英美文学鉴赏.docx

英美文学鉴赏 第一篇：英美文学鉴赏 英美文学鉴赏 从人物的语言角度赏析 鉴赏一篇文章，我们可以从不同的角度去分析，而作品中人物的语言描写就是一个比较常见的角度。 语言描写是塑造人物形象的重要手段，一段精彩的语言描写可以显明地展示人物的性格，生动地表现人物的思想感情，深刻地反映人物的内心世界，让读者“如闻其声，如见其人，使读者留下深刻的印象。 语言描写包括人物的独白和对话。作品中出现的独白是人物心理活动的表现。莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一哈姆雷特中有这样一段经典的独白：“To be, or not to be- that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer父亲突然死亡，叔叔继位并且娶嫂为妻，与此同时，一个深夜，父亲冤死的鬼魂出现，让他报仇，之前精神的苦痛已使哈姆雷特的精神颓唐，而鬼魂揭露的真相又加重了他的心理负担。在这样的状况下，哈姆雷特的内心才有这样一段独白。这段独白反映了当时哈姆雷特内心的苦痛与纠结，他既盼望可以可走出黑暗，但又摆脱不了对死亡的恐惊。语言描写不仅反映了人物的心理活动，而且还预示并推动了整个故事的进展，从这段独白来看，我们不难看出接下来哈姆雷特会不惜一切代价报仇，而最终以悲剧收尾。 相比于独白，以对话形式出现的语言描写更常见。从这些对话中，我们可以了解到人物的一些性格特征。在马克吐温的小说汤姆索亚历险记中，有这样一段对话：“喂，汤姆，让我来刷点儿看看。汤姆想了一下，正预备容许他；可是他马上又变更了方法：“不，不行，本，我想这生怕不行。要知道，波莉姨妈对这面墙是很讲究的，这可是当街的一面，不过要是后面的，你刷刷倒也无妨，姨妈也不会在乎的。是，她对这道墙是特殊讲究的。刷这墙确定得特殊细心。我想在一千，或许在两千个孩子里，也找不出一个能按波莉姨妈的要求刷好这道墙的。“是吗？哎，就让我试一试吧。我只刷一点儿，汤姆，假如我是你的话，我会让你试试的。“本，我倒是情愿，说真的。可是，波莉姨妈，唉，吉姆想刷，可她不叫他刷，希德也想干，她也不让希德干。如今，你知道我该有多么犯难？要是你来摆布这墙，万一出了什么毛病原来是一件谁都不想干的苦差事，可是经过汤姆这么一渲染，就有人傻傻地上当了，自愿帮他刷墙。从这一段对话中，我们可以觉察汤姆是一个有才智的人，并且擅长利用他的才智。马克吐温在这个地方就为下文汤姆带着小伙伴们去历险并取得确定的胜利做了铺垫。 语言描写时加入了说话者的语气、动作和神态，使人物性格更加显明，让读者有亲临现场，亲眼目睹此番情景的真实感受，更符合生活的真实。通过分析作品中人物的语言描写，我们可以去了解一个人，从而去理解整部作品。 110204218 王磊 其次篇：英美文学 术语说明： Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines. Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines. Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes. 2. The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4. The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucers plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccios Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written. 5. William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism. 6. In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote: 1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI 1591The First part of King Henry VI 1592The Life and Death of King Richard III; The Comedy of Errors 1593Titus Andronicus; The Taming of the Shrew 1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona; Loves Labours Lost; Romeo and Juliet 1595The Life and Death of Richard II; A Midsummer Nights Dream 159615971598Much Ado About Nothing; The Merry Wives of Windsor; The Life of King Henry V 1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar; As You Like It 1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will In the second period: 1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida; Alls Well That Ends Well 160416051606Antony and Cleopatra 1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus; Timon of Athens 1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre In the third period: 1609Cymbeline, King of Britain 1610The Winters Tale 1612The Tempest; The Life of King Henry VIII 7. Hamlet. To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener. To die, to sleep, no more. 8. Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist. John Donne, a metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人) John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1 out of Eden. John Bunyan, The plain mans pathway to heaven.胜利刻画人物。 Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主子公鲁滨孙的胜利刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏困难和困苦，充溢野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，坚韧毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手变更一切、创建一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。 Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, whats more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism. John Swift, his Gullivers Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以挖苦的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gullivers four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time. Henry Fielding is the father of English novel. John Smith is the first American writer. Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence. The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War. combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on surrealism. His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是同等的。 Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism. Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet. Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between mankind and nature and draw peoples attention on how to get along with nature properly. He wants to subvert transcendentalism. 9.诗歌鉴赏 Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？ Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空， And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转瞬会云雾充满。 And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘舞， By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。 But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永久的夏日常新 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。 Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁， When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永久的诗中长存。 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇， So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter，包括三个四行组quatrain和一个对偶句(couplet)，接受典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 二、比方和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 Sonnet 29 When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼， I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘舞， And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天, And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰， Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于盼望， Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相像，又和他一样广交游， Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行， With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头； Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我刚要这样看轻自己， Haply I think on thee,and then my state突然想起了你，于是我的精神， Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地 From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门： For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有， That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。 赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格iambic pentameter. 韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。 To a Waterfowl 致 水 鸟 -by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特 Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠， While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空绚丽，白日的行程就要结束； Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际， Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤寂的前程追逐？ 总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you (waterfowl) are going? Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远翱翔而无计可施， Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的目光徒劳眷顾； As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你衬托， Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飘舞。 总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe. Without success, a hunter (fowler) might try to bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky. Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在找寻开阔的大河之滨， Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？ Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩， On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？ 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake, the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean? There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照， Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-在无路的海岸为你指路， The desert and illimitable air,-在荒漠和无边的空际， Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤寂的漂浮不致迷途。 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air. You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost. All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀， At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气淡薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处， Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不愿着陆舒适的大地， Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。 总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming. You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you. And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦， Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处； And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend休息中呼喊自己的伙伴， Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family; or, to achieve your goal. Soon your journey will end. Soon you will descend to your summer home. There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses. Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没， Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无； Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底， And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me. He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方， Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必定的翱翔， In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必需单独跋涉的长途上， Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。 赏析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab. 第三篇：英美文学。 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1船长约翰史密斯Captain John Smith 自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事务的真实介绍 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony 弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country 弗吉尼亚通史“General History of Virginia 2威廉布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop 普利茅斯开发历史“The History of Plymouth Plantation 3约翰温思罗普John Winthrop 新英格兰历史“The History of New England 4罗杰威廉姆斯Roger Williams 开启美国语言的钥匙A Key into the Language of America 或叫美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南 Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England 5安妮布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明富兰克林Benjamin Franklin 自传“ The Autobiography 穷人理查德的年鉴“Poor Richards Almanac 2。托马斯佩因Thomas Paine 美国危机“The American Crisis 收税官的案子“The Case of the Officers of the Excise 常识“Common Sense 人权“Rights of Man 理性的时代“The Age of Reason 土地公允“Agrarian Justice 3。托马斯杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson 独立宣言 4。菲利浦弗瑞诺Philip Freneau 野忍冬花“The Wild Honey Suckle 印第安人的坟地“The Indian Burying Ground 致凯提迪德“To a Caty-Did 想象的力气“The Power of Fancy 夜屋“The House of Night 英国囚船“The British Prison Ship 斗争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War 札记“Miscellaneous Works 第四篇：英美文学 2007级 英语翻译班 王晓玲学号 200704830116 Reading Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) is one of the most important figures in the history of American Literature.Bradstreet was born as Anne Dudley in Northampton, England. She was the daughter of Thomas Dudley and Dorothy Dudley, Earl of Lincoln, and she grew up in cultured circumstances.Bradstreet was an unusually well-educated woman for her time, which allowed her to express herself through writing. She wrote about politics, history, medicine, and theology. Much of Bradstreet's poetry is based on observation of the world around her, focusing heavily on domestic and religious themes. Long considered primarily of historical interest, she won critical acceptance in the 20th century as a writer of enduring verse, particularly for her sequence of religious poems "Contemplations", It is clear to see that Anne's faith was exemplary, and so was her love for children and her husband, Governor Simon Bradstreet. Anne's poems were written mainly during the long periods of loneliness while Simon was away on political errands. Anne, who was a well educated woman, also spent much time with her children, reading to them and teaching them as her father had taught her when she was young. While it is rather easy for us to view Puritan ideology in a bad light because of it's attitude towards women and strict moral code, her indifference to material wealth, her humility and her spirituality, regardless of religion, made her into a positive, inspirational role model for any of us.Another one of Anne's most important qualities was her strong intuition, although only subtly hinted at in her work, probably for fear of reprisal from the deeply religious Puritan community, one cannot help but feel her constant fascination with the human mind, and spirit, andinner guidance. Her style is deceptively simple, yet speaks of a woman of high intelligence and ideals who was very much in love, and had unconditional faith.While it was difficult for women to air their views in the 17th Century, Anne Bradstreet did so with ease, as her rich vocabulary and polyvalent knowledge brought a lyrical, yet logical quality to her work which made it pleasant for anyone to read. Anne Bradstreet's poetry reflects Puritan thinking like sunlight softly shimmering on aquiet country pond.There is life and much activity just below the quiet surface,yet one must look below to discover its depth.As the first notable poet in American literature,it is fitting that this young woman,a product of an atypical upbringing,should use her extensive education to express thought and emotion well beyond the writings of her time 第五篇：英美文学 SIR THOMAS MALORY (1405-1471 ) The Outl