2023年在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.pdf
精品资料 欢迎下载 在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.(手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who 称为关系代词,where、when、how 称为关系副词。关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词 who、whom 和 whose 指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which 指物 that 多指物,有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief(that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.(这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。)/Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.(请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)关系副词 when 或 where 引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。)/I can never forget the day when I first saw you.(我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book,which none of us had heard of.(她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)注解 1、关系代词只能用that 的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all,anything 等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用 that.如：All that Lily told me seems untrue.(Lily 告诉我的话似乎不真实。)/Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?(能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？)/This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.(这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用 who(指人)、that(指物),而不用 that 指人或用 which 指物。如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?(你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？)/Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.(跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用 which 或 whom,较少使用 that 或 who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如：Toms father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.(Tom 的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用 which 或 whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用 that或 who.如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.(=This is the room Miss Li once lived in.)(这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)1、定语从句中的关系词之三大功能 作用 关 系 词 连接作用 替代先行词 在从句中充当某一成分 关 系 代 词 who 人 主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom 人 宾语（在口语中可用 who 代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose 人/物 定语（可用 of+which 取代）which 物/句子 主语/宾语/表语 that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语 精品资料 欢迎下载 as 人/物/句子 主语/宾语/表语 关 系 副 词 when 时间名词 时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where 地点名词 地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）why the reason 原因状语（可用“for+which”取代）2、先行词为时间名词、地点名词和 reason 时，是选用关系代词，关系副词还是“介词+which”呢？在考查定语从句时往往结合一定的情景，因此，在解答时，必须根据情景和结构功能来选择所给的引导词。同时，还必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由先行词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是 when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非 where,先行词是 the reason时，关系词 why 决非唯一。我们应仔细分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。请比较下面的句子，看看你能否作出正确的选择。试一试吧，你能行的！I still remember the days_we spent in the countryside ten years ago.A.when B.on which C.that D.for which Daye,_I visited ten years ago,has turned big city.A.where B.x C.which D.to which Have you asked her for the reason_may explain for her absence?A.why B.that C.x D.for which The days are gone forever_we didnt have enough to eat.A.since B.that C.where D.when This is the very place_the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there 怎么样，玩转了吗？检验一下吧：1 5 CCBDC 3、定语从句必须修饰一个名词或代词，没有先行词的定语从句是不可想象的。有时，先行词并非一个词乃为一个完整的句子。“介词+which”前一定有一个时间、地点名词；而“介词+what”前往往无时间、地点名词。请量体裁衣，好吗？大胆一点，你会成为一名高级缝纫师的！1、He lives in _is called Da Quangou.(B)2.Do you know the place in_he used to live?(D)3.Is there a hospital around_I can buy some medicine for cough?(A)4.Do you know the hospital around_stand a lot of buildings?(D)5.He is still working _he has worked for ten years.(A)A.where B.what C.that D.which 4、as 和 which 引导的非限制性从句之异同 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法既有相同之处，也存不同之点。具体情况是：（1）as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：He married the girl,as/which was natural.接词称为关系词其中称为关系代词称为关系副词关系代词或关系副词的是我们近日一直在找的小偷请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间关系定语从句制性定语从句在句中不能省略否则主句意思就不完整非制性定精品资料 欢迎下载（2）as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可以分割主句，且常见于 as is known,as sb.can know,as sb.know,as is wellknown,as it is,as is said above 等句型中。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如”，“好象”的含义。如：As is known to all,China is a developing country.He is from the south,as we can know from his accent.John,as you know,is a famous writer.Zhang hua has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont bielieve.（3）当定语从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用 which.如：He came late this morning,which made the teacher very angry.（4）当先行词由 such,the same修饰时，关系词常用 as。如：This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由 the same修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但与 as 引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的用一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。5、定语从句与同位语从句之区别（1）定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Beijing.（定语从句）The fact that he has already died is quite clear（同位语从句）（2）定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，同位语从句主要由连接词 that 引导，在从句中一般不充当成分；有时也由 where,how,when,who,whether,what等连词引导。但其说明之词并非时间、地点、方式等名词。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.（定语从句）The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语从句）I have no idea when he will come back.（同位语从句）6、定语从句与强调句型之区别 关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉 it is(was)tha 后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中 that 是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉 that 句子是不成立的。It is the factory where I worked ten years ago.（定语从句）It is in the factory that he works.（强调句型）7、where,when 引导定语从句与其连接的状语从句之辨别 当 where、when 从句是定语从句时，其前必有一地点名词、时间名词，此时，可换用“介词+which”。当前面没有地点名词、时间名词时，我们不可用“介词+which”来取代 where 连接的从句，因为此时的where、when 从句乃名词性从句或状语从句 接词称为关系词其中称为关系代词称为关系副词关系代词或关系副词的是我们近日一直在找的小偷请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间关系定语从句制性定语从句在句中不能省略否则主句意思就不完整非制性定
