2023年仁爱版初中英语讲义九年级被动语态的讲解和练习.pdf

学习必备 欢迎下载 被动语态 一、导入 二、（1）专题讲解 专题 1：被动语态 1、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。2、五种基本句型结构之一：主+谓+宾 E.g:I eat an apple.Tom plays basketball.（注:在“主+谓+宾”结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。）3、被动语态谓语结构：be done（过去分词）1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 e.g.：Many people speak Chinese.2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people.被动语态变化模式如图：孩子弄的大人没脾气 儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？老公：不知道。儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。学习必备 欢迎下载 They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.4、被动语态的使用情况：1）、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑 是谁偷的)2）、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；The door was opened.（没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）3)、只需强调动作的承受者时。The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。5、各种时态的被动语态结构:be done(总结构)6、主动语态变被动语态步骤：1.判断时态：思考这种时态的被动语态结构。2 主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主）。3.谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be+done）4.主语放 by 后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by（被）之后，将主格变 为宾格。e.g.：1、All the people laughed at him.时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 dodoes amisare+done 一般过去时 did waswere+done 现在进行时 amisare+doing amisare+being+done 过去进行时 waswere+doing waswere+being+done 一般将来时 will+do will be+done 现在完成时 havehas+done havehas+been+done 有情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 He was laughed at by all people.2、He cuts down a tree A tree is cut down by him.3、I am eating an apple.An apple is being eaten by me.4、They grow rice in South China.Rice is grown in South China.5、They will do their homework tomorrow.Their homework will be done by them tomorrow.7、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。（歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加 be，加“过分”。）e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired by us in two days.2.He must finish this work soon.This work must be finished by him soon.3.We should plant trees in spring.Trees should be planted by us in spring.初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that can（be done）能够被 may（be done）可以能被 must（be done）必须被 need（be done）需要被 should（be done）应该被 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 据推测说 It is supposed that 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina is asked to come by Paul Tina 是被 Paul 叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 四、巩固练习 一、单选：()1.The flowers _ often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water()2.The books may_ for two weeks.A.be kept B.be borrowed C.keep D.borrow()3.The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended()4.Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept ()5.The pot _ for _ hot water A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载()6.Tea _ in the south of China.A.grows B.is grown C.were grown D.will grow()7.The bridges_ two years ago.A.is built B.built C.were built D.was built()8.The bike _ 500 yuan.A.was cost B.costed C.cost D.is costed ()9.-Kate got her drivers license yesterday.-I think 15-year-olds _ drive.They are not calm enough.A.should be allowed not to B.should allow to C.shouldnt be allowed to D.should be allowed to ()10.The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found 五、拓展训练 一、将下列主动句转换成被动句 1.The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games._ 2.The workers are building a new railway between the two cities._ 3.They should do it right now._ 4.They named the boy Johnson._ 5.The monster let the little girl clean the cave._ .6.eople in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress._ 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 7.We cant do it in one day._ 8.Young people must take good care of old people _ 当堂过手训练(快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)一、单选：()1.English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken()2.This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung()3.This kind of car _ in Japan.A,makes B.made C.is making D.is made()4.New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used()5.Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep()6.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need()7.His new book_ next month.A will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published()8.Japanese _ in every country.A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking()9.These papers _ yet.呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written 初中英语不规则动词表 1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 costk st costk st costk st 花费 cutk t cutk t cutk t 割，切 hurth:t hurth:t hurth:t 受伤 hithit hithit hithit 打，撞 letlet letlet letlet 让 putput putput putput 放下 readri:d readri:d readri:d 读 setset setset setset 安排，安置 spreadspred spreadspred spreadspred 展开，传播，涂 spitspit spit/spatspit spit/spatspit 吐痰,shutt shutt shutt 关上,闭起,停止营业 2.ABB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败 3.ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 becomebik m becamebikeim becomebik m 变 comek m camekeim comek m 来 runr n ranrn runr n 跑 4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母 d,t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形 过去式 过去分词 burnb:n burntb:nt burntb:nt 燃烧 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 dealdi:l dealtdelt dealtdelt 解决 dreamdri:m dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdremt 做梦 hearhi heardh:d heardh:d 听见 hangh hanged/hungh hanged/hung 绞死，悬挂 learnl:n learned/learntl:nt learned/learntl:nt 学习 lightlait lit/lightedlit lit/lightedlit 点燃,照亮 meanmi:n meantment meantment 意思 provepru:v proved proven/provedpru:v n 证明,证实,试验 shine ain shone/shined shone/shinedun,n 使照耀，使发光 showu showed showed/shownun 展示,给.看 smellsmel smelled/smeltsmelt smelled/smeltsmelt 闻,嗅 speedspi:d spedsped/speeded sped/speededsped 加速 spellspel spelled/speltspelt spelled/speltspelt 拼写 wakeweik waked/wokew uk waked/wokenw uk n 醒来，叫醒,激发 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形 过去式 过去分词 buildbild builtbilt builtbilt 建筑 lendlend lentlent lentlent 借给 rebuild,ri:bild rebuilt,ri:bilt rebuilt,ri:bilt 改建,重建 sendsend sentsent sentsent 送 spendspend spentspent spentspent 花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bringbri broughtbr :t broughtbr :t 带来 buybai boughtb:t boughtb:t 买 fightfait foughtf:t foughtf:t 打架 thinkik thought :t thought :t 思考,想(4)原形aught aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 catchkt caughtk:t caughtk:t 捉,抓 teachti:t taughtt:t taughtt:t 教（5）变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 digdi dugd dugd 掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:d fedfed fedfed 喂 findfaind found found 发现，找到 get et got t got/gotten t n 得到 holdh uld heldheld heldheld 拥有，握住，支持 leadli:d ledled ledled 引导,带领,领导 meetmi:t metmet metmet 遇见 sitsit satst satst 坐 shoot u:t shott shott 射击 spitspit spit/spatspt spit/spatspt 吐痰,stickstik stuckst k stuckst k 插进,刺入,粘住,呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 winwin wonw n wonw n 赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 feelfi:l feltfelt feltfelt 感到 keepki:p keptkept keptkept 保持 leaveli:v leftleft leftleft 离开 sleepsli:p sleptslept sleptslept 睡觉 sweepswi:p sweptswept sweptswept 扫(7)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 laylei laidleid laidleid 下蛋,放置 paypei paidpeid paidpeid 付 saysei saidsed saidsed 说 standstnd stoodstud stoodstud 站 understand understood,nd stnd understood,nd stnd 明白 loselu:z lostl st,l :st lostl st,l :st 失去 haveh v hadhd,h d,d hadhd,h d,d 有 makemeik mademeid mademeid 制造 sellsel solds uld solds uld 卖 telltel toldt uld toldt uld 告诉 retell,ri:tel retold,ri:t uld retold,ri:t uld 重讲，重复，复述 5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 blowbl u blewblu:blown 吹 drive draiv drovedr uv drivendriv n 驾驶 drawdr :drewdru:drawndr :n 画画 eati:t ateet,eit eateni:t n 吃 fallf:l Fellfel fallenf:l n 落下 give iv gave eiv given iv n 给 grow r u grew ru:grown r un 生长 forgivef iv forgotf t forgiven 原谅,饶恕 known u knewnju:,nu:known 知道 mistakemisteik mistookmistuk mistooken 弄错;误解,overeat uv i:t overate,uv reit overeaten(使)吃过量 provepru:v proved proven/proved 证明,证实,试验 taketeik tooktuk takenteikn,teik n 拿 throwr u threwru:thrownr un,r un 抛，扔 rideraid roder ud riddenrid n 骑 seesi:saws:seensi:n 看见 showu showed showed/shownun 展示 writerait wroter ut writtenrit n 写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 breakbreik brokebr uk brokenbr uk n 打破 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电学习必备 欢迎下载 chooset u:z chosetuz chosentuz n 选择 get et got t got/gotten t n 得到 hidehaid hidhid hiddenhid n 隐藏 forgetf et forgotf t forgottenf tn 忘记 freezefri:z frozefr uz frozenfr uzn 冷冻,结冰，感到严寒 speakspi:k spokesp uk spokensp uk n 说 stealsti:l stole stolenst ul n 偷 (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beginbi in beganbi n begunbi n 开始 drinkdrik drankdrk drunkdr k 喝 singsi sangs sungs 唱 sinksik sanks k sunks k 下沉,沉没 swimswim swamswm swumsw m 游泳 ringri rangr rungr 打电话（4）其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am,is,are)was/were been 是 bearb boreb:born/borneb:n 负担,忍受 dodu:,du:diddid doned n 做 flyflai flewflu:flownfl un 飞 go u wentwent gone n 去 lielai laylei lainlein 躺 wearw worew :wornw :n 穿 呀二专题讲解专题被动语态语态概述我吃了一个苹果那现在苹果怎样了种基本句型结构之一主谓宾注在主谓宾结构中主语是动作的执行者宾语用情况当不知道谁是动作的执行者时一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电