C.required D.took 82.A.on B.to C.of D.with 83.A.power B.strength C.force D.might 84.A.fixed B.fixing C.that fix D.which fixed 85.A.method B.rule C.way D.idea 86.A.few B.much C.many D.little 87.A.with B.in C.on D.for 88.A.defined B.spread C.taught D.discussed 89.A.went B.took C.put D.caught 90.A.of B.throughout C.among D.through 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.D 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.A 31.C 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.D 37.C 38.D 39.B 40.B 41.C 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.B 49.C 50.D 51.B 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.A 56.B 57.D 58.B 59.A 60.D 61.C 62.A 63.B 64.C 65.B 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C 70.A 71.C 72.A 73.B 74.B 75.C 76.D 77.A 78.B 79.C 80.A 81.C 82.A 83.B 84.A 85.D 86.C 87.B 88.C 89.B 90.B Cloze Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Select the correct choice for each blank.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern bent emerged during the 18th century.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters(1)_ natural beauty,the sublime,and representation-a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.(2)_ that time,however,the philosophy of art has become ever more(3)_ and has begun to(4)_ the philosophy of nature.Various issues(5)_ to the philosophy of art have had a(6)_ impact(7)_ the orientation of 20th-century aesthetics.(8)_ among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and(9)_ the distinction between representation and expression.Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art.Two opposing theoretical positions(10)_ on this issue:one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good,(11)_ the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste,one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing(12)_ with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,(13)_ have followed(14)_ of two approaches.In one,criticism is restricted to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.(15)_,it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to(16)_ a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years,aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such(17)_ problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance;the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture;the(18)_ of a history of art;the(19)_ of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism;and the place of aesthetic judgment in practical(20)_ in the conduct o