2023年人教版八年级英语上册unit1知识点归纳总结全面汇总归纳文档良心出品.pdf

第 1 页 共 16 页 年 级：八年级 学 员 姓 名：辅 导 科 目：英语 授课教 师：雷老师 课 题 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation？课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课 重 难 点 一般过去时用法不定代词的用法重点短语的掌握单词与词组的解析 教 学 内 容 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重要短语梳理 go on vacation 去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 quite a few 相当多 study for 为而学习 most of the time 大部分时间 taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得高兴 feel like 给的感觉；感受到 go shopping 去购物 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续 take photos 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来 buy sth.for sb./buy sb.sth.为某人买某物 taste+adj.尝起来 look+adj.看起来 nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+adj.看起来 arrive in+大地点/arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 start doing/to do sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停止去做另一件事 dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do.sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj/adv+that+从句 如此以至于 tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 第 2 页 共 16 页 二 重点语法梳理 1.anything interesting 一些有趣的东西 1）当形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；Is there_ _in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗？2）不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here?大家都到齐了吗？3)something，somebody，someone，somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere 用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do anything interesting?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why don t you visit someone with me?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）2buy sth.for sb.或 buy sb.sth 如：My parents often buy some books for me.=My parents often buy me some books.我父母经常给我买书。My uncle _ a bike.=My uncle _ for me.我的叔叔给我买了一辆自行车。3.提建议的句子：What/how about+doing sth.?如：What/How about going shopping?Why dont you+do sth.?如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not+do sth.?如：Why not go shopping?Lets+do sth.如：Lets go shopping Shall we/I+do sth.?如：Shall we/I go shopping?4.quite a few 相当多 a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 few,little,a few,a little：的用法 few,a few 修饰可数名词，little,a little修饰不可数名词。few,little具有否定意义，表示“几乎没有”，a few,a little 具有肯定意义，表示“一些”。如：He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。如：He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。He has_ money,but _students want to lend money to him.他几乎没有钱，但是几乎没有学生想借钱给他。There is _milk and _apples left in the fridge.第 3 页 共 16 页 冰箱里还有一些牛奶和一些苹果。延伸：quite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。a.He stays here for _ _ _days.b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).5.Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。1）seem 意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth.好像做某事 如：They seem to talk in class.他们似乎上课说话。seem（to be）+adj.似乎.如：He seemed(to be)ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。It seems that+从句 似乎.如：It seems that he was ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。2）辨析：bored与 boring a.bored 意为“厌烦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人。b.boring 意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”，一般在句中修饰事或物。eg：a.Im _with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。b.I find the story very_.我发现这个故事太无聊了。interested adj.（人）感兴趣的 interesting adj.（事物）有趣的 surprised adj.（人）感到惊奇的 surprising adj.（事物）惊奇的 tired（人）累的 tiring（事物）令人疲惫的 excited（人）兴奋的 exciting（事物）令人兴奋/激动的 amazed（人）惊讶的 amazing（事物）令人惊讶的 Eg：a.The story is_(exciting,excited).b.He told me the_(exciting,excited)news.c.Sarah was_(exciting,excited)to see the singer.6.arrive 不及物动词，意为“到达”。arrive in 表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive at表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。辨析：arrive in+大地点/arrive at+小地点 get to+地点 reach+地点 注意：若他们后面要加地点副词 here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。7.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做 如：She enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself.他过得很愉快。跟它意思相近的词组还有 have a good/great/wonderful time,have fun。8.decide 意为“决定”，是动词。它的名词形式为 decision。构成的短语有：decide to do sth.decide on doing sth.决定做某事 make a decision to do sth.第 4 页 共 16 页 决定不要做某事，要用 decide not to do sth.。They_ _ _the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。9.nothing.but.意为“除.之外；只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。10.feel like 意为：“有什么感觉；感受到”，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I felt like I was a bird.我感觉我是一只鸟。I feel like eating.我想吃东西。Do you feel like _(take)a walk in the park with me?你想跟我在公园散步吗？11.because of,because：because of+名词/代词/名词性短语 如：I had to move because of my job.因为工作的原因我得搬家。because+从句 如：I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。12.below 意为“在.下面”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上面”13.bring sth.to+地点，意为“带来”，其反义词是 take。如：Please bring your book to our school.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school.请把你的书带到你的学校去。14.enough 足够(名前形后)形容词enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing.我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。15.so that 如此以致于 引导结果状语从句，so+形容词/副词+that 从句。如：She was so sad that she couldnt say a word.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。16.taste good 尝起来很好吃。taste 系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得）keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）系动词+形容词 I feel sick。我感到难受。Keep quiet，please！请安静下来！The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。He seems very clever。他好像很聪明。Jim looks like his father。吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible.这鱼闻起来坏了。That sounds a good idea。那听起来是个好主意。The soup tastes very delicious。第 5 页 共 16 页 这汤尝起来非常香。17.How did you like it?你觉得它怎么样？How do/did you like?意为“你觉得怎么样？”，用来询问对方的观点或看法，相当于 What do you think of?eg:How do you like your new job?=_ _ _ _ your new job?一般过去时变化规则(1)一般在动词后加-ed。如：playplayed,offer offered,weigh weighed,Destroy destroyed,sign signed.(2)在以字母 e 结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked,provide provided,hate hated,date dated。(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改 y 为 i，再加 ed。如：supply supplied,flyflied,study studied.(4)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned,refer referred,regret regretted,ban banned.二不规则变化特殊记 课堂达标 一，单项选择。()1,-Where she on vacation?-She visited her uncle.A,did,go B,does,go C,does,went()2,-When you the car?-Last August.A,do,buy B,did,bought C,did,buy()3,I didn t go to the mountains the bad weather.A,because B,so C,because of()4,-Do you have to say for yourself?-No,I have to say.A,something,anything B,anything,nothing C,everything.Nothing()5,-Would you like to eat?-Thanks,please.A,something B,anything C,nothing()6,He seems very happy.A,is B,to is C,to be()7,I bought nothing,because everything very expensive.A,were B,was C,are()8,He went into his room and to work.A,starts B,started C,startted ()9,My grandma enjoys in the countryside.A,lives B,to live C,living 第 6 页 共 16 页()10,The new kind of ring is expensive.I don t have money.A,too much,much too B,much too,too much C,much too,too many()11-,-Don t forget your homework,John?,-OK,I ll do it right now.A,doing B,to do C,do()12,Today is my mother s birthday,I want some flowers her.A,buy,for B,to buy,of C,to buy,for()13,-Jack,could you help me when the plane will take off(起飞)on the Internet?-I m sorry,my computer doesn t work.A,get out B,look out C,find out()14,There is food in the fridge.I want to buy some in the supermarket.A,a little B,little C.few()15,My sister is to go to school.A,old enough B,enough old C,young enough 能力提升 一句型转换。1,I did something special last summer.(改否定句)I special last summer.2,She studied for tests yesterday.(对划线部分提问)she do yesterday?3,What do you think of Guangyuan?(改同义句)you Guangyuan?4,His last vacation was great.(改一般疑问句)his last vacation great?5,The students had great fun in the park.(改同义句)The students in the park.二，用所给单词的适当形式填空。6,I guess Sally enjoyed (she)at the dancing party.7,He (eat)an apple just now.8,Vera often (go)to the beach in summer.9,We stopped to have a rest and then kept (go).10,There (be)two meetings last week.课后作业 1.-How was your weekend,Mingming?-A,I don t like it B,Yes,it s OK.C,It was great!2.Paul and I tennis yesterday.A,were played B,played C,are playing 3.-What did Mr.Smith do before he came to China?-He in a car factory.A,worked B,works C,is working 4.He works in the school a teacher.A,as B,by C,about 5.Hurry her up!We are all her.第 7 页 共 16 页 A,waiting for B,wait for C,waiting 6.We to Penang Hill last Sunday.The city looked beautiful the top of the hill.A,go,on B,went,from C,goes,in 7.-Where would you like to go on your summer vacation,Mike?-I d like to go .A,nowhere interesting B,interesting anywhere C,somewhere interesting 8.It s cold,so we decided at home.A,stay B,to stay C,stayed 9.I arrived in Leishan last Sunday.(替换划线的短语)A,got B,got to C,reach 10.went camping last weekend because of the rainy weather.A,Someone B,No one C,Everyone 11.The bag is heavy I can t carry(搬动)it.A,too,to B,so,that C,as,as 12.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening read.A,but B,so C,about 13.-Kate,I m going on business.Please look after well.-Don t worry,Mom,I will.A,yourselves B,myself C,yourself 14.He is a famous cook.This dish tastes A,well B,good C,badly 第 8 页 共 16 页 Unit2 How often do you exercise？课程类型：复习课 重难点：语法点 1.频度副词的用法 2.how often 引导到的特殊疑问句 3.一般现在时的用法；重点短语 23.more than 多于；超过 24.less than 少于 25.at least 至少 26.have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 用法集萃 1.help sb.with sth.=help sb(to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 2.How about?=What about .怎么样？/好不好？3.want sb.to do sth.=would like sb to do sth 想让某人做某事 4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？有多少?5.主+find+that从句.发现 6.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 7.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是的。8.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 9.by doing sth.通过做某事 第 9 页 共 16 页 10.Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的是什么？11.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 12.(1).不确定的频度副词：表示动作发生间隔（既频率）的副词。它们有：always;usually;often;sometimes;seldom；hardly ever;never 等。always（100%）usually（约 80%90%）often（约 60%）sometimes（约 30%）seldom（约 20%）hardly ever（约 10%）never（0%）在句中位置：频度副词在句中通常放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，在实义动词之前。She is often late for school./I can never be sure./He always helps me.(2).表示确定的频率短语 every day/week/month/year 每天/周/月/年;once a week 每周一次;twice a week 每周两次;twice a month 一月两次;three times a day 一天三次。注：三次或三次以上一般用“基数词times”表示。13辨析：sometimes，some times，sometime，some time sometimes 有时候。=at times也是“有时”的意思。some times 几次。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。some time 一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 how long。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”。重点句子点拨：1.What s your favorite program？你最喜欢的节目是什么？点拨：句型：What s your favorite.?=What.do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？2Are you free next week？你下周有空吗？点拨：free 意为“空闲的，有空的”，反义词 busy。be free 意为“闲着，有空”。eg:：He is free now.他现在有空。拓展：free 还可译为“免费的”。Eg：The tickets are free.票是免费的。第 10 页 共 16 页 3I go to the movies maybe once a month.我大概每月去看一次电影。点拨 1：go to the movies看电影；点拨 2：maybe 意为“也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。may be“可能是，也许是。是情态动词+be 动词的结构。4.He plays at least twice a week.他至少每周踢两次（球）。点拨：at least 意为“至少”。其反义词为 at most“最多”。5.But my mother wants me to drink it.但我妈妈想让我喝它。点拨：want sb.to do sth.意为“想让某人做某事”，否定形式为 want sb.not to do sth.意为“不想让某人 做某事”。Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens.她想让我给她带些钢笔。拓展：（1）.want sth.想要某物 Do you want any story books？你想要些故事书吗？（2）.want to do sth.想要做某事。如：I want to visit my uncle.我想去看望我的叔叔。6.She says its good for my health.她说它对我的健康有好处。点拨：be good for 意为“对有益”。反义词为 be bad for“对有害”。Eg:Vegetables are good for you.蔬菜对你有好处。拓展：be good at 擅长 ；be good at doing sth.擅长做 7.She says she is afraid.她说她害怕。点拨：afraid 意为“担心的，害怕的”。be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane.我害怕乘飞机旅行。.be afraid of sb.sth.害怕某人某物；be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。典句必背 1.Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular.尽管许多学生喜 欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。2.Here are the results.这是（调查）结果。3.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.通过上网或看游戏类节目是很好 的放松方式。4.However,she has some bad habits,too.然而她也有一些坏习惯。第 11 页 共 16 页 5.She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day.她通常每天看两个多小时的电视。巩固提升 .单项选择(每小题 1 分，共 15 分)1Although they feel tired，_they still go on working.Aand Bbut C/Dso 2His grandmother is well because she often _.Aexercises Bsmokes Csleeps Dsings 3_do they play basketball?Every day.AHow soon BHow much CHow many DHow often 4His mother wants him_at home today.Astays Bstayed Cto stay Dstaying 5Here_the results_the exam.Ais；with Bare；of Cis；of Dare；with 6Mr.Morgan _ know the way to the museum.Amaybe Bmay be Cmay Dperhaps 7Many animals _ because the weather was bad.Awere dead Bdied Cdying Ddeath 8They usually go shopping _.Aone a week Bonce a week Cone the week Donce week 9Tim is young，_，he can speak three languages.Abut Byet Chowever Dthough 10Smoking_your health.Ais good for Bis bad for Cis good to Dis bad to 11I do homework every day，usually when I come_home_school.Ato；from Bat；for C/；from Dfrom；to 12The students exercise every day，and they try_themselves healthy.Akeep Bkeeping 第 12 页 共 16 页 Ckept Dto keep 13_ hours do you exercise every day?AHow long BHow much CHow many DHow often 14The answers _ these questions were very _.Aof；interesting Bto；interested Cof；interested Dto；interesting 15How _juice would you like?One kilo.Amany Bmuch Cheavy Doften.完形填空(每小题 2 分，共 20 分)How can we keep healthy？One important thing is to exercise _16_.The Smith family try to exercise every day.Qiang Smith _17_ not exercise in the morning because he must be at his job at seven oclock.But he runs every evening.He walks a lot，_18_.He walks to school every day and after school he _19_basketball with his friends.Qiang goes to a yoga(瑜伽)class_20_a week.But it isnt_21_ this way.Last year Mr.and Mrs.Smith drove(驾车)everywhere.They thought they should use(使用)the_22_all the time.Now the Smiths dont use their car，and they all _23_ better now.And they think they mustnt be_24_.They dont have to exercise every day，but they should_25_to keep in good health.16A.sometimes Boften Cnever Dalways 17A.may Bcan Cmaybe Dcan be 18A.either Balso Ctoo Dwell 19A.plays Bwatches Csurfs Dlooks 20A.sometimes Bthree time Cthree times Dsome time 21A.always Busually Chardly Dsometimes 22A.skateboard Bbike Ccar Dship 23A.have Bmake Cfeel Dstudy 24A.lazy Bhealthy Cactive Dwell 25A.want Bkeep Cstay Dtry .阅读理解(每小题 2 分，共 30 分)第 13 页 共 16 页 A Mr.King lives in a city.He owns some shops and makes a lot of money.His son，Mike，studies at a middle school.The boy likes everything but studying.He doesnt listen to his teachers in class and he never finishes his homework on time.He always plays football when he has any free time.He can never pass the exams.Mr.King is so busy with his business that he has little time to stay at home.He never pays any attention(关心)to his sons studies，so he doesnt know how he is doing.One day Miss Read，Mikes teacher，telephones Mr.King.On the telephone she tells him all about the boys studies.She wants him to try to help his son at home.When the man hears this，he doesnt feel very happy.In the afternoon when his son comes back from school，Mr.King gives him a good tellingoff(责备)，but soon feels sorry for it when he sees Mike crying in the bedroom.The next morning，before Mike goes to school，he says to him，“Study hard and Ill buy you a car when you pass the exam next year.”Another term is over.Mike doesnt pass the exam once more.Mr.King has a look at the school report for a few minutes and then he asks his son，“You dont pass the exam again，Mike.What did you do this term？”“I learned how to drive a car，dad，”an swers the boy.26Mr.King is _.Aa football player Ba teacher Ca driver Da businessman(商人)27Mike can never pass the exams because _.Ahis father has a lot of money Bhe doesnt like studying Chis teachers are not very good Dhe has to help his fath